LIGO-IndiaAn Indo-US joint mega-project concept proposal

by IndIGO (Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations)

Version: TS Jun 9, 2011

GW Astronomy with Intl. Network of GW ObservatoriesGW Astronomy with Intl. Network of GW Observatories

LIGO-LLO: 4km

LIGO-LHO: 2km, 4kmGEO: 0.6km VIRGO: 3km

TAMA: 0.3km

LIGO-Australia?

1. Detection confidence 2. Source direction 3. Polarization info.

LIGO-India ?

Laser Interferometer GW Observatory

4 km: 1.2m diameter high vaccum tubesIndia

180 W(Germany)

Seismic isolatio

n

Stacks (GEO, U

K)

Optics & controls(USA)

40 kgFused silica

mirrors(USA)

Fig from LIGO-AUS report?

If retained get better res picture

Era of Advanced LIGO detectors: 2015

Courtesy: B. Schultz, GWIC Roadmap Document 2010

Gravitational wave Astronomy :Synergy with other major Astronomy projects:

• SKA: Radio : Pulsars timing, • X-ray satellite (AstroSAT)• Gamma ray observatory•Thirty meter telescope: gamma ray follow-up,…• •

INDIGO: the goals• Major experimental science science initiative in GW astronomy

LIGO-India (Letter from LIGO Labs)– Advanced LIGO hardware for 1 detector shipped to India.– India provides suitable site and infrastructure to house the GW observatory– Site, two 4km armlength high vacuum tubes in L config.– Indian cost ~Rs 1000Cr Earlier plan: Partnership in LIGO-Australia (a diminishing possibility)

– Advanced LIGO hardware for 1 detector shipped to Australia at the Gingin site, near Perth. NSF approval– Australia and International partners find funds (equiv to half the detector cost ~$200M) within a year.– Indian partnership at 15% with full data rights.

• Consolidated IndIGO membership of LIGO Science Collab. + propose creating a Tier-2 data centre for LSC in IUCAA + IUSSTF IndoUS joint

Centre at IUCAA with Caltech (funded)

• Provide a common umbrella to initiate and expand GW related experimental activity and training new manpower – 3m prototype detector in TIFR (funded). Unnikrishnan– Laser expt. RRCAT, IIT M, IIT K | High Vaccum & controls at IPR, BARC, ISRO,

….– UG summer internship at Natn. & Intl GW labs & observatories.– Postgrad IndIGO schools, specialized courses,…

Multi-InstitutionalConsortium

1. IUCAA2. TIFR3. RRI4. RRCAT5. IPR6. CMI7. Delhi University8. IISER Kolkata9. IISER Trivandrum10. IIT Chennai• IIT Kanpur• Jamia Milia

The IndIGO Consortium

Data Analysis & Theory

1. Sanjeev Dhurandhar IUCAA2. Bala Iyer RRI3. Sukanta Bose, Wash. U., USA4. B. S. Sathyaprakash Cardiff University,

UK5. Anand Sengupta Delhi University 6. Archana Pai IISER, Trivandrum 7. Sanjit Mitra JPL, Caltech IUCAA8. K G Arun Chennai Math. Inst., Chennai9. P Ajith Caltech , USA 10. Rajesh Nayak IISER, Kolkata11. A. Gopakumar TIFR, Mumbai 12. Soumya Mohanty UTB, Brownsville , USA13. Badri Krishnan Max Planck AEI, Germany 14. Tarun Souradeep IUCAA15. T R Seshadri Delhi University 16. Patrick Dasgupta Delhi University17. Sanjay Jhingan Jamila Milia, Delhi18. L. Sriramkumar, Phys., IIT M19. Bhim P. Sarma Tezpur Univ .

Instrumentation & Experiment

1. C. S. Unnikrishnan TIFR, Mumbai2. Rana Adhikari Caltech, USA 3. Sendhil Raja RRCAT, Indore4. Anil Prabhakar, EE, IIT M5. Pradeep Kumar, EE, IIT K6. Suresh Doravari Caltech, USA 7. Ajai Kumar IPR, Gandhinagar 8. Ranjan Gupta IUCAA, Pune9. Jiwan Mittal RRCAT, Indore 10. S Shukla RRCAT, Indore11. Raja Rao ex RRCAT consultant 12. G Rajalakshmi TIFR, Mumbai 13. Biplab Bhawal

Independent(Google)

IndIGO Council1. Bala Iyer ( Chair) RRI,

Bangalore 2. Sanjeev Dhurandhar (Science) IUCAA, Pune 3. C. S. Unnikrishnan (Experiment) TIFR, Mumbai4. Tarun Souradeep (Spokesperson) IUCAA, Pune

Committees:

National Steering Committee:Kailash Rustagi (IIT, Mumbai) [Chair]Bala Iyer (RRI) [Coordinator]Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA) [Co-Coordinator]D.D. BhawalkarP.D. Gupta (RRCAT)J.V. Narlikar (IUCAA)Ajit Kembhavi (IUCAA)G. Srinivasan

International Advisory Committee

Rana Adhikari (LIGO, Caltech, USA)David Blair (AIGO, UWA, Australia)Adalberto Giazotto (Virgo, Italy)P.D. Gupta (Director, RRCAT, India)James Hough (GEO, GWIC Chair; Glasgow, UK)Kazuaki Kuroda (LCGT, Japan)Harald Lueck (GEO, Germany)Nary Man (Virgo, France)Jay Marx (LIGO, Director, USA)David McClelland (AIGO, ANU, Australia)Jesper Munch (Chair, ACIGA, Australia)B.S. Sathyaprakash (GEO, Cardiff Univ, UK)Bernard F. Schutz (GEO, Director AEI, Germany)Jean-Yves Vinet (Virgo, France)Stan Whitcomb (LIGO, Caltech, USA)

IndIGO structure

Courtesy: Unnikrishnan

LIGO-India: Why is it a good idea?for India

• Have a 20 year legacy and wide recognition in the Intl. GW community. (Would not make it to the GWIC report, otherwise!)

– AIGO/LIGO/EGO strong interest in fostering Indian community– GWIC invitation to IndIGO join as member (Jul 2011)

• Jump start direct participation in GW observations/astronomy– going beyond analysis methodology & theoretical prediction --- to full fledged

participation in experiment, data acquisition, analysis and astronomy results.• For once, may be perfect time to a launch into a promising field (GW

astronomy) well before it has obviously blossomed. • Provides an exciting challenge at an International forefront of

experimental science. Can tap and siphon back the extremely good UG students trained in India. (Sole cause of `brain drain’).– 1st yr summer intern 2010 MIT for PhD– Indian experimental scientist Postdoc at LIGO training for Adv. LIGO subsystem

• Indian experimental expertise related to GW observatories will thrive and attain high levels due to LIGO-India. – Sendhil Raja, RRCAT, Anil Prabhakar, EE, IIT Madras, Pradeep Kumar, EE, IITK

Photonics– Vacuum expertise with RRCAT (Shukla) , IPR (Ajai Kumar)

LIGO-India: Why is it a good idea?… for the World

• Strategic geographical relocation for GW astronomy– sky coverage gain:– distance:– duty cycle:

• Potentially large science community in future– Indian demographics: youth dominated – need challenges– excellent UG education system already produces large number of trained

in India find frontline research opportunity at home.

• Large data analysis trained manpower and facilities exist (and being created.

Courtesy: B. Schultz: GWIC Roadmap Document

GWIC: Gravitational Wave International Committee

Indo-Aus.Meeting, Delhi, Feb 2011

LIGO-India: the concept …• LIGO Lab approached with concept proposal for joint mega-project --- strategic geographical relocation of • Advanced LIGO interferometer detector funded and ready to be shipped by US

• Indian contribution in infrastructure : site vacuum systemRelated ControlsData centre trained manpower for installation, commissioning and running for 10 years

LIGO-India: … the Opportunity

• Part of a fundamental scientific discovery : direct detection of gravitational radiation• Part of “historic” launch of a new window of Astronomy•LIGO-India: Southernmost, hence, Unique role in the Intl. GW observatory network.

• Full detector at about half the cost is the naïve calculation. Adv. LIGO detector system is worth 15 years of challenging R &D – price tag?

• Indian Labs & Industry • •

LIGO-India: … the opportunity

Strategic Geographical relocation- the science gain

Sky coverage: Synthesized Network beam(antenna power)

LIGO-India: … the opportunity

Strategic Geographical relocation- the science gain

Sky coverage: ‘reach’ /sensitivity in different directions

LIGO-India: … the opportunity

Strategic Geographical relocation

Source localization error

5-15 degrees to ~degree !!!

Ellipses version as in LIGO-Aus proposal ?

LIGO-India: … the opportunityStrategic Geographical relocation

Polarization info

Sky coverage ?

LIGO-India: … the opportunity

Strategic Geographical relocation

Network: HIJLV  GMRT BangaloreMean horizon distance: 1.57 1.63Detection Volume: 12.0 12.0Volume Filling factor: 73% 66%Triple Detection Rate(80%):  8.62 8.64Triple Detection Rate(95%):  11.1 11.1Sky Coverage:  100% 100%Directional Precision:  2.93 3.00

Figure?

LIGO-India: … the opportunityLIGO-India : Technology gain

• 180 W pre-stablized Nd:YAG laser

• Input condition optics, including electro-optic modulators, Faraday isolators, a suspended mode-cleaner (12-m long mode-defining cavity), and suspended mode-matching telescope optics.

• five "BSC chamber" seismic isolation systems (two stage, six degree of freedom, active isolation stages capable of ~200 kg payloads)

• six "HAM Chamber" seismic isolation systems (one stage, six degree of freedom, active isolation stages capable of ~200 kg payloads)

• eleven Hydraulic External Pre-Isolation systems (mount external to chamber for longer range and lower frequency isolation and actuation

• 10 interferometer core optics (test masses, folding mirrors, beam splitter, recycling mirrors)

Relative valuation ?

LIGO-India: … the opportunityLIGO-India : Technology gain

* Five quadruple stage large optics suspensions systems

* Triple stage suspensions for remaining suspended optics

* Baffles and beam dumps for controlling scattering and stray radiation

* Optical distortion monitors and thermal control/compensation system for large optics

* Photo-detectors, conditioning electronics, actuation electronics and conditioning

* Data conditioning and acquisition system, software for data acquisition

* Supervisory control and monitoring system, software for all control systems

* Installation tooling and fixturing

Relative valuation ?

LIGO-India: … the challenges Organizational

National level mega-project Identify a lead institution and agency Project leaderTrain manpower for installation & commissioning Generate & sustain manpower running for 10 years. Site short lead time International competetion

Technical vacuum system Related Controls Data centre

LIGO-India: … the challenges

Trained Manpower for installation & commissioning

Requirements:From LIGO requirements doc

Plans & Preliminary exploration: Sendhil doc

Indo-US centre for Gravitational Physics and Astronomy

• Centre of Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF)

• Exchange program to fund mutual visits and facilitate interaction.

• Nodal centres: IUCAA , India & Caltech, US.

• Institutions:

Indian: IUCAA, TIFR, IISER, DU, CMI - PI: Tarun Souradeep US: Caltech, WSU - PI: Rana Adhikari

APPROVED for funding (Dec 2010)

LIGO-India: … the challenges

Generate manpower for sustenance of the Intl. observatory

Requirements:

Plans & Preliminary exploration:

• Summer internships in Intl labs underway• IndIGO schools

Proposals:Post graduate school specialization course

LIGO-India: … the challenges

Large scale ultra-high Vacuum enclosure

Requirements:

Preliminary exploration:

LIGO-India: … the challengesIndian SiteRequirements:

Low seismicityLow human generated noiseAir connectivity, Acad institution, labs, industry

Preliminary exploration: IISc new campus & adjoining campuses near Chitra Durga

•1hr from Intl airport• low seismicity•National science facilities complex plans• •

LIGO-India: … the challenges

Short lead time

Requirements:

Preliminary exploration:

LIGO-India: … the challenges

Internation competition

Issues:

Preliminary assessment:

The IndIGO data analysis centre

Tier -2 centre with data archival and computational facilities

Inter-institutional proposal for facility

Propose for a high-throughput Computation and GW Data Archival Centre.

Will provide fundamental infrastructure for consolidating GW data analysis expertise in India.

Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

Objectives of the data centre

LIGO Data Grid as a role model for the proposedIndIGO Data Analysis Centre.

Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

Primary Science: Online Coherent search for GW signal from binary mergers using data from global detector network

Role of IndIGO data centre Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of g-wave data

and analysis Bring together data-analysts within the Indian gravity wave

community. Puts IndIGO on the global map for international collaboration

with LIGO Science Collab. wide facility. Part of LSC participation from IndIGO

100 Tflops = 8500 cores x 3 GHz/coreNeed 8500 cores to carry out a half decent coherent search for

gravitational waves from compact binaries.

(1 Tflop = 250 GHz = 85 cores x 3 GHz / core)

Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer.

Network: gigabit backbone, National Knowledge Network.

Courtesy: Anand Sengupta, IndIGO

IndIGO Data Centre@IUCAA Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations

Future GWDA Plans of IndIGO (as part of LSC)

Project leads: Sanjit Mitra, T. Souradeep, S. Dhurandhar …

Extend GW radiometer work (Mitra,Dhurandhar, TS,…2009)

Implementation of the cross-correlation search for periodic sources (Dhurandhar + collab.)

Burst Sources • Formulation• Implementation

Courtesy: S. Dhurandhar

Vetoes for non-Gaussian noise for coherent detection of inspirals

• Project leads: Anand Sengupta, Archana Pai, M K Harris.

Non-Gaussian noise plagues the detector data

Vetoes have been developed in LSC for removal of non-Gaussian noise in the single detector case

For coincidence search the veto is obvious but for coherent not so.

Developing a veto for coherent is crucial – chi squared

Scope for improving the current chi squared test – Japanese collaboration

8th February Delhi Courtesy: S. Dhurandhar

Tests of General Relativity using GW observations

Project leads:   K G Arun, Rajesh Nayak and Chandra Kant Mishra, Bala Iyer

GWs are unique probes of strong field gravity. Their direct detection would enable very precise tests of GR in the dynamical and strong field regime.

Preparing data analysis algorithms for AdvLIGO in order to test GR and its alternatives is one of the important and immediate goals of LSC.

Plan to take part in the activity to develop parameter estimation tools based on Bayesian methods.

Possible collaboration with B S Sathyaprakash (Cardiff University) & P Ajith (Caltech).

Courtesy: S. Dhurandhar

Summary (& next steps?)

THE END

Need for a IndIGO data centre Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of g-wave data and

analysis Bring together data-analysts within the Indian gravity wave

community. Puts IndIGO in the global map for international collaboration

LSC wide facility would be useful for LSC participation

Functions of the IndIGO data centre Data archival: Tier-2 data centre for archival of LIGO data. This

would include data from LIGO-Australia. LIGO Data-Grid Tools for replication.

Provide Computation Power: Pitch for about 8000 cores Compare with AEI (~5000 cores), LIGO-Caltech (~1400 cores),

Syracuse cluster (~2500 cores).

Main considerations for data centre design Network: gigabit backbone, National Knowledge Network. Indian

grid! Dedicated storage network: SAN, disk space Electrical power, cooling, Air-Conditioning: requirements and design Layout of rack, cabling Hardware (blades, GPUs etc.), middleware (Condor, Globus),

software (Data Monitoring Tools, LALApps, Matlab)

IndIGO Data Centre@IUCAA

Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

Summary: data centre requirements

100 Tflops = 8500 cores x 3 GHz/coreNeed 8500 cores to carry out a half decent coherent

search for gravitational waves from compact binaries.

(1 Tflop = 250 GHz = 85 cores x 3 GHz / core)

Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer.

Cost ~ 25 crores (Comp. hardware alone)

3/4 crores startup - to facilitate the close Intl. interactions required with existing LSC data centres & labs . Large scale LD analysis tools training required. Summer internships, meetings/conference/schools,…

As part of planned HPC data centre at IUCAA ?

Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

LIGO-Australia: Idea and Opportunity

• The NSF approved grand decision to locate one of the planned LIGO-USA interferometer detector at Gingin site, W. Australia to maximize science benefits like baseline, pointing, duty cycle, technology development and international collaboration.

• The proposal from Australian consortium envisages IndIGO as one of the partners to realize this amazing opportunity.

- Indian contribution in hardware (end station vacuum system, and controls), Data centre, manpower for installation and commissioning.

Indo-Aus.Meeting, Delhi, Feb 2011