lignite and biomass co-firing tee 11.05.09

8/14/2019 Lignite and Biomass Co-firing TEE 11.05.09

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P. Grammelis, E. Karampinis, M. Agraniotis, Em. Kakaras

+30 210 6501 593, Fax : +30 210 6501 598E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]

Cent re for Researc h and Tec hnology Hel las

Ins t i t u t e for So l id Fue ls Technology and Appl ic a t ions

(CERTH / ISFTA)

Ligni t e and b iom ass c o-f i r ing:

The c ase s tudy of K ard ia pow er p lant

11 t h May 2009, Pt o lem aida, GR



2

Overview

Co-firing benefits

Relevant Experience in ISFTA

Regional Pole for Innovation in West Macedonia:Co-firing tests at the Kardia power plant

DEBCO project: Large-scale Co-firing Demo Related activities

Acknowledgements



3

Co-firing Benefits

Economic Reduced costs for the purchase of CO2 credits

Increased lifetime of lignite reserves

Allows the indigenous lignite to remain competitive in spite of increased CO2 costs

Investment of low capital cost

Enviromental

Valorization of the energy content of renewable fuels with zero CO2 balance

Preservation of natural resources – reduced utilization of non-renewables, fossil fuels

Social Enhanced environmental and social profile of PPC

Strengthening the agricultural sector in West Macedonia, new employment opportunities

in the emerging bio-energy sector

Valorization of residues and utilization of margin lands for cultivation of energy crops



Relevant Projects by ISFTA

Project Title Programme Total Budget (ΕUR)

Low emissions co-combustion of waste wood and lignite

derived products

EC DGXVII / Thermie A (SF-0264-97)612.200

Demonstration of BGL-gasification under optimized

conditions for the European and Asian markets

EC DGXVII / Thermie A (SF-8-98)372.100

Multi Fuel Operated Integrated Clean Energy Process:

Thermal Desorption Recycle-Reduce-Reuse Technology

(TDT-3R)

EC DG TR-EN/ 5th FP - Energy & Environment

(NNE5/363/2001)485.000

Energy Wood Production Chains in Europe (ECHAINE)EC DG TR-EN/ 5th FP (ENK5-CT2002-00623)

318.890

Advanced Biomass Gasification for High-Efficiency

Power (BiGPower)

ΕC DG Research (STREP-019761)225.960

Pre-normative research on solid biofuels for improved

European standards (BIONORM ΙΙ)

EC DG Research / FP6 (SES6 / 038644 )108.438

DEBCO – Demonstration of Large Scale Biomass Co-

firing and Supply Chain Integration

EC DG TREN / FP7 (TREN/FP7EN/218968)498.000

Adaptation of renewable energy solutions for the olive oil

industry (RESOLIVE)

Research for SME / FP7 (FP7-SME-2007-2/218453) 327.630



Action A3 “Co-Combustion of Secondary Fuels (Biomass) with Lignite in a Power Plant”

(participants: PPC S.A. and CERTH/ISFTA) of the “Regional Pole for Innovation in West

Macedonia” was the first demonstrative initiative for biomass co-firing in West Macedonia:

Lab-scale investigation on biomass / lignite co-combustion

Initial investigation of biomass offer

CFD modelling of the co-firing operation for Kardia Power Plant

Evaluation of environmental and economic impact of co-firing

Co-firing tests with olive kernel at Kardia I PP

Specifications for retrofitting the Kardia PP with more than 10% thermal share of

biomass co-firing

Springboard for more research and demonstrative initiatives on co-firing

Regional Pole for Innovation in

West Macedonia (1/9)



Sample

Proximate Analysis

(% by mass, are received)

Ultimate Analysis

(% by mass, dry) HHV

(MJ/Kg)Moisture Volatile

Fixed

Carbon

Ash C H N Ο S

Olive Kernel A 7,53 67,17 22,91 2,39 51,19 6,06 0,76 39,32 0,09 18,9

Olive Kernel B 7,12 68,38 22,52 1,98 52,44 6,17 1,32 37,85 0,09 19,9

Olive Kernel C 13,5 61,1 16,8 8,7 46,86 5,43 3,23 33,9 0,58 18,1

Cotton Residue 9,99 65,53 18,53 5,95 47,03 5,96 1,79 38,42 0,19 16,9

Forest Residue 7,32 73,96 18,54 0,19 53,16 6,25 0,30 40,0 0,09 19,5

Waste Wood 28,28 52,90 16,46 2,36 45,68 6,07 4,51 40,32 0,13 12,6

Paper Sludge 53,67 22,09 0,58 23,66 23,02 2,78 1,70 21,33 0,10 3,3

Straw 8,0 71,7 15,0 5,3 41,37 6,03 0,47 45,23 0,19 16,5

Wood Pellets 6,98 71,00 20,01 2,01 49,60 6,58 4,19 37,35 0,12 17,8

Cardoon A 8.2 70.0 14.6 7.2 40.6 5.5 0.9 45.0 0.1 13.7

Cardoon B 7.9 71.8 13.4 6.9 43.7 6.0 1.8 40.9 0.05 16.3

Chemical analysis and HHV of Greek biomass fuels





Boiler Simulation with FLUENT CFD

code for 2% and 10% thermal input

Minor changes to temperature and

oxygen profile

Differentiation of particle burnout

depending on injection point

Decreased burnout of biomass

compared to lignite due to particle

size – potential problems with

increased biomass shares

CFD Simulation of Kardia Power Plant





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Current Co-firing techniques in coal-fired power plants

1. Pre-blending of biomass / coal mixture, common milling and feeding

2. Separate milling of substitution fuel, introduction to the main fuel feeding system, usage of existing burners

3. Separate milling of the secondary fuel, installation of new biomass burners

4. Biomass gasification and combustion of the syngas in the boiler

Note: Each of the above alternatives has its own, unique operational requirements and special demands for fuel quality and characteristics





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The required technical modifications for the co-firing in

lignite-fired PPs are generally limited and focus on the

following issues:

Construction of a shaded space for biomass unloading

Construction of a storage silo and a pneumatic feeding

system

Biomass feeding in the boiler can be achieved in one of thefollowing ways:

Feeding through the existing lignite feeding system

Pneumatic feeding and injection of the secondary fuel

in the main lignite pipework before the mills or the burners

Pneumatic feeding and injection of the secondary fuel

through new burners

Schematic of biomass unloaded area. Source: VGB Magazine,

Co-combustion – The power producer’s point of view, R. Hassa,

H. Breuer Vattenfall

Silo

Moving Floor

Ventilation

SystemConveyor Belt

Lignite transport

belts

Stack





14

Current Activities: DEBCO (1/5)

Title Demonstration of Large Scale Biomass Co-firing and Supply Chain

Integration ( DEBCO )

Goal Demonstration of biomass and lignite co-firing in large scale power plants

and determination of the specifications for long-term, maximum sharebiomass utilization in the fuel mix

Partners PPC S.A. / Kardia Power Station & CERTH/ISFTA + 15 European partners

(utilities, research institutes, manufacturers, etc)

Targets Development of a reliable and efficient biomass supply chain

Monitoring of technical and environmental aspects of long-term operation

Identification of technical bottlenecks to the implementation of co-firing

Implementation of retrofitting activities

Determination of specifications for continuous operation and

transferability of results for similar projects in other power stations

Budget ~7,1 Mi € - Greek budget ~1,1 Mi€, 50% EU-funded through 7th FP

Duration 48 Months (12/2011)



15




16

Technical performance Indicators

Economic performance Indicators

Environmental performance Indicators

Availability of 117,500tn of agricultural residues on annual basis in the Kozani area

Total land for agriculture is 98.600 ha. For the cultivation of energy crops, ~4.5% of available land is required for one

unit.

Potential substitution of lignite with biomass share equals to 5% thermal input enhancing this up to 10% th.i.

Estimated quantities to be co-fired ~90,000tn/yr for at least two biomass species (seasonality)

Conservation of lignite resources is amounted to approx. ~250,000tn/yr per unit

CO2 emissions avoidance is estimated to be approx. ~170,000tn/year, while SOx and NOx emissions are

expected to be below the legislative limits

No special permissions for the co-firing implementation are required since the Kardia PP has recently received

Approval of Environmental Conditions

The total investment cost for biomass co-firing in one 300MWe Unit rises up to 12 Mi€

The income from the conservation of lignite equals to 2.5 Mi€ per unit on annual basis

An additional income from the CO2 credits is estimated to be 2Mi€/year (price of 12€/tnCO2)




17

Lignite Substitution: 5% thermal share

Lignite cost 14,87 €/tn

CO2 cost: 12€/tn

Biomass yield 20tn/ha

Current Status Co-firing

UnitCapacity

(MWe)

Total

efficiency. (%)

Lignite consumption

(106 ton,/year)

CO2

Emissions(106 ton,/year)

CO2

Avoidance

(106

ton,/έτος)

Biomass

consumptio

n(103ton,/ye

ar)

Savings from

CO2 (Mi€/έτος)

Biomass

price (€/tn)Land (ha)

Kardia I 300 31,7 4,8 3,2 0,16 85,3 1,92 64,34 4.265

Kardia II 300 31,2 4,9 3,3 0,17 87,1 1,98 64,57 4.354

Kardia III 300 32,7 5,1 3,4 0,17 90,6 2,04 64,34 4.532

Kardia IV 300 31,5 5,3 3,5 0,18 94,2 2,10 64,13 4.710

Ag. Dimitrios I 300 33,4 4,7 3,1 0,16 81,0 1,86 66,10 4.050

Ag. Dimitrios II 300 33,7 4,7 3,1 0,16 81,0 1,86 66,10 4.050

Ag. Dimitrios III 310 31,9 5,1 3,4 0,17 87,9 2,04 66,35 4.395

Ag. Dimitrios IV 310 32,4 5,0 3,3 0,17 86,2 1,98 66,12 4.309

Ag. Dimitrios V 375 33,9 5,8 3,9 0,20 100,0 2,34 66,55 4.998

Ptolemaida III 125 30,3 1,8 1,2 0,06 36,7 0,72 56,09 1.835

Ptolemaida IV 300 30,4 4,4 2,9 0,15 89,7 1,74 55,86 4.486

Amyntaio I 300 31,9 4,4 2,9 0,15 85,2 1,74 58,85 4.258

Amyntaio II 300 32,8 4,3 2,8 0,14 83,2 1,68 58,61 4.161

Meliti 330 42,45 2,8 1,9 0,10 70,4 1,14 45,73 3.523

Total 4.150 63,1 41,9 2,10 1.158,5 25,14 57.924




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The main goal for this period is to establish the biomass supply chain for the

co-firing trials in 2009 and 2010 – Kozani Prefecture to subsidize 400ha for the

cultivation of the energy crop Cynara Cardunculus (Cardoon)

Pilot-scale tests with Greek lignite and cardoon at a 0.5MWth unit in Germany

(University of Stuttgart) – Autumn 2009

Characterization of biomass fuel and ash samples according to CEN 335

Additional CFD simulations of the boiler operation

One-month co-firing trials (5% of thermal input) with extensive monitoring in

one of Kardia’s units - Autumn of 2010




19

Related Initiatives

Standardization of Solid Biofuels according

to CEN 335 and 343

Participation in the BIOCLUS FP7: Regions

programme

Participation in the Biomass Panel of theEuropean Technical Platform for Renewable

Heating / Cooling



20

Total budget: 2.85mi€ /

530k€ for Greek

participation

Greek Cluster:

CERTH/ISFTA

Prefecture of WestMacedonia

UoWM

Ziogas S.A.

Related Initiatives: BIOCLUS

Regional research driven cluster in Western Macedonia



PA2, Regional Authority, Public Body

Region of Western Macedonia (RWM)

Plans and implements the regional level of Structural Funds (RegionalOperational Program), including R&D and industrial policy

PA3, Business Entity, SME

ZIOGAS S.A. (ZIOGAS)Wood production,

EU Projects, participated inKnowledge Clusters

Innovative Actions Programme

PA4, Research Entity

University of Western

Macedonia (UoWM)

Dpt. of Managementof Energy Resources

Research and Educational activities

on Energy production,

including biomass resources

Strategic cooperation

Regional SMEsrelated to biomass resources:

Biomass suppliers, such asforesters, farmers, furniture, etc.


Association of Western

Macedonia Industries

Industries operatingin the field of Biomass


Regional Development

Agency of Western

MacedoniaImplementation of

Regional development projects


Public Power Corporation

(PPC S.A.)Production of Energy

Regional research driven cluster in Western Macedonia

Strategic Cooperation

Technical Educational

Institute of Western

Macedonia (TEI WM)Dep. Of Plant production /

Florina Branch

Regional key partner / PA 1

Institute for Solid Fuel Technologies

and Applications (ISFTA)Basic & Applied Research on Solid Fuels, ERA-NETs (Hy-CO &FENCO)

& Knowledge Clusters, European & Global Networking


Regional Innovation Pole

(WM RIP) Focusing on Energy

Funded by national Innovation Poles programme

Participants energy providers and Energy-

related research, business and public authorities


Regional Wood Cluster Funded by “K-Clusters” programme

Participants Wood Industries

and R&D dpts

Strategic cooperation, Public Body

Region of Western Macedonia /

General Direction of ForestsManages the regional Forests



23

Structure of Biomass Panel of ETP-RHC

Related Initiatives: ETP-RHC



24

Acknowledgements

The financial grant of the European

Commission through the DEBCO project

(TREN/FP7EN/218968) is gratefully

acknowledged.

lignite and biomass co-firing tee 11.05.09

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