lightning protection and grounding solutions for · pdf file · 2011-09-276 / tms...

Lightning Protection andGrounding Solutions for

Wireless Networks

2 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template / 9/23/2011

Aircraft launching step leader


Lightning Protection “101”

Why is lightning protection needed?

• Everything is grounded, right?

• Not entirely..

• About 70% of the energy propagates on the shield (grounded)

• About 30% of the energy can go down the center conductor to

the radio equipment

So what do we do about the center conductor?

• Use in-line lightning protectors

• What do these do?

– Destroy the energy?

– Absorb the energy?

– Divert the energy?


Lightning Protection “101”What do we want in-line protectors to do during a lightning strike?

• Turn on quickly

• Let through as little voltage and energy as possible

What do we want them to do after a lightning strike?

• Turn off quickly

• Continue to protect the equipment (not fail)



What do we want them to do when there is no lightning?

• Nothing, we want them to be electrically “invisible” and non-disruptive to the transmission of RF

• Pass through RF at the operating frequency

How do we do that?

• We design and manufacture them to operate with:

– Low insertion loss

– Low return loss (VSWR)

– Low Passive Intermodulation (PIM)


What about proper grounding of wireless systems?

– That’s a whole other subject..


Radial and Ground Rod System

When rods are placed along radials with other rods, a capacitive plate is simulated for a more efficient transfer of energy into the earth.

Radials with ground rods extending out from the tower base, form a fast transient low “resistance” ground system for a single point ground coaxial cable entry panel.


RF Protection

Technologies

Performance

Overview


LP-BTR Series DC blocked (20-1000MHz)

•DC blocked design •Multi-strike capability•Broad band performance up to 1GHz•Exceptional RF characteristics•Universal bulkhead and flange mounting•Elongated Female connectors•Weatherization gasket included •Solid Brass design / White Bronze plating•Phosphor Bronze center pin construction•Silver plated center pin•Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB•Return Loss: <-26dB•VSWR: <1.1:1 •Energy throughput: <200uJ

•LP-BTR-NFF N Female/Female

•LP-BTR-NMP N Male on Protected

•LP-BTR-NMS N Male on Surge


LP-BTR Series Applications

•LP-BTR-NFF N Female/Female•LP-BTR-NMP N Male on Protected•LP-BTR-NMS N Male on Surge

Potential customers and market segments• Applications requiring (20-1000MHz) band •DC blocked for surge performance•Oil/Gas•Electric Utilities•SCADA•Automation•Air Traffic Control•Public Safety•Security

•Railroads - Transportation


LP-STR-D series DC blocked (800-2500MHz) •LP-STR-DFF DIN Female/Female•LP-STR-DMP DIN Male on Protected•LP-STR-DMS DIN Male on Surge

•Fully weatherized body to IP67•Broadband RF performance•Multi-strike capability•Maintenance free design•Maximum surge current: 50kA•Throughput voltage: 440mV•Throughput energy: 700pJ•PIM@ 900/1900/2100MHz: <-160dBc•Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB•Return Loss: <-26dB


LP-STR-N Series DC Blocked (800-2500MHz)

•LP-STR-NFF N Female/Female•LP-STR-NMP N Male on Protected•LP-STR-NMS N Male on Surge



LP-STRL-D series DC Blocked (680-2200MHz)


•LP-STR-DFF DIN Female/Female•LP-STR-DMP DIN Male on Protected•LP-STR-DMS DIN Male on Surge


LP-STRL-N series DC Blocked (680-2200MHz)


•LP-STR-NFF N Female/Female•LP-STR-NMP N Male on Protected•LP-STR-NMS N Male on Surge


LP-STRL- Series Applications

•LP-STRL-NFF N Female/Female•LP-STRL-NMP N Male on Protected•LP-STRL-NMS N Male on Surge•LP-STRL-DFF DIN Female/Female

•LP-STRL-DMP DIN Male on Protected•LP-STRL-DMS DIN Male on Surge

Potential customers and market segments

•Network Operators – Carriers

•OEMs•Public Safety 700MHz spectrum•LTE (Long Term Evolution)•Low PIM requirements•DC blocking applications


Times-Protect PIM Test Data – (LP-STR and LP-STRL series)


“Competitor Brand” Ultra Low PIM protector


DC Pass product family

•Applications requiring power•Broadband design•Bi-directional operation•Multi strike capability•Fully weatherized to IP67


LP-GTR-D Series DC pass (DC-2500MHz)

• LP-GTR-DFF/23/35 DIN Female/Female• LP-GTR-DFM/23/35 DIN Female/Male

•Fully weatherized body to IP67•Broadband RF performance•Multi-strike capability•Bi-directional operation•90Vdc turn on (50 Watts)•230Vdc turn on (210 Watts)•350Vdc turn on (550 Watts)•White Bronze plated body•Phosphor Bronze center pin •Silver plated center pin •Insertion Loss: < 0.2dB•Return Loss: <-26dB


LP-GTR-N Series DC Pass (DC-3000MHz)

• LP-GTR-NFF/23 N Female/Female• LP-GTR-NFM/23 N Female/Male

•Fully weatherized body to IP67•Broadband RF performance•Multi-strike capability•Bi-directional operation•90Vdc turn on voltage (50 Watts)•230Vdc turn on voltage (210 Watts)•White Bronze plated body•Phosphor Bronze center pin •Silver plated center pin•Insertion Loss: < 0.25dB•Return Loss: <-26dB


LP-GTR Series Applications• LP-GTR-NFF/23 N Female/Female• LP-GTR-NFM/23 N Female/Male• LP-GTR-DFF/23/35 DIN Female/Female• LP-GTR-DFM/23/35 DIN Female/Male

Potential customers and market segments

•GPS receiver•Tower Mounted Electronics•DC pass requirements for 50/210/550Watts•Universal right angle bracket adaptor included

Universal GroundingMounting Bracket included with every GTR Series Device


Universal mounting and grounding bracket LP-BFDN-CW


The preferred method for product

recommendation is by obtaining the

actual network operating data as

opposed to competitor part number as

cross-ref. There are many overlaps in competitive

products which might otherwise

disqualify our parts, even though our

products could satisfy customer

requirements.


Times-Protect™ new Products coming..

• LP-WBX-NFF/NMP/NMS Series (2-6GHz operation)• LP-GPX-05-NFF/NFM L1, L2 &L3 GPS Protector (1-2GHz)

• Times-Protect Product Selection Calculator


LP-WBX-NFF/NMP/NMS (2-6GHz operation)


LP-GPX-05-NFF & NFM (1-2GHz - L1, L2 & L3 GPS Protector)


Surge Performance Data for LP-GPX and LP-WBX Seriesat 6kV/3kA (1.2x50/8x20us) wave-shape

LP-GPX-05-NFFLP-GPX-05-NFMBidirectional operation

LP-WBX-NFF

LP-WBX-NMPLP-WBX-NMS

User voltage: 5Vdc

Voltage throughput: <12VpkEnergy throughput: <110uJ

Voltage throughput: <2Vpk

Energy throughput: <150nJ

Pro

du

ct T

yp

e

“f”(MHz)0 1500 3000 4500 6000

LP-BTR-N

LP-STR-D & N Series

LP-GTR-N Series

(20-1000MHz) DC blocked N type – SCADA, LMR, Utilities, Public Safety, Oil, Gas

(800-2500MHz) DC blocked DIN & N type – Cellular Carriers

LP-GTR-D Series

DC-3000MHz DC pass N type (50/210 Watts)

DC-2500MHz DC pass DIN type (50/210/550 Watts)

LP-STRL- D & N Series (680-2200MHz) DC blocked DIN & N, type –LTE, 700MHz Public Safety Spectrum, Cellular Carriers

LP-WBX-N Series (2000-6000MHz) DC blocked

LP-GPX-N (1000-2000MHz) N type (5V) - L1, L2 &L3 Band GPS Protector

Product Selection Matrix

Broadband Wireless

Smart – Panel &Grounding

Accessories


POLYPHASER Times-Protect™ TIMES-PROTECT™ ADVANTAGES NOTES

IS-B50LN-C2

IS-B50NX-C2

IS-NEMP-C2

IS-B50LN-C2-MA

IS-50NX-C2-MA

IS-NEMP-C2-MA

IS-B50LN-C2-ME

IS-50NX-C2-ME

IS-NEMP-C2-ME

LP-BTR50NFF

“

“

LP-BTR50NMS

“

“

LP-BTR50NMP

“

“

1. Lower Insertion Loss and Return Loss

2. Broader operating frequency minimizes number of parts in inventory and easier

application selection.

3. Solid brass body vs. aluminum

4. White bronze body plating vs. aluminum

Universal mounting bracket for

bulkhead and flange included.

Self captivated screws in the

bracket allow for any

orientation (flange, bulkhead)

DSXL

DSXLMA

DSXLME

LP-STRNFF

LP-STRNMS

LP-STRNMP

1. Broader frequency range (800-2500MHz vs. 800-2300MHz)

2. Much lower energy throughput (700pJ vs. <0.5uJ)

3. Better PIM <-160dBc at 900/1800/2100MHz vs. non-published

4. Much higher surge current rating 50kA (as tested) vs. 20KA for PPC

5. Much higher RF power @ 500W vs. 300W for PPC

6. Weatherization (body) to IP67 vs. IP65 for PPC

DSXL-D

DSXL-D-MA

DSXL-D-ME

LP-STRDFF

LP-STRDMS

LP-STRDMP

Broader frequency range (800-2500MHz vs. 800-2300MHz)

Much lower energy throughput (700pJ vs. <0.5uJ)

Better PIM <-160dBc at 900/1800/2100MHz vs. non-published

Much higher surge current rating 100kA (as tested) vs. 30KA for PPC

Much higher RF power @ 700W vs. 500W for PPC

Weatherization (body) to IP67 vs. IP65 for PPC

GT-DFF-AL

GT-DFM-AL

LP-GTRDFF

LP-GTRDFM


Solid brass body vs. aluminum

White bronze plating vs. aluminum

Replaceable protection component vs. non-replaceable with PPC

PPC may be lower cost due to non-

replaceable design and aluminum

construction.

RGT

RGT-ME

LP-GTRNFF

LP-GTRNFM

Broader frequency range (DC-3000MHz vs. DC-2400MHz) for N type


Solid brass body

White bronze plating

Phosphor bronze silver plated center pin

This comparison is for the

replaceable design from PPC, not

the aluminum N type.

Times Protect™ CROSS – REFERENCE


Smart-Panel™

•LP-SP-12N

•LP-SP-12D•LP-SP-24N

•LP-SP-24D

Feed-throughLP-FT-DFDF

DIN PlugLP-DP

Lightning Protector


Smart-Panel Exterior View

Nothing to steal here !!!!!


Damage and Fix

External grounding after theft

The high impedance fix


External view of traditional method and Smart-Panel Solution

Traditional method consisting of:• High material and labor cost• Lack of provisions for other service entries• Theft exposure• Very high impedance return path to ground• High preventative maintenance

Proposed method:

• Addresses theft issue

• Does not require external shield grounding kits• Makes provisions for Coax/EWG/Data/DC and fiber• Minimal labor cost• All prep work performed at the shelter manufacturer


Interior view of traditional method and Smart-Panel Solution

Traditional method:• Requires separate Inside MGB (IMGB)• Trapeze or other method to ground SPDs• Performance affected by long ground wires• High impedance IMGB ground conductor• Single point ground by installation• High ground loop probability

Propose method:• All RF protectors bulkhead mounted for best surge performance• Assembly accommodates different wall thickness• Provisions for grounding of all protectors to the same SPG• Low impedance ground path for lightning current • Control of MGB potential rise due to low “L” of assembly• Accommodates for additional equipment mounting

RF Protectors

Bulkhead mounted

2/0 Conductorsto ground


Ground lead considerations for installation of RF protectorsApplied surge wave-shape 6KV/3KA (8X20us)

Bulkhead mounted SPD without added ground “L”Surge return directly connected to protector ground

+25.6V, -9.2V

+

-

Su rge

Gen er ator

DUTCe nte

r Pin

Chass isGround

Voltage Measured

at O-scope

+

-

Surge

Generator

DUTCenter Pin

Voltag e Measured at O-

sco pe

GroundInductance

Effects of 1.5 ft ground lead inductance of #1 AWG Cu wireVoltage and energy throughput drastically increases

+544V, -176V

Note: The length of the grounding conductor connected to any lightning protection

device has a major effect on the protector performance as illustrated by the above test. Leadless/Bulkhead installation technique for RF lightning protection devices will eliminate this additive voltage and energy throughput to the protected equipment


Benefits of new design approach

• Single point grounding accomplished by design

• 30 Degree RF feeder entries create natural drip-line

• Accommodates up to 24 RF feeder cables, wave guide, data, telemetry, DC and fiber entries

• Impedance and inductance controlled through geometry of design.

• Provisions for installation of LP Devices to create true single point grounding

• Materials: C110 copper or Al 6061-T6

• No external coax ground kits required eliminating potential water ingress

• Theft proof design

• Weatherized to IP-67

• Protection voltage during strike much lower than designs using long ground conductors

• Adjustable to shelter wall thickness

• Provisions for lightning strike counter and ground resistance monitor with remote alarms

• Allows installation of multiple lightning protectors on the same ground reference plain


Times-Protect™ offers..Products

• Value-engineered designs

• Equal or better performance at a better price

• Broadband Low PIM performance

• Superior materials and design

• Rigid manufacturing tolerances

• Superior Grounding Solutions (Smart-Panel)

Support

• Technical sales and applications engineering expertise

• Customer visits

• Engineering seminars on grounding & lightning protection for wireless networks

• Publications http://www.timesmicrowave.com/products/protect/

http://www.timesmicrowave.com/products/protect/


Comments, Discussion and Questions

lightning protection and grounding solutions for · pdf file · 2011-09-276 / tms...

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