light weight architecture revisited: the way of the future?...gsm operations/s 10-3 1 home server...

Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern Norway-NISE

e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Technological developments change the consumer electronics market into a verydynamic market. CE manufacturers are used to realize product innovation bymeans of standardization, inside products as well as between products. Standard-ization and innovation are often conflicting activities. An approach is discussed tooptimize the balance, based on ”light-weight architectures”.The weight of an architecture determines how easy an architecture can berealized, changed and applied. An heavy architecture has many mandatory rules,which apply always and everywhere, with a large degree of detail. An heavyarchitecture provides a lot of certainties and control, but is more difficult to adaptto changing circumstances.

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September 1, 2020status: finishedversion: 0.0

Effe

ctiv

enes

s

architecture weight

(for dynamic markets and fast changing technologies)

very low low medium high

overall

effectiveness

Manageability

Flexibility

= Flexibility * Manageability

What is Architecture?

Do the right things

Do the things right

HowGuiding

WhyUnderstanding

WhatDescribing

Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?2 Gerrit Muller

version: 0.0September 1, 2020

LWAwhatIsArchitecture

Table of Contents

1. Do the right things; The Dynamic Market

2. Do the things right; Light-weight Architecture

25 Kg

Why What How

Understanding Describing Guiding

On/Off

This appliance may only be used for non commercial use

accuracy +/- 200 g



LWA2tableOfContents

Part 1:Do the right things;

The Dynamic Market



Value chain

ProvidersUPC

Canal+ AOL

AT&T

RetailersFry's

Dixon

Consumers BoonstraPeper

KokChirac

Blair

PietersenSmith

Jones

Jansen

Muller

Kleisterlee

Clinton

v.d. Spijker

Meulengraafder Kinderen

Reinders

Bush

Rooyakkers

de Vries

Koch

d'Oliviera

van Oranje

Obbink

v.d. HamerCharite

Cruijf

Neeskensvan Hanegem

Goedkoop

Sharon

El Khatabi

de Gruijter

Heijn

Schijvens

Waterreus

Leonardo

van Bommel

Nistelrooij

Gandhi

Pinochet

Bakker

v.d. Meulen

Hoessein

Schroder

Schweitzer

Peters

Gore

System IntegratorsSony Philips CE-DN

Loewe

NokiaPhilips CE-TV

Philips CE-PCC

Component and

Platform SuppliersPhilips Semiconductors

Philips Components ST

TI

Samsung

Microsoft

Intel

Liberate

Micron

LG

It's

Prodi



LWAvalueChain

Convergence

Telecom

Consumer

Computer



LWAconvergence

Integration and Diversity

mp3

dvd

set top box

flat display

pen

speech

cable

modem

firewall

Ambient Intelligence

living room

car

car navigation

pda

surveillance

camera

camera

GSM phone

computerCommunicator

television

games

sailboat

audio

microset

headphone

garment

watch



LWAintegrationAndDiversity

Uncertainty (Dot.Com effect)

AOL

Amazon.com

source: BigChart.com

dd march 19, 2001

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001



LWAdotcom

Moore’s law

1965 1979

2000 1990

1 kB

64 kB2 MB

Moore's law

Fro

m: C

OP

A tu

toria

l, R

ob

va

n O

mm

erin

g



LWAmooresLawRvO

System Integrator Problem Space - Business

time to

marketeffort

10 100

digital TV

GSM

application

infrastructure

1 10

100

manyearmonths

volume

units

106

103

personalized

(skins, themes)

TV

1000

1

GSM



LWAproblemSpaceBusiness

System Integrator Problem Space - Technology

106

109

1012

performance power

10-3

1

home

server

digital TVhome

server

digital TV

GSM

GSM

storage

106

109

1012

digital TV

home

server

GSM

Operations/s Watt Byte

103



LWAproblemSpaceTechnology

System profile

Problem space

106

109

1012

home

server

digital TV

GSM

Operations/s

10-3

1

home

server

digital TV

GSM

103

106

109

1012

digital TV

home

server

GSM

Byte

10

application

infrastructure

1

100

monthsunits

106

103

TV

1

GSM

personalized

(skins, themes)

100

digital TV

GSM

10

manyear

1000

pe

rform

an

ce

po

we

r

sto

rag

e

time

to

ma

rke

t

vo

lum

e

effo

rt

Watt


version: 0.0September 1, 2020LWAsystemProfile

Semiconductors Technology solutions

106

109

1012

performance power

10-3

1

home

server

digital TVhome

server

digital TV

GSM

GSM

Operations/s Watt

103

Motion

detector MPEG

decoder

MP3

WAP

TCP/IP

Bluetooth

1394

USB

802.11

TriMedia

MIPS

ARM

Real

GSM

GPS

pSOS

WinCE

RF

amp



LWAsolutionSpaceTechnology

Partial Solution: Configurable Component Platform

watch

digital TV

set top box

communicator

pda

MP

EG

de

co

de

r

MP

3

TC

P/IP

Blu

eto

oth

13

94

TriM

ed

ia

MIP

S

AR

M

Re

al

GS

M

GP

S

pS

OS

Win

CE

RF

am

p

camcorder

required

optional

Technologies

Systems



LWAsystemTechnologyMap

Exploring problem space and solution ingredients

Increase

supplier

content

Programmability,

flexibility

Family of

products

Configurability

Competitive

Performance /

cost / power

Solution

ingredients

Composable

Architecture

Problem space

106

109

1012

home

server

digital TV

GSM

Operations/s

10-3

1

home

server

digital TV

GSM

103

106

109

1012

digital TV

home

server

GSM

Byte

10

application

infrastructure

1

100

monthsunits

106

103

TV

1

GSM

personalized

(skins, themes)

100

digital TV

GSM

10

manyear

1000

pe

rform

an

ce

po

we

r

sto

rag

e

time

to

ma

rke

t

vo

lum

e

effo

rt

Watt

watch

digital TV

set top box

communicator

pda

MP

EG

de

co

de

r

MP

3

TC

P/IP

Blu

eto

oth

13

94

TriM

ed

ia

MIP

S

AR

M

Re

al

GS

M

GP

S

pS

OS

Win

CE

RF

am

p

camcorder

required

optional

Technologies

Systems



LWAfromStakeholderToQualities

More than Architecture

From: COPA tutorial;

Philips SW conference 2001.

Architecture only works if the complementary

viewpoints are addressed consistently

BBusiness

OOrganization

PProcess

AArchitecture



LWAbapoFramework

Conclusions Part 1

What

Describing

WhyUnderstanding

dynamic marketconvergence integration

diversity

configurablecomponent platform

portfolio and familyarchitecture

How

Guiding

?



LWA2conclusionsPart1

Part 2:Do the things right: light-weight architecture;Architectural Chaos or Bureaucratic Control?



Architecture Weight

scope (impact) ,

level of enforcement ,

size,level of coupling or

number of dependencies

= f (

)

weight (rule) guideline

portfolio

weight

multi-page

builds on

many rulesstand-alone

productcomponent

weight(architecture) = weight(rule)all rules

conditional

rule

mandatory

rule

single-line multi-line

low high

Rule

1

25 KgOn/Off

Rule

1Rule

2

Rule

1Rule

1

Rule

1 Rule

n



LWAarchitectureWeight

Scope and Impact

Business or Portfolio

Product Family

Product

Subsystem

Component

n

m

n

m

n

m

n

m

Heavy-weight

High impact

Large scope

Small scope

Low impact

Light-weight



LWAarchitectureScope

Criterions for an Architecture

Business

manager

Engineers

bottomline

future growth

guidance

understandability

accessibility

product feasibility

implementation

decoupling

solution freedom

being informed

functionality

performance

timely available

acceptable cost

Customer

Suppliers

Architecture

Feedback

Responsiveness

Solution Freedom

Communicable

EvolutionOpen



LWAstakeholdersArchitecture

Weight versus Effectiveness

Effe

ctiv

enes

s

architecture weight

for dynamic markets and fast changing technologies


ManageabilityIntegration

Interoperability

Providing control

FlexibilityEvolution

Responsiveness

Maintenance



LWAeffectivenessCurves

Conclusion Part 2

Effe

ctiv

enes

s

architecture weight

(for dynamic markets and fast changing technologies)


overall

effectiveness

Manageability

Flexibility

= Flexibility * Manageability



LWAeffectiveness

Light Weight How -To

weight(architecture) =

all rules

weight(rule)

2. Minimize the weight per rule

1. Reduce the rule set to the (business) essential

Understand

· your customer

· your customer's customer

etcetera



LWAlightWeightHow

Minimize Rule Weight

scope (impact) ,

level of enforcement ,

size,

level of coupling or

number of dependencies

f (

)

weight(rule)= minimize number of mandatory rules

empower, delegate

minimize implementation details

focus on essential concepts

Apply design principles on architecture

Multi-view architecting



LWAlightWeightRuleHow

Size example: from detail to concept

ARM 922T

ARM 9

ARM

ISA compatible

no constraint

minimize implementation details

focus on essential concepts

1. Reduce the rule set to the (business) essential

by the way, is this rule essential?

Every processor will be:

able to run VxWorks

OS compatible

heavy

medium

light



LWA2detailToConcept

Scope example

all programmable functionality

all programmable control

SW control > 10 kloc

empower, delegatescope (impact) ,

use ARM ISA compatible processor for:

heavy

medium

lightno constraint



LWA2scopeExample

Example product scope of rules

flat displayGSM phone

televisionwatch

car

Communicator

pda

pen

ARM ! ARM ? ARM ??ARM ?

and what about OS:

PalmOS, Symbian, WindowsCE, Linux,

VxWorks, dedicated kernel, ...and what about programming language, storage,

network, power, protocols, formats, user interface, ...



LWA2exampleProducts

Summary

Problem space

106

109

1012

home

server

digital TV

GSM

Operations/s

10-3

1

home

server

digital TV

GSM

103

106

109

1012

digital TV

home

server

GSM

Byte

10

application

infrastructure

1

100

monthsunits

106

103

TV

1

GSM

personalized

(skins, themes)

100

digital TV

GSM

10

manyear

1000

pe

rform

an

ce

po

we

r

sto

rag

e

time

to

ma

rke

t

vo

lum

e

effo

rt

Watt

2. Optimal architecture: Light weight !

1. Dynamic Market: Understand Your Customer

Effe

ctiv

enes

s

architecture weight


overall

effectiveness



LWA2summary

light weight architecture revisited: the way of the future?...gsm operations/s 10-3 1 home server...

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