li#ga#ng’the’groundwater’revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  ·...

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Li#ga#ng the Groundwater Revolu#on: Past, Present, and Future Stanford Law School April 17, 2014 Burke W. Griggs ConsulBng Professor, Bill Lane Center for the American West, Stanford University Kansas Special Assistant AIorney General

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Page 1: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Li#ga#ng  the  Groundwater  Revolu#on:    Past,  Present,  and  Future  

 Stanford  Law  School    

April  17,  2014  

Burke  W.  Griggs  ConsulBng  Professor,  Bill  Lane  Center  for  the  

American  West,  Stanford  University  Kansas  Special  Assistant  AIorney  General  

Page 2: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

The  Equal  FooBng  Doctrine  

   

H.J.  Inc.  v.  Northwestern  Bell  Tel.  Co.,  492  U.S.  229,  252  (1989)  

Madison  denied,  1788-­‐89    Ar#cle  IV,  Sec.  3,  Cl.  1:  No  help  at  all.    An  Inherent  aIribute  of  the  federal  union.    Pollard  v.  Hagan  (1845).    It  applies  to  water  rights.  U.S.  v.  Holt  State  Bank  (1926)      “Life  is  a  Fountain.”*  

Page 3: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014
Page 4: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014
Page 5: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

The  proper  borders  of  Kansas,  1859  

Page 6: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Arkansas  River,  near  Headwaters  

Page 7: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Arkansas  River  Basin  

Page 8: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Arkansas  River,  Lakin,  Kansas  

Page 9: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014
Page 10: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Peace  in  our  Bme?  

Page 11: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Technological  revoluBons  render  tradiBonal    warfighBng  obsolete.  

John  M.  Browning  and  his  Machine  Gun,  ca.  1910  

Page 12: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Western  waterfights  are  no  different.  

Page 13: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Res  Ipsa  Loquitur  

Page 14: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Nebraska:  the  hydrological  problem–  the  cause  

Page 15: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Nebraska:  the  hydrological  problem–  the  effect  

Harlan County inflows

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1000

's A

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Page 16: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Peace  in  our  Bme?  

Page 17: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

LiBgaBng  Kansas  v.  Nebraska  

•  Water  Resources  Engineers    •  Groundwater  Modelers  •  Hydrogeologists  •  Agronomists  •  Agricultural  Economists  •  Lawyers  –  To  connect  Kansas’  experts,  and  destroy  Nebraska’s  

•  Appearances  also  by:  Historians,  MathemaBcians  

Page 18: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Special  Master’s  Report,  11/15/2013  

•  For  Kansas:  –  “reckless  indifference”  by  Nebraska  –  Disgorgement  award,  +  damages  =  $5.5M.  More  than  Kansas  v.  

Colorado.  

•  For  Nebraska:  –  No  injuncBon,  contempt  finding,  or  river  master  –  EnBtled  to  a  change  in  Compact  AccounBng  Procedures  (10k  AF/yr)  

•  The  Indifferent:  –  What  is  the  federal  role?  SM  unconcerned  with  whether  NE’s  conduct  

to  comply  violates  federal  law.      

•  ExcepBons  briefing  complete  as  of  4/30;  Oral  argument  in  fall  

Page 19: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014
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Means  of  Compliance,  I:  The  Draining  of  Bonny  Reservoir  (note  absence  of  endangered  species)  

Page 21: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Nebraska  “AugmentaBon”  

Page 22: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

Means  of  Compliance,  II:  “AugmentaBon”  

•  A  Colorado  concept  •  Applied  to  an  interstate  

compact,  using  Ogallala-­‐High  Plains  Aquifer  water  

•  Colorado:  CCCP,  North  Fork  Republican,  15k  AF  

•  Nebraska:  PlaIe  and  Republican,  20-­‐30k  AF  

•  Groundwater  becomes  Surface  Water.  Through  a  process  of  AugmentaBon  by  SubtracBon.  Paging  Mr.  Orwell  .  .  .  .  

Page 23: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

1.  Gravity  >  Equal  FooBng  Doctrine,  So  LiBgaBon  is  an  ImperaBve.  

“Hypotheses  non  fingo.”*    F  =  G  (m1  x  m2)  ;  ergo,    

 d2    

“Water  flows  downhill.  I  am  not  interested  in  the  Equal  Foo#ng  Doctrine.  I  have  never  heard  of  it.  The  laws  of  the  universe  trump  all  human  doctrines,  even  those  ‘discovered’  by  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  whatever  that  is.”**    *Isaac  Newton,  Principia  Mathema9ca  (1688)    **  Newton  did  not  actually  say  this.  Powerpoint,  Microsoe  Word,    and  Google  constructed  this  sentence  in  response  to  a  search  query.  

 

Page 24: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

2.  But  Money  >  Gravity  and  Water.    

•  Water  has  a  subsBtute.  It’s  called  Money.  •  The  need  for  transacBonal  sophisBcaBon  and  beIer  water  markets  

•  Technology  and  Infrastructure  raise  the  stakes  of  interstate  conflict.  

•  How  will  the  Federal  Government  invest?  •  CO  and  NE  have  spent  $200m  on  the  Republican  (not  counBng  liBgaBon).  Kansas?  

Page 25: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

3.  As  the  law  breaks  down,  will  tradiBonal  boundaries  hold?    

•  Law  =  Compact  +  other  Federal  and  State  Laws  of  the  River  •  Water  supply  >  State  idenBty?  

–  Kansas  and  Nebraska  on  the  Republican  –  Kansas  and  Colorado  on  the  Arkansas  –  Texas  and  New  Mexico  on  the  Rio  Grande  –  CBM  interests  and  Tribal  interests  on  the  Yellowstone  

•   BalkanizaBon  and  Stranger  Bedfellows?  –  Water  Quality  on  the  Arkansas  –  RecreaBonal  and  Environmental  Interests  actually  harmonizing  with  

downstream  irrigaBon  interests  (don’t  get  too  excited)  

•  The  Future  of  Federalism  on  the  Great  Plains?  

Page 26: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

The  Ogallala  as  an  Interstate  Resource?  

•  276  MAF  withdrawn  •  8.3  MAF/year–  half  of  the  Colorado  River  

•  Declines  as  high  as  150  feet–  permanent  

•  Compact?  •  NaBonal  Aquifer?  

Page 27: Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17  · Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ Past,’Present,’and’Future’! Stanford!Law!School!! April!17,2014

THE  END  

“Thank  you  for  making  this  day  necessary.”  •  Yogi  Berra