03/05/2023

1Technology

SEMINAR BY:-

SANJUSH S

S8 EEE

AIT PALAKKAD

GUIDED BY:-VYSHAKH A PASST PROFFDEPT OF EEE

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2

WIFI & it’s

Problems

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3 From using wireless internet in a coffee shop or stealing it from the guy

next door to competing for bandwidth at a conference, the most probable cause of frustration is the decreasing speed due to more than one device being are tapped into the network.

If we have a limited internet plan, say for example 5GB for 30days, then we have to make sure that that our network isn’t being used by someone else( i.e. We have to password protect our network, thereby preventing unauthorized extra usage).

The radio waves used for transmitting data in WIFI networks has detrimental impact on human health.

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4Introduct

ion to

LIFI

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5 Light Fidelity: And this technology is called“Light Fidelity”, popularly

know as LIFI

Data Through Illumination: A German physicist, Dr. Harald Haas, has come up with a solution to address the problems with WIFI networks, he calls “Data Through Illumination”—taking the fiber out of fiber optics by sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow.

5G Visible Light Communication, Technology: LI-FI is 5G Visible Light Communication, Technology.

The light from light emitting diodes (LED’s) is used as medium to deliver networked, mobile, high speed communication:

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6Development team

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7 Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communication (VLC), technology developed by a team of scientists including Dr. Gordon Povey, Prof. Harald Haas and Dr. Mostafa Afgani at the University of Edinburgh.

Dr. Gordon Povey Prof. Harald Haas Dr. Mostafa Afgani

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8

History

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9 Professor Harald Haas, from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, is widely recognised as the original founder of Li-Fi. He coined the term Li-Fi and is Chairman of Mobile Communications at the University of Edinburgh and co-founder of pure LiFi.

The general term visible light communication (VLC), includes any use of the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit information.

The D-Light project at Edinburgh's Institute for Digital Communications was funded from January 2010 to January 2012.

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10 Haas promoted this technology in his 2011 TED Global talk

and helped start a company to market it.

In October 2011, companies and industry groups formed the

Li-Fi Consortium, to promote high-speed optical wireless systems and to overcome the limited amount of radio-based wireless spectrum available by exploiting a completely different part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

VLC technology was exhibited in 2012 using Li-Fi.

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11 By August 2013, data rates of over 1.6 Gbit/s were demonstrated over a single color LED.

In October 2013, it was reported Chinese manufacturers were working on Li-Fi development kits.

Philips lighting company has developed a VLC system for shoppers at stores. They have to download an app on their smartphone and then their smartphone works with the LEDs in the store.

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12Why LIFI....?

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13Present Scenario

More than 338 MillionMore than 1.8 Million

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14Issues Regarding Radio Spectrum

Capacity

Efficiency Security

Availability

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15Different Electromagnetic Spectrums and their potential

Radio Waves Infrared Visible Ultraviolet X Rays Gamma Rays

In sufficient spectrum for increasing data

Low power application

Which is not used so far.

Dangerous for human body

Used for hospitals and security checking

It is not used generally

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16How LIFI works?

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17

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18 White LED light bulbs: Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs at the downlink transmitter which is normally used for illumination only by applying a constant current.

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19 Optical output is varied at extremely high speed: The LEDs can be switched on and off very quickly which gives nice opportunity for data transfer in the form of Binary code. Hence, by fast and subtle variations of the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high speeds. This very property of optical current is used in Li-Fi setup.

Operational Procedure: The operational procedure is very simple-, if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if it’s off you transmit a 0.

Hence it is possible to encode the data into the LED’s by using a encoders ,we just have to vary at which LED’s flicker depending on the data we want to encode to give different strings of 0’s and 1’s.

UK researches say that using a micro-LED light bulb they have achieved a data transmission speed of 10Gbps using LI-FI.

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20

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21Non technical Perspective

10,000 times as broad a spectrum as the radio frequencies which Wi-Fi uses.

Light bulbs are made to flicker at extremely high speed that human eye can’t detect.

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22Properties of LIFI Light-based Wi-Fi: LIFI uses light instead of radio waves to transmit

information. And instead of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use transceiver-fitted LED lamps that can light a room as well as transmit and receive information. Since simple light bulbs are used, there can technically be any number of access points.

Unutilized electromagnetic spectrum is used: This technology uses a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is still not greatly utilized.

No major ill effect: Light is in fact very much part of our lives for millions and millions of years and does not have any major ill effect.

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23

Major Components

of a LIFI Communication System

SourceA high brightness white LED, acts as a communication source It’s guided by the PCB and powered by PA and is enclosed in an aluminum enclosure.

Bulb: The high concentration of energy in the electric field vaporizes the

contents of the bulb to a plasma state at the bulb’s center; this controlled plasma generates an intense source of light.

RF power amplifier circuit (PA): An RF (radio-frequency) signal is generated by the solid-state PA(Power Amplifier) and is guided into an electric field about the bulb.

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24

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25 Printed circuit board (PCB): The PCB controls the electrical inputs

and outputs of the lamp and houses the microcontroller used to manage different lamp functions.

Enclosure: All of these subassemblies are contained in an aluminum enclosure

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26Receiver A Silicon photodiode, which shows good response to visible wavelength

region serving as the receiving element.

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27Properties of Silicon Photodiode

A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into current. The current is generated when photons are absorbed in the photodiode.

Silicon photodiodes manufactured to cover a broad spectral range from the near infrared to ultraviolet and even to high-energy regions.

They also feature high-speed response, high sensitivity and low noise.

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28 Silicon photodiodes are used in a wide range of applications including

medical and analytical fields, scientific measurements, optical communications and general electronic products.

Silicon photodiodes are available in various packages such as metal, ceramic and plastic packages as well as in surface mount types.

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29

LIFI Network

s

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30LIFI Network

A few additional features required to provide the same qualities as an RF-based wireless network: A wireless local area network based on Li-Fi technology needs some additional features to provide the same qualities as an RF-based wireless network, without losing the main advantages Li-Fi technology is able to provide.

The missing links for a fully developed Li-Fi WLAN are elaborated in the next few slides

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31The Li-Fi room connector

Optical signals can’t penetrate walls.

Li-Fi room connector is a replicator who sends the data stream from one side of the wall to the other side of the wall via an optical fibre cables.

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32

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33The LIFI Router

Serves as connection to the external link: The Li-Fi router is the networks connection to the external link (fibre optic cable, DSL, GigE, etc.).

Useful for small office or home use with cloud & server functions: The application is mainly useful for small office or home use with cloud & server functions.

The product is however developed to a

proof-of-concept stage.

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34

Technical

Comparison

LIFI AND OTHER LEADING NETWORKING TECHNOLOGY

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35Technology Speed Data DensityWired

Fire Wire 800Mbps *****USB 3.0 5 Gbps *****Thunderbolt 2x 10Gbps *****

Wireless(Current)WIFI (IEEE 802.11N) 150 Mbps *Bluetooth 3 Mbps *IrDA 4 Mbps ***

Wireless(Future)Wi-Gig 2 Gbps **Giga-IR 1Gbps ***LIFI >10 Gbps *****

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36

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37Applications

of

LIFI

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38Hospitals

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39Hospitals

Places where Wi-Fi isn’t allowed due to radiation concerns: LIFI can be used in operating rooms where Wi-Fi isn’t allowed due to radiation concerns.

In invasive bio medical instruments: It may also be used in invasive bio medical instruments where it’s not safe to use other radio frequencies.

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40Avoidance of Street Accidents

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41In Vehicles and Traffic Lights

Avoidance of Accidents:

LIFI is sensors can be implanted in street lights, possible sending your car info about road conditions other warnings: One of the smartest application of LIFI is sensors can be implanted in street lights, possible sending your car info about road conditions, warning you about the guy you can’t see speeding towards the intersection, or instantly transmitting his plate number to the cops when he does.

Sensors implanted in front and rear bumpers could receive data transmitted from rear lights of other car:

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42Offices

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43Offices

Alternative to Optical Fibres: A common problem within offices is that fiber optic cable can’t afforded yet high speed internet is required. Li-Fi cheaply solves the office Internet woes and adds a layer of security to boot.

100 Mbps connections.

Encoded Transmissions: Plus, added encoded transmissions.

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44Web Access in Flights

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45Lecture Halls

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46Lecture Halls/ Seminars

Downloading notes from blogs of respective teachers: Often we encounter teachers telling us to download lecture notes from their blog in my time. With LIFI the notes could be downloaded by the students in the hall itself, so that they could follow along as the lecture progressed.

Interactive classroom with interconnected devices: Imagine how interactive the classroom could be with real-time interconnectivity between 500 devices.

Sharing questions not only with teachers but the entire class: Sharing questions with not only the teacher but the entire class, and no one need be left behind.

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47Incorporation of LIFI Sensors in Light Posts

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48Incorporation of LIFI Sensors in Light Posts

News Updates

Updates about Natural Calamity

Emergency Communication in Subway stations and tunnels, and other common dead zones

Cheap high-speed Web access to every street corner

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49Smart Museums

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50Smart Museums

Deliver much more information on pieces in their collection than those tiny cards they paste.

Learn about the artist’s history, listen to an audio tour, peruse recent auctions of their work, etc….

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51CONCLUSION

The possibilities are numerous and can be explored further. If this technology can be put into practical use , every bulb can be used something like a Li-Fi hotspots to transmit wireless data.

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52

THANK YOU…!!ANY???