lifespan chapter 13 online stud
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Chapter 13Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
© 2006 Pearson Education/Prentice-Hall Publishing
![Page 2: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
15-2
I. Physical Development in Middle AdulthoodA. The Double Standard
Middle adulthood > begin to be aware of gradual changes in body that marks the aging process.
Characterized by variations Better educated, more productive than a generation
ago. (Starts later, lasts longer.) Most educated, most affluent cohort.
Double standard in terms of appearance?
![Page 3: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
15-3
B. Biological changes (senescence)
Bio functions decline Sarcopenia – age-related loss of muscle mass and
strength exercise reduces the decline
Cartilage and connective tissue becomes less efficient joint stiffness and difficulty in movement
Visible signs skin begins to wrinkle and sag areas of pigmentation in skin produce age spots gray hair
![Page 4: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
15-4
B. Biological changes (cont’d)
Women 2X the rate of bone loss Bones break more easily and heal more slowly
Ht reaches a max during mid/ late teens to early 20’s; remains stable until ~ 55.
After ~ 55, bones become less dense; women lose ~2 inches; men lose ~1 inch in ht. Up to 4
Women more prone to declining height due to Osteoporosis
lack of calcium lack of exercise.
![Page 5: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
15-5
Osteoporosis
Sloping shoulders Curve in the back Height loss Back pain Hunched posture Protruding abdomen
![Page 6: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
15-7
C. The Senses1. Hearing
Presbycusis – Conductive hearing loss ~10% at 50 ~50% at 75 There will be large
increases! More men than women Men lose sensitivity earlier
![Page 8: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
15-8
D. Reaction time
Reaction time increases due to slight loss of muscle; slower NS processing
Can compensate
![Page 9: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
15-9
II. HealthA. Chronic health complaints
Arthritis Diabetes Hypertension Death rate between 40 and 60 is less than half
of what it was in 1940
![Page 10: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
15-10
Differences in health among blacks and whites disappear when holding SES constant.
Gender also makes a difference in health. E.g., Arthritis more common
in men < 45; in women > 45
B. Ethnic and Gender Variations in Health
![Page 11: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
15-11
Disability & Income Level
Why are workers living in poverty more likely to become disabled than those with higher income levels?
![Page 12: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
15-12
C. Stress in Middle Adulthood
Stress continues to significantly impact health during middle adulthood.
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
![Page 13: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Heart Disease: A woman’s issue too
![Page 15: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15-15
E. Heart Disease in Middle Adulthood
A) Modifiable Factors Stress High Cholesterol High Triglycerides Low HDL Cholesterol Lack of Exercise Diabetes High Blood Pressure Overweight or obesity Smoking /
Chewing Tobacco Type A personality/
Behavior
B) Non Modifiable Factors• Increasing age• Male• Family History
![Page 16: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
15-16
Death From Heart Disease Worldwide
![Page 17: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
15-17
E. Lung Capacity
![Page 18: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
15-18
F. Sleep Problems
Why are there more sleep problems in middle adulthood?
![Page 19: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
15-19
H. Cancer in Middle Adulthood
Cancer is associated with several risk factors. Genetics (family history) Poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol, sunlight, exposure to radiation,
occupational hazards (e.g., certain chemicals) With early detection (and sometimes without), survival rate is
VERY high for most forms of cancer E.g., breast cancer: 81% for < 45 years old; 45-64: 85%; > 65: 86%
Incidence of breast cancer increases with age: By 30 > 1 out of 2,212 By 50 > 1 out of 54 By 70 > 1 out of 14 Ever > 1 out of 7 (13%)
![Page 20: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
15-20
Cancer in Middle Adulthood
![Page 21: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
15-21
Psychological Factors Related to Cancer
Close family ties Group therapy reduces anxiety and
pain; increases survival rates. A + psychological outlook >
tendency to adhere to a strict treatment regimen.
A + psychological outlook may boost the body's immune system.
[next]
![Page 22: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
15-22
Psychological Factors Related to Cancer
![Page 23: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
15-23
Sexual Activity
![Page 24: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
15-24
Female Climacteric & Menopause
Female Climacteric –transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do so. ~ 45. The transition lasts ~15-20 years.
Perimenopause – changes in hormones beginning about 10 years prior to menopause
Menopause = cessation of menstruation for 1 year Irregular periods for a couple of years Drop in Estrogen and Progesterone production
Side effects vary Racial and ethnic differences. ~Half of women have few, if any, symptoms Men too
![Page 25: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
15-26
Results are complicated because many IQ tests include a physical performance portion.
Results may be due to physical changes not cognitive changes
III. Cognitive Development
![Page 27: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
15-27
Cognitive Development
Cross-sectional studies - older people scored worse than younger people on traditional IQ tests.
“Intelligence peaks at 18, stays steady until mid-20s, and declines till end of life.” Crystallized or fluid? [next]
![Page 28: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
(fluid intelligence)
![Page 29: Lifespan Chapter 13 Online Stud](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051312/547ae549b4af9fed2f8b46f7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
15-29
Memory
Most people show only minimal losses, and many exhibit no memory loss in middle adulthood.
Sensory memory and ST memory > no decline in middle age.
Long-term memory Some decline in middle age. Storage is less efficient. A reduction in efficiency
of retrieval. Effective strategies stave off
some inefficiencies