Life Science Ch 3 Cell Processes Matter Atoms smallest unit of matterAtoms Electrons- negative particles around the nucleus Nucleus center of atom Protons positive part of atom Neutrons particle with no charge ions Elements Another cool periodic table Ununoctium is a placeholder assigned until the element has been given a final name. Its discovery has been reliably claimed, but remains to be independently verified before a name is officially assigned. How Atoms Combine Compounds- 2 or more atoms chemically combined.Compounds Mixtures- 2 or more substances that physically combineMixtures mixtures containing compounds Organic Compounds (Macro Molecules of living organisms) All contain Carbon All living things are organic Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates 1:2:1 Ration of CHO (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Found in pasta, breads, potatoes etc Carbohydrates, cont Sugars are carbohydrates Sucrose table sugar Glucose simplest sugar (from photosynthesis) Sugars bond together to make complex carbohydrates called starches JOB: provides quick energy Proteins Made of CHON ( carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen JOB: build tissue Found in meats and beans Proteins, cont Enzymes proteins that speed up reactions in the bodyEnzymes Made of small unit called amino acids (AA) put together Lipids- fats Made of CHO Found in the fats of meat, butter, oils Job: stores energy Unsaturated Fats Nucleic Acids DNA Found in nucleus of every cell Contains all hereditary information Directs cell activity Nucleic Acid, cont RNA Works for the boss (DNA) Makes proteins Found throughout the cell Inorganic Compounds Compounds that do NOT contain Carbon H 2 O Water Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 - Calcium Phosphate in bones MANY others Cell Transport What goes in or out of a cell nutrients, Wastes Cell products oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water Oxygen molecules Sugar molecules Cell membrane Cell membrane controls what goes in and out- selective permeablility some stuff can move others not Diffusion Substances move from an area where there are many to an area where there are few EquilibriumEquilibrium point at which particles are equally distributed OsmosisOsmosis same as diffusion only the particles are water moleculeswater molecules Passive TransportPassive Transport- movement that does not require energy Active Transport Active Transport movement that requires energy molecules Enclosure Endocytosis- particles get engulfedparticles get engulfed phagocytosis engulfing LARGE stuffengulfing LARGE stuff Exocytosis particles are spit out of cellparticles are spit out of cell THREE KINDS OF TRANSPORT: Energy in Cells Trapping Energy for life Where do you get energy From the food you eat Where does the food get energy From the sun 2 groups of organisms based on where they get food Energy, cont 2 groups of organisms based on where they get food Producers photosynthesize Trap suns energy and put it in sugar (glucose) Make their own food Consumers Eat producers Cant make their own food "I MUST BE A HETEROTROPH I CAN'T MAKE THESE !!" Energy in cells, cont. Photosynthesis Process of capturing energy and trapping it in the bonds of carbohydrate sugars. Photosynthesis, cont. Pigments (such as chlorophyll which is green) trap the sunlight Photosynthesis, cont. Producers use some of their carbohydrates (sugars) for themselves0 Producers STORE some of their carbohydrates Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplastPhotosynthesis Releasing Energy for Life All organisms have to release the energy in the sugars This process is called cellular respiration (CR) Takes place in the mitochondria Glucose becomes ATP Fermentation Fermentation is Cellular Respiration WITHOUT oxygen NO ATP is made Instead lactic acid is made (hurts in muscles Yeast do this Make Carbon dioxide Also make alcoholalcohol