Life Science : Chapter 2

Circulation and Respiration

Life Science : 2.1

The Cardiovascular System

1. List five main parts of the cardiovascular system, and describe their functions.

2. Describe the two types of circulation of blood in the body.

3. List four cardiovascular problems.

Objectives:

The cardiovascular system consists of :The heart and the three types of blood vessels

that carry blood throughout your body.The blood vessels

ArteriesCapillariesVeins

Carry blood pumped by the heart.

Your Cardiovascular System

Cardiac MuscleYour heart is an

organ made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue.

It is about the size of your fist and is almost in the center of your chest cavity.

The Heart

Arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and to the body’s

organs.Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels that allow the exchange between body cells and blood.Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

Blood Vessels

Pulmonary circulation The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs

and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Systemic circulation The flow of blood from the heart to all parts of

the body and back to the heart.

Two Types of Circulation

AtherosclerosisHappens when

cholesterol builds up inside of the blood vessels.

Major cause of heart diseases.

Cardiovascular Problems

High Blood Pressure Hypertension

Abnormally high blood pressure.The higher the blood pressure, the greater the

risk of a heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, and stroke.

Heart Attacks and Heart FailureA heart attack happens when heart muscle cells die

and part of the heart muscle is damaged.Heart failure happens when the heart cannot pump

enough blood to meet the body’s needs.