life of justinian by theophilus.doc

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LIFE OF JUSTINIAN BY THEOPHILUS

http://penelope.uchicago.eu/Tha!e"/E/#o$an/Te%t&/&econa"!/'ou"nal&/EH#/(/Li)e*o)*Ju&tinian*+!*The

ophilu&,.ht$l

For the last two centuries and a half historians have been accustomed to quote, asan authority for several curious facts connected with the emperor Justinian andhis scarcely less famous wife the empress Theodora, a life of Justinian by acertain Theophilus, described as an abbot and as the preceptor of Justinian. Oneof these facts is the Slavonic origin of the family of Justinian, a circumstance notonly interesting in itself, but important as showing that Slavonic tribes hadsettled in Upper acedonia or !estern Thrace in, or soon after, the middle of the

fifth century, a date considerably earlier than we should otherwise be entitled toaccept. "nother is the so#ourn of the young Justinian as a hostage at $avenna inthe court of Theodoric the %reat, a so#ourn from which the future emperor musthave derived a &nowledge of the condition of 'taly under Ostrogothic rule ofsupreme value for his subsequent war against the successors of Theodoric." third is the opposition made by the mother of Justinian to his marriage withTheodora, and the fact that the graces and accomplishments of that lady did notprevent her from being regarded as a source of danger to Justinian and theempire. These points were all of historical significance. (ut of the authority onwhich they rest, of Theophilus himself, nothing has been &nown beyond the curtstatements of the undoubtedly learned writer who cites him, and whom all

subsequent historians seem to have followed as a sufficient voucher for thegenuineness and worth of the original Theophilus himself.

This learned writer is )icholas "lemanni, scrittorein the *atican library. 'n +-he published at /yons the first edition of the 0"necdota0 or unpublished history of1rocopius of 2aesarea, which, as all the world &nows, treats of the life, acts, andcharacter of the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora, of (elisarius andhis wife "ntonina. 'n the preface which "lemanni prefi3ed, and in the very full
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and valuable notes which he appended to his edition, he refers several times 1to a0/ife of Justinian0 by a p45 person whom he calls 0Theophilus Justinianipraeceptor,0 0Theophilus "bbas.0

"lemanni neither tells us where he found or read this 0/ife of Justinian,0 nor gives

us any other clue whatever to it. 'n fact, the e3tracts given in the footnote,together with the mention in the preface of 0Theophilus Justiniani praeceptor0 asa writer contemporary with 1rocopius, are all that he says regarding thispersonage, who is not mentioned by any other writer.

't came to be supposed that as "lemanni was himself an official of the *aticanlibrary, and had printed the 0"necdota0 from two manuscripts which he foundthere, the manuscript of this 0/ife of Justinian0 by Theophilus must also bepreserved in that library. $epeated searches were made, but failed to discover theboo& or any trace of it. /ater writers, however, assumed Theophilus to have beenwhat "lemanni0s references implied him to be, a contemporary and trustworthyauthority6 and went on quoting from "lemanni the statements regardingJustinian above given. ' need refer to a few only of the more important of thesewriters.

/udewig, the famous #urist and chancellor of 7alle, in his elaborate 0/ife ofJustinian and Theodora02 says of the 0/ife0 by Theophilus, after referring to"lemanni0s e3tracts, cu#us copia nobis non est6 and again, )omen (igleni8aeprodidit solus Theophilus, Justiniani biographus6 cu#us testimonium laudamusfide "lemanni, qui eum legit in membranis *aticanis 9p+-5:. 9"lemanni,however, did not say he read Theophilus in a *atican manuscript.:

p4;The learned 1hilippo 'nverni8i, in a note to the preface to his boo& on thereign of Justinian, sayssc.scriptoribus? quendam Theophilum historicumaddit "lemannus, quemfuisse Justiniani praeceptorem /udewigius putavit. @uis autem novus hicTheophilus fuerit, semper est ignoratum< nec /udewigius, nec 7offmannus, nec,cu#us fide creditur e3tare, "lemannus, demonstrare id veterum auctoritatepotuerunt. @uin etiam vir clarissimus %uillelmus Otto $eit8 in tertia adnotationead 7istoriam Theophili JCti Joannis7enrici ylii cap. ', solide "lemannumrefutavit. @uare ut opinor de hac re desitum est disputari. Ast autem qui censeathanc Theophili 7istoriam "lemannum in *aticana (ibliotheca legisse6 in quatamen cum diu et ab aliis et a me doctorum hominum et laudatae (ibliothecae

peritissimorum opera fuerit quaesita, nullus code3 profecto in quo e3taretTheophili historia, nulla est pagina reperta.3

%ibbon 90Becline and Fall,0 chapter C/: assumes Theophilus on the evidence of"lemanni. 0For this curious fact >that Justinian had lived as a hostage at the courtof Theodoric? "lemannus quotes a manuscript history of Justinian by hispreceptor Theophilus.0 9"lemanni, however, did not say that the history of
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Theophilus was in manuscript.: %ibbon quotes other statements, such as thenames *pravda, 'sto&, (igleni8a, without hesitation.

ore recent writers seem to have simply accepted and followed "lemanniwithout further inquiry, ta&ing the names he gives as genuine, and endeavouring

to e3plain their etymology. See among others Schafari& 90Slavische "lterthDmer,0vol. ''p+E: and U#falvy 90'mperator Justinianus %enti Slavicae vindicatus0:, bothpEof whom, li&e some writers of our own day, ta&e the Slavonic origin ofJustinian as proved by these apparently Slavonic names. )o one, however,e3plored the mystery of Theophilus and his /ife6 and the general belief has,' thin&, been that "lemanni drew upon some ancient manuscript of a real writercontemporary with Justinian, which manuscript, then in the *atican, has longsince disappeared. Theophilus had in fact passed into one of the minor riddles ofhistory, which there seemed no prospect of ever solving.

'n January +55, being engaged in studies relating to the history of Justinian andespecially to the Ostrogothic war, ' visited $ome, and inquired at the *aticanlibrary regarding the supposed manuscript of Theophilus. The officials of thelibrary, whose courtesy ' desire to ac&nowledge cordially, informed me that it hadoften been searched for, but in vain. "fter an e3amination of the manuscripts of1rocopius in the library, from which no light on the sub#ect could be gained,' determined to pursue my inquiries in some of the greater private libraries of$ome, following in this the advice given to me shortly before at Florence by thedistinguished head of the /aurentian library there, the "bate "n8iani, and by myfriend Signor %iorgi, head of the *ittore Amanuele library in $ome. 7aving heardthat )icholas "lemanni had been in intimate relations with the (arberini family,' proceeded to the library in the (arberini palace, and there, after a short search,found a manuscript entitled 0*ita Justiniani,0 written on paper of quarto si8e and

bound up with some other manuscripts in a small boo&. ' copied it out, and heregive the whole of it verbatim. 't is written on paper in a seventeenth centuryhandwriting, - cent. long by -E cent. wide 9about +E inches by 5:, is mar&ed(arb. CCC*'''.G;, has a modern binding on which, on the bac&, are the wordsSuares Opuscula, and is described as follows in the catalogue of the library madeby the librarian 1ieralisi< Opuscula quae erant inter schedas Josephi ariaeSuaresii alienis manibus e3aratas. 2od. chart. in fo. saec. C*''.4

The 0/ife of Justinian0 which is bound up among these opusculais followed by asort of commentary, which bears the heading 0A3plicationes.0 (oth the /ife andthe e3planations are contained in two sheets of paper 9folded:, and are in the

same handwriting. ' copied them out6 and the copy then made has been recentlycarefully collated with the original by Signor /evi of the $eale SocietH $omana diStoria 1atria, to whom my best than&s are due for this service. ' give here the te3tof the 0/ife0 and notes in full before proceeding to ma&e some observations uponthem.
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p+Ju&tiniani -ita.5

A3 opusculo continenti *itam Justiniani 'mperatoris scripto literis etcharacteribus 'llyricis usque ad annum imperii e#us 5E per (ogomilum 1astorem

seu "bbatem monasterii S. "le3andri martyris in Bardania prope 1ri8rienamcivitatem natale solum eiusdem Justiniani, quod opusculum asservatur in

bibliotheca monacorum 'llyricanorum regulam S. (asilii profitentium in monte"tho seu sacro in acedonia supra "egaeum mare. 7ic (ogomilus cum diutiusfuisset pedagogus Justiniani factus est episcopus Sardicensis dictusque a /atinis

et %raecis B B6vir magnae sanctitatis et in catholica religione tuendaconstantissimus.

)atus est *pravda (1)79nomen Justiniani gentili sermone: in 1ri8riena (2)8subimperio Ienonis $egis 2onstantinopolitani et 1atriarchatu "cacii novae $omae,

postquam imperatores in veteri $oma esse desierunt< quasi Beus vellet edere$egem qui recuperaturus esset occidentale imperium et cum orientali in

antiquum splendorem restituturus.

1ater e#us fuit 'sto&(3)e3 progenie et familia sancti 2onstantini (4)= magni$egis $omanorum et ma3imi monarcharum 2hristianorum. ater vero

(igleni8a(5)= soror Justini qui regnavit in nova $oma. 'sto&i soror fuit /ada,quae nupsit Selimiro (6)1rincipi Slavorum, qui complures filios habuit, inter hos

$echiradum quem singulari certamine, ut dicetur, interfecit Justinianus.

'sto& cum esset 'lne8,9hoc est, Bynasta inter Bardanos, dedit filio *pravdaepedagogum egregium sanctum virum (ogomilum(7)pastorem seu "bbatem

monasterii S. "le3andri martyris, vitae Justiniani scriptorem, qui puerum summa

diligentia sanctissimis moribus inde literis /atinis et %raecis instru3it. *erumcum ab avunculo Justino eni3e diligeretur, ab eodem ad castra trahebatur,

(ogomilo nunquam a latere adolescentis abscedente.

Tyrocinium deposuit #ubente Justino, qui #am pridem primos ordines$omanorum ductabat6 quo tempore idem Justinus contra 2aesarides(8)

Ienonidas pro "nastasio rege decertabat, cum avunculo miles in 'llyricumrevertitur ob (ulgaros $omanis cervicibus imminentes, a quibus cum esset

interfectus $astus(9)du3 militiae 'llyricanae cum primoribus Bucibus Justinus(arbaris occurrens plus nimio insultantes repressit.

At quia (ulgaris au3ilio affuerat $echirad(10)Selimiri filius, nec ullis precibusaut promissius eum Justinus a societate (ulgarorum abstrahere poterat, ob idque

simultas gravissima inter Justinianum et germanum suum $echiradume3arserat, unde ad #urgia et probra in quodam colloquio p-devenerant, res adsingulare certamen inter eos est deducta, in quo certamine Justinianus nondum

vigesimum annum attingens adversarium mira virtute ad ripas fluminis uravae9is /atinis est oschus: prostravit, quas ob res ingentia munera tum ipse tum

du3 militiae Justinus et e#us milites 'llyricani accepere. @uoniam autem
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periculosum vulnus in eo certamine Justinianus acceperat, 2onstantinopolimcurandus mittitur, ubi "nastasio regi acceptissimus fuit, qui eum studuit a verae

$eligionis cultu abducere, quod ubi (ogomilus pedagogus e#us animadvertit,sollicitus de salute adolescentis eundem ad Justinum in castra, mo3 in patriamad matrem viduam nuper ab 'sto&o relictam redu3it. Sed Justinianus pertesus

atrium domesticum brevi ad avunculum rediit, quem ad argum 1annoniaeoppidum reliquias e3ercitus Sabiniani Bucis a %othis fusi colligentem invenit,a quo ad Theodoricum regem %othorum "nalimiri10filium in 'taliam mittitur, ad

suorum Bucum, qui paulo ante Sirmiensem $egionem (ulgaris abstulerant,au3ilia impetranda, a quo benigne acceptus et au3ilia obtinuit et diutius tanquam

obses $avennae detentus quamdiu Justinus %othorum militum opera usus est,habitusque est Theodorico loco fratris, quin immo 'llyrico more fraternitatis (11)

vinculo sese colligarunt.

"d avunculum reversus cum Justinus nullam e3 *u&ci88a (12)con#uge sobolemsperaret, #ubente eo connubio illigatur, ducta (osidara(13)egregia puella, licet

reclamante (igleni88a, quippe quae indolem puellae alioquin scitissimae eteruditissimae sed sevioris et arrogantioris ingenii aliquando obfuturam fortunae

et pietati filii pertimescebat, praesertim quia vetula quaedam divinationibusaddicta (osidaram futuram *raghidaram (14)$omano 'mperio, infle3uramquerectitudinem *pravdae, e3 sortium augurio consulenti (igleni88ae praedi3erat.

*erumtamen mores tunc temporis e3cultissimi variarumque scientiarum peritiacum e3imia forma con#unctae apud Justinum et ipsum Justinianum

praevaluerunt, quamobrem (igleni88a paulo post moerore consumpta e vivise3cessit antequam fratrem fastigium $omani regni conscendisse gaudere

potuisset.

Trigenario maior cum "nastasius $e3 (ogomilum ad Sardicensem episcopatum

favore Justini promotum cum multis aliis episcopis ob 2atholicam $eligionem2onstantinopolim evocatos ve3aret, Justinianus cum avunculo Justino a Bucibus

'llyricanae militiae destinantur >sic? ad "nastasium obtestando nisi impetumtumultuantis militiae vellet e3periri ab insectatione 2atholicorum "ntistitum

desisteret, quorum libertate deterritus cum subornasset delatores qui eoscon#urationis in $egium caput initae accusarent, carceribus utrumque

mancipavit, mo3 in eosdem capitalem tulit sententiam. *erum apparentibus ei insomnio Sergio et (acho martyribus quorum cultus insignis habetur inter

Bardanos, et dira minantibus si homines innocentes et imperio digniores quamipse foret perdere auderet, absolutos cum episcopis 2atholicis dimisit, cui tamen

brevi Justinus regno successit.

Sub imperio Justini Justinianus dignam principe viro ecclesiam in 'llyrico subScodrensi urbe supra (arbenam fluvium Sergio et (acho martyribus e3tructam

dicavit. 'dem auctoritate avunculi Acclesiam olim a arciano oeconomo2onstantinopolitanae ecclesia 2onstantinopoli %othis concessam 2atholico rituper Joannem $omae veteris pontificem pconsecrari curavit, retento tamenpsalmodiae et liturgiae usu %othico sermone in gratiam suae gentis 'llyricae

eandem linguam cum %othis colentis. Justino succedens templum ad
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imitationem illius quod in $egia urbe divinae sapientiae dicaverat Sardicae(15)ingratiam Apiscopi (ogomili seu Bomnionis olim sui pedagogi condidit.

AC1/'2"T'O)ASquorundam nominum quae leguntur in praecedenti fragmentoobservatae per Joannem Tomco arnavich 2anonicum Sibensem11fragmenti

interpretem.

+.*pravda vo3 'llyrica derivata a 1ravda, hoc est Justitia.*pravdaautem cum illapraepositione*significat directam Justitiam, quo nomine ab 'llyricis

scriptoribus tam Justinianus quam uterque Justinus dicti sunt.

-.1ri8riena. 'ta scribitur patria Justiniani tam ab antiquis quam recentioribus'llyricis sita eo prorsus loco quo 1rocopius Tauresium ponit, nimirum inter

Bardanos super Apydamnum. 7oc "gathias de bello %othico (ederinam appellatet hodie sub Turcis inter fines antiquae Bardaniae et recentioris 7ercegovinaeseu Bucatus Sancti Sabae visuntur tam intra quam e3tra civitatem complura

vestigia et rudera e3imiorum vestigiorum aedificiorum estque titulus nunc 1etri2alitii episcopi nuper cum missione 1atrum Societatis Jesu ad curandas

2hristianorum reliquias sub Turcica tyrannide per acedoniam Bardaniam et1annonias misere gementum a SmoBno)ro1aolo* destinati.

.'sto& vo3 'llyricana Orientem significans intra nomina nostratum antiquisusitatior quam recentioribus, qui saepius nominibus sanctorum virorum quam

gentilibus appellare filios consueverunt.

G.Familiam 2onstantini professi sunt complures e3 'llyricis principibus usquequo a Turca sedibus pulsi cum familiis interierunt. 'ta $eges et Bespotae Serviae

$eguli Scardi montis, Buces S. Sabae, etc.

4.(igleni88a nomen 'llyricum ab albedine ductum, /atinis "lbulam sonans.

.Selimiri filii a Justiniano $ege saepius nomen regium super Balmataspetierunt nec unquam impetrarunt, eo quod $echirad Selimiri filius a Justiniano

occisus a (ulgaris contra $omanos stetisset.

.(ogomilus 'llyrica vo3 Beo carum significans.

5.2aesarides 1atronimicum nomen usitatissimum apud 'llyricos apud quos Iar$egem seu 'mperatorem significat Iarevichiut habet author 2aesaridae

interpretantur.

;.$astus nomen 'llyricum 2rescentem significans< hunc puto esse quemarcellinus 2omes "ristum appellat, Buctorem militiae 'llyricanae.

+E.$echirad nomen 'llyricum compositum a rechi, hoc est loqui, et rad, hoc estcupidum, ita ut requiradloqui cupidum significet. 2uiusmodi nomen aliquorum
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$egum %othorum in 7ispania fuit, quae tamen nomina ab ignaris linguae%othicae seu 'llyricae male per 1recaredos12efferuntur et scribuntur.

++.Solemnitas vinculi fraternitatis ad hunc usque diem tanti fit apud 'llyricos utnon solum inter 2hristianos homines credatur vera #ungi fraternitas, sed etiam

inter 2hristianos et Turcas habeatur validissima.

pG+-.*u&ci88a nomen 'llyricum lupae proprium. Unde /atini %raeciqueauthores scribunt u3orem Justini ubi is ad regum assumptus fuit /upicinae

nomen in Auphemiam commutasse.

+.(osidara nomen 'llyricum compositum a (ogh, idest Beo, et Bar, hoc estdono, ut (osidara nihil aliud sit nisi a Beo donata vel Bei donum, quod idem est

cum %raeco nomine Theodora.

+G.*raghidara nomen itidem 'llyricum, a*rag, hoc est Biabolo vel hoste, et dar,hoc est dono, compositum ut*raghidarasit diaboli vel hostis donum oppositum

Theodoro.

+4.Sardica progressu temporis a templo Justiniani Sophiae nomen ad hodiernumusque diem usurpavit. "nte fores dicti templi Justinianus nobile sarcophagum

(ogomilo seu Bomnioni santissimoviro e3citavit, carminibusque super crustasmarmoreas illustravit.13

The discovery of this manuscript and an e3amination of its contents give rise toseveral questions which ' shall endeavour to discuss as briefly as possible.

'. The first of these questions is< 's this the 0/ife of Justinian0 by Theophilus which"lemanni quotes in the notes to his edition of the 0"necdota0 of 1rocopius, and forwhose e3istence he has hitherto been the sole authority

On this it may be observed that all the facts which "lemanni gives in his notes onthe authority of Theophilus are found in this manuscript. They areJustinianum natum?, consulatum tamen reticet 9p5:. Subfinem "nastasii dominatus (y8antium venisse Justinianum trigenario ma#orem,Theophilus e#us praeceptor affirmat 9p;:. 7ac ratione et fide 9i.e.: Justiniani frater fuit Theodoricus %otthorum re3, ut TheophilusJustiniani praeceptor e3plicat 9p+:. *enit $avennam Justinianus planeadolescens, eoque missus est obses ad Theodoricum %otthorum regem a Justinoavunculo e3ercitus duce, ut Theophilus Justiniani praeceptor e3ponit 9p5:.Justiniani mater (igleni8a repugnabat >sc.quominus Justiniano Theodoradesponderetur?, quod cum evincere illa nequivisset, ut Theophilus in *itaJustiniani affirmat, moerore contabuit 9p5G:. Bu3it Justinianus Theodoramegregiam puellam, licet reclamante matre (igleni8a, quippe quae indolem puellaealioqui scitissimae et eruditissimae, sed levioris et arrogantioris ingenii aliquandoobfuturam fortunae et pietati filii pertimesceret, praesertim quia vetula quaedamdivinationibus addicta Theodoram futuram Baemonodoram $omano imperio,infle3uramque rectitudinem Justiniani e3 sortium augurio consulenti (igleni8aepraedi3erat 9pG+4:. (igleni8a soror Justini, mater Justiniani imperatoris. . . .)omen (igleni8ae Theophilus in *ita Justiniani prodidit 9pG+5:. SabatiusJustiniani pater 'sto(us appellatus est ab 'llyriensibus. Theophilus in *ita
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Justiniani 9pG+5:. Justinianus imperator 0prauda a suis gentilibus dictus est.'dem Theophilus 9pG+5:. "ntequam imperium caperet, a Theophilo abbatepraeceptore suo theologicis #am erat studiis imbutus Justinianus9pG5:.

,

2 J. 1. /udwig, Vita Justiniani at&ue Theodorae Augustorum1 necnonTriboniani2 urisprudentiae Justinianeae proscenium. 7alae Salicae, ++.

,

3'nverni8i, 1hil.,De rebus gestis Justiniani +agni, $omae, +5. !. O. $eit8 inhis edition of the paraphrase of Justinian0s 'nstitutes by the famous #urist

Theophilus, one of the authors of the 'nstitutes, says 9''.+E;, note to 2hap. ':that he is surprised that none of those who have written about the various

Theophili has mentioned Theophilus "bbas, the preceptor and biographer ofJustinian. 0' do not &now,0 he proceeds, 0whether this life of Justinian has ever

been published or still lur&s in the *atican library, for ' cannot find it anywhere.' thin& that this abbot was not our paraphrast, seeing that the latter died in".B.4G, and could not have written the life of Justinian who died in 45.

oreover, a preceptor could not have written the life of a person who lived to theage of eightyKthree. Forte igitur "lemannus humani aliquid passus est, qui

abbatem hunc eidem Justiniano cu#us vitam scripsit praeceptorem adsignaverit,quum alium Justinianium magni Justiniani e3 patre nepotem 9cu#us pater

%ermanus fuit quique sub Justino secundo contra 1ersas feliciter pugnavit etdeinde Tiberio imperatori insidias fecerit: illi abbati discipulum dare deberet.0

$eit8, therefore, also accepts "lemanni0s Theophilus as a good authority, though

he desires to put him a generation later than that to which his being theinstructor of the emperor Justinian would assign him.

So the learned /e (eau in his3istoire du Bas 4mpire9edition of St. artin,1aris, +5-: and . Bebidour in his very recentDissertatio de Theodora

Justiniani0xore91aris, +5: and in his monograph/5'mp*ratrice Theodora91aris, +554: quotes Theophilus without hesitation as an indubitable authority.So also r. 2. A. allet in the number of this $eview for January +55. "t p44

9note: of his monograph, . Bebidour doubts whether this Theophilus thebiographer of Justinian is or is not to be identified with Theophilus the #urist and

paraphrast of the 'nstitutes.

,

4Joseph aria Suares was born at "vignon in +4;; and died at $ome +. 7ewas a man of considerable learning, and soon after +-- was placed by 2ardinalFrancis (arberini in charge of the library formed by this magnate. 'n + 1opeUrban *''' 9uncle of the cardinal: named him bishop of *aison.
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,

5This title is written in a different hand from that of the S., and in different in&.

,

61ossibly we ought to read Bomnio6 seepost, p;.

,

7't is hard to say what the fifth letter of this word is, whether a uor an nor av,for the writing in the S.is obscure. (ut ' believe it to be av, and have

consequently printed the name all through as*pravda. The numbers in brac&ets,which in the original are placed over instead of after the words to which they

belong, refer to the4xplicationeswhich follow.

Thayer0s )ote< j(rac&etsj actually refer to what in modern "merican Anglish arecalled parentheses6 in this !eb transcription, these notes are mar&ed in the

following style = 9+: = and are lin&ed to the corresponding A3plicatio, and viceKversa.

,

8 'n the S. the words aut 1ri8riota, or perhaps 1ri8rieta6 are interlined in adifferent hand.

,

9$ead ne8, which in Slavonic means a prince.

,

10Ought to be"malamiri.

,

11So apparently in the S.$ead Sicensem.

,

12Or 1rocaredos.

,
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13"t the bottom of the last page of the S.are the words, written in a differenthand from that of the S., ad procopium "lemannus, f. 96 a little lower, the wordsmissum ab urbe.

,

14The 2ount of Sebenico writes to *enice of arnavich, in +-< orlacco, natoqui, quando suo padre era qui datiario per il Turco, poi cacciato suo padre perordine publico, alievo de0 %esuiti.

,

15 7e tells us 9p+G of the %egiae Sanctitatis 'llyricanae 6oecunditas: that(aronius 9who died in ++E: was so much moved by what he 9arnavich: toldrelating to 2onstantine the %reat, that tantus heros lacrymis prae pietate effusis,in meum proruens comple3um, magnas se mihi debere gratias, et a #uveneimberbi tali didicisse minime pudere, disertis verbis non solum sit protestatus,sed conscenso curru ad easdem 9nempe 2onstantini: sacras imagines adorandasstatim sese contulit. !as this at hearing that the emperor 2onstantine was aSlav

,

16. JireMe& remar&s that at this time the 7oly See favoured the use of thenational tongue in the South Slavonic countries, in order to combat the influenceof the boo&s printed in Slavonic at TDbingen by protestant Slavs from Balmatia

and 'stria.

,

17 "mong the wor&s of arnavich ' find references to the following< "ratio inlaudem 6austi Verantii ep. Chanadiensis 9*enet. ++:6 Vita #etri BerislaviBosnensis ep. Vesprimensis 9$omae, +-E:6 "ratio in adventu ad urbemSicensem illustr. viri 6r. +olini2 sereniss. %eipublicae Venetae legati 9*enet.+-:6 Sacra Columba ab importunis vindicata suae&ue origini restituta9$omae, +-4:6 0nica gentis Aureliae Valeriae Salonitanae Dalmaticae7obilitas 9$omae, +-5:6 %egiae Sanctitatis 'llyricanae 6oecunditas 9$omae,

+E:6 'ndicia Vetustatis et 7obilitatis familiae +arciae vulgo +arnavitiae7issensis2 per Joannem Tomcum eusdem generis9$omae, +-6 with portraitsof the author of *u&assin, &ing of Servia:6S. 6elix episcopus et martyr Spalatensiurbi vindicatus 9$omae, +G:6 Vita +agdalenae +odrussiensis sanctaemulieris 9$omae, +4:6 #ro sanctis 4cclesiarum ornamentis et donariis9$omae, +4. This is said to be the best of his wor&s:6 Vita Beati AugustiniCasotti ep. 8agrabiensis9*indob. +:6 translation into Slavonic 90'llyrian0: oftheDoctrina Christianaof 2ardinal (ellarmin 9$omae, +-:6 an 'talian life of
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S. argaret, daughter of (ela, &ing of 7ungary. 7e was also the author of sundrydramatic and other poems in his vernacular tongue, which he wrote with someforce and spirit. " life of S. Sabbas, which he left in manuscript, was published by'van /uciN at *enice in +5;.

,18 Further information regarding arnavich may be found in Farlati, 'llyriciSacri, tom. '*, pp5E, 5+6 Angel, 6ortgeset$te /itteratur der 7ebenl9nder desungarischen %eiches 97alle, +;5:6 Schafari&, -eschichte der s:dsla;ischen/itteratur 91rague, +54:6 "lberto Fortis, Viaggio in Dalma$ia9*enice, +G:.This lastKnamed writer accuses 9p+G: arnavich of having found in the papersof (ishop *eran8io, and published as his own composition, the life of (ishop1eter (erislav, which had really been written by "ntonio *eran8io a centurybefore, 0adding a few sentences to it to ma&e it appear to be his own, and leavingout the few lines which reveal the real biographer, "ntonio *eran8io.0 This charge

is doubted by %. %. 1aulovich /uciN, who, however, rebuts it only by saying that0our e3cellent arnavich left such rich and abundant fruits of his own genius thathe did not need to steal from any one else.0 'ts /atin is far better than that ofarnavich0s other wor&s, a fact which increases the suspicion. 1rofessor "rmin1aviN has written a full biography of arnavich in the Acts of the Academy ofAgram 9vol. CCC'''+54:, from which, as ' cannot read Serb, some interestingfacts have been supplied to me by . JireMe&, r. Avans, and r. !. $. orfill ofO3ford.

,

19

't is hard to ma&e out whether this boo& was ever printed. The abate "lbertoFortis 9already quoted: says arnavich wrote in +E un grosso manoscritto, chesi conserva ancora, quantunque sia un po0 mutilato . 1erhaps the S. is still insome $oman library. arnavich refers to it in one of his later boo&s 9the -entisAureliae 7obilitas: as written by himself 0olim,0 but without saying whether it hadbeen printed or not. !hen in $agusa some little time ago, ' was informed that acopy e3isted there, but it was said to have been sent to 1esth. y friend,r. "rthur J. 1atterson, professor of Anglish literature in the university of 1esth,tells me that no copy can be found in any of the three chief libraries of that city orin any of the libraries of "gram. Br. onrad aurer tells me it is not in theuniversity library at unich6 and has &indly ascertained for me that it is not in

the university library at TDbingen, which is rich in Slavonic boo&s of the si3teenthand seventeenth centuries.

,

20't is natural to fancy that the name (ogomil may have something to do with theremar&able sect, bearing that name in Slavonic vernacular, who subsequentlyarose in (ulgaria, and who are commonly &nown in history as 1aulicians. There
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does not, however, seem to be anything to connect this manuscript or the legendsit refers to with that sect.

,

21

'n the dedication of his boo& %egiae Sanctitatis 'llyricanae 6oecunditas9$ome, +E: to the emperor Ferdinand ''', &ing of 7ungary 9who ne3t yearnominated him as bishop of (osnia:, arnavich, wishing to prove that the houseof 7absburg is descended from 2onstantine the %reat, writes as follows

life of justinian by theophilus.doc

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