lidar surveys jim churnside noaa research. what is a lidar? operates like an echosounder, except...
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Lidar Surveys
Jim ChurnsideNOAA Research
What is a lidar?
• Operates like an echosounder, except with a short laser pulse instead of a short acoustic pulse.
• Operates from a small aircraft instead of a surface vessel.
• Penetrates to over 50 m in clear water, 20-30 m in murky coastal water.
Two Installations
Piper Seminole NOAA Twin Otter
Lidargram - Nearshore
Lidargram - Offshore
Intercomparisons
• Intercomparisons have been made with acoustic and trawl surveys
• Species include sardine, anchovy, herring, capelin, mackerel, and mixed schools (“baitfish”)
• Correlations are high if lidar and surface surveys are close together (within about four days)
Plus Camera (or Video)
• Images increase swath width, but with limited depth penetration
• Images help to identify surface returns• Lidar helps to identify image features• Camera generally not useful at night
(exception is low-light-level camera when bioluminescence is present)
Aircraft flight tracks20 flightsNov. 3 – Dec. 10, 2010
26 hours, day21 hours, night
10 000 km (San Diego to Beijing)
818 schools
Proposed Surveys
• Coast-wide summer survey• Fall southern California survey
• Either should be coordinated with a surface survey.
Hake Survey
Survey example
2005 hake survey lines spaced by 10 nmi and extended from coastline to 50 m water depth.
US portion accomplished with about two months of ship time at 11-12 kts (15,000 nmi).
Aerial coverage would require about 100 hours
Adaptive Sardine Survey
Budget
• Coast-wide survey - $400K, including $140K aircraft costs, $250K labor and overheads (based on day and night coverage equivalent to two months of ship survey)
• Southern California Survey - $115K, including $35K aircraft costs, $75K labor and overheads (based on day and night coverage of CalCOFI +)
• These are total costs.
Questions
• What is the best mix of ship and aircraft time to estimate sardine abundance and distribution?
• Do we need to oversample with both in order to answer the first question?
Research Vessel Cost
R/V New Horizon is intermediate class at $20,000 per day, or $1,200,000 for 60 daysDoes not include scientific personnel.
Survey Salary
• GS-12, step 5, San Diego - $40 per hour• 24% benefits + 88% overhead - $85 per hour• 12 hour day – $1000 per day• 2 scientists for 60 days - $120,000• Scientific staff of 12 for 60 days - $720,000