lidar for roads & infrastructure - website for roads.pdf · help in boq and cost estimate ......
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PA Spatial Solutions Inc.3600, Steeles Av East,Markham
ON, L3R 9Z7, Canada
LiDAR for Roads & Infrastructure
Our solutions for Infrastructure Developments
Roads RailsPower line
Telecom Urban Development Pipeline
4D LiDAR solutions in Transport Infrastructure
Pre - Survey feasibility report / DPR Support
� We start with technical viability study, location & layout
� Engineering survey and investigation, gradient & slope
� Preliminary design support for road, bridges and structures
� Layout of all facilities, features and assets
� Help in BOQ and cost estimate
� Land classification & utility relocation,
� We create contours and digital terrain models
� Route selections
� Road Alignment and land use
Survey Support� Inventory of roads, culverts, bridges, overpass, underpass
� Topographic alignment
� Road inventory survey
� Road condition survey
� Bridge condition survey
� Hydrology survey
� Drainage survey
� Cut and fill material analysis
� Geotechnical survey
� 3d topographic survey
� Generating digital terrain model
� Generating contours
� Horizontal and vertical alignment
� L-Section & Cross sections
� Land plan, ROW and existing assets
Post Survey Support
� Road Design – Data can be imported and used in MXroad
� Site Design
� Area mapping
� Road Alignment
� Asset & feature extraction for inventory count
� Pavement management & rehabilitation
� Right of way
� Establishing benchmark, center line and boundary stones
Companies using LiDAR Techniques
� Civil Engineering Firms
� Municipal Engineering Organizations
� Surveying Companies
� Land & Site Developers
� Landscape designing companies
� Department of Transportation
� National Highway organization
� Design and building Engineers
LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers
Cross-sections : This 2D section is taken through a point cloud and shows how LiDAR captures details of the terrain
Contour models : One of the most useful formats for engineering purposes is the laser data output as a 2D or 3D contour model in CAD or GIS format. The contour interval can be set to suit the terrain and the usual range is 0.25m, 0.5m,
3D surface : Using image processing software such as Terramodel the 3D surface can be shown as a shaded relief
Outline ground model
A simplified 3D model at 1:500 scale showing selected features such as boundaries, roads, top and bottom of slopes, bridges etc. It is much quicker to produce than the detailed mapping.
Detailed ground model
Outline mapping as above but also including an increased range of features such as vegetation and highway furniture, specified according to the project requirements.
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Formats include : DXF, DGN, DWG, MX GENIO, SHP, XML
LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers
EarthworksLaser point data outputs such as contour sets together with the high resolution imagery can be used to populate many of the feature fields for earthworks. Site inspections are still required but can be focused just on detection of smaller features such as tension cracks and seepages.
Vegetation : can be determined both from laser data and associated imagery with a high resolution of type, density and heights. Current LiDAR systems have good penetration through most vegetation types to provide ground surface data below canopy.
Drainage : High accurate hydrology model is made using LiDAR data for drainage information
AB
C
Earthwork InventoryContour data provides good definition of earthwork location, extent and geometry –particularly useful at grade separated junctions and where vegetation is extensive. Geo-referenced locations can be extracted.
LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers
Slope Instability0.25m interval contour datasets can be used to detect and delineate a wide range of earthwork slip features from larger crest-to-toe slips (A) to smaller or early stage slips (B,C). Spreading of the contours (B,C) highlights the midslope decrease in angle and the slight toe bulge in photo B is also visible in the contours. Backscars to 25-30cm height are detectable by contour bunching (C).
section through point data
AB B
C
LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers
Point data is already classified into ground points and various types of above ground features.
LiDAR deliverables for Road Design Engineers3D Models
Automatic Feature Extraction – Asset Management
Structure measurements such as bridge clearances and parapet heights can be extracted from LiDAR data.
High density point clouds provide a good representation of assets and other features
Accurate location and / or height data can be attributed to all pathway and receptor features. This can then be output as contoured, as shown below.
Accurate location and / or height data can be attributed
LiDAR data for areas already surveyed (e.g. for topographic mapping) is stored in the central archive in a raw format suitable for processing for multiple applications.
Point data is already classified into ground points and various types of above ground features.
Various Attributes of LiDAR data
360 Degree LiDAR DATA
• Scan under bridges
• Wires
• Moving cars
• Road sign inventory
How do we do it with LiDAR
� We provide top of the line surveying and mapping techniques
using proprietary methods & LiDAR hardware and software
� Highly accurate data – 8mm
� Very high resolution and point density - 300,000 pts/sec
� 3mm spot size as compared to 50 cm by satellite
� These cannot be achieved using Total Station or Satellite
Imagery
Comparison between satellite imagery and high resolution LiDAR data
Higher resolution
Laser beam divergence is 0.3milli radianLaser spot size at 100m is 3 cmSatellite imagery pixel size 50cm
Satellite LiDAR
Difference in DETAILS
Comparison between LiDAR and high resolution stereo satellite imagery and aerial photo
We bring NEW TECHNOLOGY & NEW TECHNIQUES to provideImproved accurate information faster
GNSS Receiver delivers the position information to the system
Latitude, Longitude and Altitude
IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) supplies accurate attitude data for the system
Roll, Pitch and Heading information
Odometry information is obtained via external wheel speed sensors or from the vehicle’s CAN bus
We bring NEW TECHNOLOGY & NEW TECHNIQUES to provideimproved accurate information faster
Mapping at New Heights===================================================
� New Laser beam measuring techniques
› Hardware
- GNSS
- IMU
- LiDAR
- Camera
- Computer- DMI
- Encoders
- Mounting
- Navigation
Monitoring aging bridge conditions using LiDAR
LiDAR Solutions to Bridge Conditions
� Aging Bridge Deck Condition – reliable and quantitative data
� Parking Structures, balconies and other structures
� Void Detection and location – Where?
� Bridge deflection and deformations
� Week point analysis
� Estimate structure condition
� Analysis for reinforcement
� Bridge deck thickness
� Pavement management
Bridge Loading Analysis:
Conventional Method Vs LiDAR
Current Method: Deflection Gauges and Stress Monitors
Setup:
• Shut down highway
• Manual placement of stress monitors and deflection gauges – labor intensive
• Inconvenient, dangerous
• 2-3 day job
Execution:
• Restrict bridge access
• Load bridge with variable weights
• Measure deflection
Bridge Loading Analysis performed using LiDAR
Setup:
• Setup unit under bridge
• Unobtrusive, eye safe
• No lane closure necessary
• Fast, safe, convenient
Execution:
• Restrict bridge access
• Scan bridge (no load)
• Scan bridge (with load)
• Direct scan to scan comparison to measure deflection
Bridge Loading Analysis: Case Study
Comparison of Results: LiDAR vs. Deflection Gauge
�LiDAR is able to detect bridge deflection of all three loads
�Detected deflection ~0.010 m
�LiDAR results nearly identical to deflection gauge measurements
DOT Applications
Subsidence MonitoringForensic ID ofrebar placementbefore pour
Bridge Analysis
Road crown/ruttingmeasurementPavement removal/ replacement quantification
Complete surface contour capability
Road Analysis
Bridge Survey while Driving
DOT Applications
Easily identifypavement
Marking/roadcondition
Facilitates rapidDTM generation of
road contours
� LiDAR use in Feature Extraction
�Asset Management
� Road Furniture Record Keeping
GIS Asset Management
• Utility Structure Location
� Fire Hydrants
� Utility Poles & Boxes
� Manhole Covers & Valves
• Road Sign & Traffic Signal
Inventories
• Tree Inventory
• Work Orders
Linear Corridor Mapping
Utility Right-of-ways
Energy Distribution
Roadways
Railways
Parking Lot Assessments
• Condition Assessments:
� Pavement
� Striping
� Lighting
� Signage
� Parking Space Inventory
Fused LiDAR Colored Point cloud
Benefits from use of LiDAR for road mapping :
• Minimal or no roadside exposure of surveyors to traffic
• Minimal or no Traffic Management costs and delays
• Increased speed of data capture and processing
• Reduced survey costs – often over 50% cheaper than ground
survey
• The survey accuracy can be varied across the route corridor to suit
different applications such as route selection, alignment,
earthwork volumes, design, noise mapping etc
• The outline ground model can be produced relatively quickly after
data capture. The detailed ground model can be processed for
selected areas as and when required.
• Imagery and data can be re-processed for other applications –
increases value of data set
• Viewer software enables integrated display of
• GIS Map
• 3D Point Cloud data
• 360 degree imagery
Panoramic and 360 ° Spherical ImagesDeliverables
Long Section created using MicroStation
•Cross Sections•Elevation data on
cross–sections
•Topographic contour maps
•Triangular Irregular Network model
Contour lines made from data captured.
Contour separation 0.5 ft (l), 1 ft
Elevation Cross sections
• Vegetation Analysis
• Infringement Analysis
• Track Clearances
Height of the trees above the top
center of the road
Height of overhead wires above the top of road
• Asset management
• Top-of-rail, switches, frogs,
rail/road crossings, over head
wires/ crossings & signals through
tagging
Switches and signage are clearly visible
Overhead Structures, fences, poles and
storage tanks
What makes us different
� We provide Engineering solution to real life problems
� We back our data with ground control, ground truthing
� We have very rigorous QA/QC techniques
� We follow ASPRS and FEMA standards for LiDAR mapping
� We have subject matter expert in LiDAR, Geomatics, GIS,
Remote Sensing, Engineering and Mapping field
�We Develop custom applications for our clients specific to
their need
Conclusion
LiDAR techniques are less expensive,faster and more accurate when comparedto traditional surveying methods.
Multiple products are extracted from onetime survey using LiDAR hence makes yourproject within budget and time withoutsacrificing quality.
Best in class for surveying DIFFICULTTERRAIN