liberty and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations
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Liberty and Conservatives Rely on Different Sets of Moral Foundations. Patricia Myint and GoEun Yu. Introduction. Discover the relationship to voting behavior Apply the theory to moral differences across the political spectrum within the US Liberals vs. Conservatives . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Patricia Myint and GoEun Yu
LIBERTY AND CONSERVATIVES RELY ON DIFFERENT SETS OF
MORAL FOUNDATIONS
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Discover the relationship to voting behaviorApply the theory to moral differences across the
political spectrum within the US Liberals vs. Conservatives
INTRODUCTION
Moral Foundations HypothesisPolitical liberals construct their moral systems primarily upon two psychological foundations—Harm/care and Fairness/reciprocity—whereas political conservatives construct moral systems more evenly upon five psychological foundations—the same ones as liberals, plus Ingroup/loyalty, Authority/respect, and Purity/sanctity.
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1,613 adults 47% female 53% male Median age: 29
Registered at Project Implicit websiteRandomly Assigned
Political self-identification (7 pt. scale: strongly liberal to strongly conservative)
Gender, age, household income, and educational level Implicit Association Test – political identification
STUDY 1
Pre-Study:
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Rate how relevant various concerns were to them when making moral judgments 15 moral relevance items 6 pt. scale labeled never relevant and always relevant. 16th item serves a check
METHODS
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RESULTS/DISCUSSION
Different Models tested• Covariates
• Age• Gender• Education level• Income
• Multigroup Version • United States• United Kingdom• Canada
• No difference
• Individualizing foundations – liberals• Binding foundations – conservatives • Liberals – more likely to consider individualizing concerns
more morally relevant than binding concerns• Differences were neither binary or absolute
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2,212 volunteers 62% female 38% male Median age: 32 Only citizens/residents of the US
Three part study: Moral relevance items
Answered as oneself, liberal, or conservative Moral judgment items
6 pt. scale: strongly disagree to strongly agree Answered as oneself, liberal, or conservative
Political Identity Measured with IAT Two concept categories (liberal/conservative) Two identity attributes (self/other) Stimuli: well-known political figures and words corresponding to “self” or
“other”.
STUDY 2
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Retained assessment from study 1 and added more concrete items Trigger moral intuitions that play an important role in moral
judgmentFour targets of judgment
One normative ideal One statement about government policy One hypothetical scenario One positive virtue
Randomly assigned to receive four of the six self-reported measures
METHODS
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DISCUSSION
Conservatives agreed with individualizing foundation judgments less than liberals.
Hypothesis Supported!• Liberals made a big
distinction between the individualizing and binding foundations
• Conservatives weighted the two more or less equally
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STUDY 3 : MORAL TRADE-OFFS
Unwillingness to violate the foundations for moneyMore personal and visceral“sacred values” vs. profane value
“Liberals would be less likely to see trade-offs related to the binding foundations as violations of sacred values and, therefore, would be more willing to perform these actions for some amount of money”
• Paricipants– 8,193 adults, 40% female– 13% Libertarians
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Try to imagine actually doing the following things, and indicate how much money someone would have to pay you (anonymously and secretly) to be willing to do each thing. For each action, assume that nothing bad would happen to you afterwards. Also assume that you cannot use the money to make up for your action. If you prefer to think about Euros or any other currency, please do. The exact amounts are not very important.
Harm:• Kick a dog in the head, hard• Shoot and kill an animal that is a member of an en-
dangered species• Make cruel remarks to an overweight person about
his or her appearancePurity:• Sign a piece of paper that says “I hereby sell my soul,
after my death, to whoever has this piece of paper”• Cook and eat your dog, after it dies of natural causes• Get plastic surgery that adds a 2-inch tail on to the end
of your spine
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Utilitarian
Deontological
Liberitarian?
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STUDY 4 : MORAL TEXTS
Word use, “frames”Sermons
Unitarian Universalist Southern Baptist
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STUDY 4 : MORAL TEXTS
69 liberal, 34 conservative sermonsLIWC dictionarySupplemental programFour independent raters
fair, fairly, fairness, fair*, fairmind*, fairplay, equal*, justice, justness, justifi*, reciproc*, impartial*, egalitar*, rights, equity, evenness, equivalent, unbias*, tolerant, equable, balance*, homologous, unprejudice*, reasonable, constant, honest*, unfair*, unequal*, bias*, unjust*, injust*, bigot*, discriminat*, disproportion*, inequitable, prejud*, dishonest, unscrupulous, dissociate, preference, favoritism, segregat*, exclusion, exclud*
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?
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DISCUSSIONBinding foundations – sources of immoralityLimitation
Sampling : self-selection Measurements were picked out Self-reported ratings Unidimentional Correlation