liberal democrat london 2012 manifesto

8/2/2019 Liberal Democrat London 2012 Manifesto

1/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco

Fkdgkd Fbioynf Gohkjynw hndb`ozwk `ky wao 99

Hnrkynf ndg Fkdgkd Nzzohifr Ofojwbkdz

ZOYBK_Z ZKF_WBKDZ$ @KY FKDGKD$

N Fbioynf Gohkjynw Hnrky ndg Nzzohifrnhibwbkuz `ky Fkdgkdz `uwuyo

FBIOYNF

GOHKJYNWZ


2/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco >k`:0

Fbioynf Fkdgkd=@NBYOY$ CYOODOY$ ZN@OY$

Saod wbhoz nyo wkuca bw bz dnwuynf wk wuyd bdsnygz& wk |fnr bw

znò ndg zow rkuyzbcawzfks$ Wanw bz udgoyzwndgnifo iuw bw

zoffz Fkdgkd zakyw$ Wao Fbioynf Gohkjynwz anpo n |kzbwbpo

ndgnhibwbkuz pbzbkd `kyn iowwoyFkdgkd$ Yngbjnf ndg

yonfbzwbj& n Fbioynf Fkdgkd skufg io `nbyoyndg cyoodoy&

hngo |kzzbifo iojnuzobw bz znòy$

@ykhjuwwbdc jybho wkeoo|bdc `nyoz fks& wnjefbdc rkuwa

udoh|fkrhodw ndg iubfgbdc wakuzndgz k`dosakhoz& wao

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz anpo zoybkuz zkfuwbkdz wk waojn|bwnfz ibccozw janffodcoz$

Sbwawao Hnrkyk`Fkdgkd dksnfzk wao jbwrz\kfbjo ndg JybhoJkhhbzzbkdoy& wabz bz n

gbòyodw ebdgkòfojwbkd$ Soanpowao oq|oybodjo wk eoo| Fkdgkdoyz znò ndg yozwkyo wyuzw

bd wao Howyk|kfbwnd \kfbjo$ Kuypbzbkd anz wao znòwr k`Fkdgkdoyz nz bwz iogykje$

Bw bz nfzk n gbòyodw ebdg kòfojwbkd `ky Fbioynf Gohkjynwz$ @kywao `byzwwbho so n||yknja

wabz ofojwbkd nz n |nywr k`dnwbkdnf ckpoydhodw$ Fbioynf Gohkjynwz bdwao Jknfbwbkd

Ckpoydhodw nyogkbdc wao ybcaw wabdc `kywaosakfo jkudwyr& jfondbdcu|Fnikuyz hozz

ndgjuwwbdc wnqoz `kyskyebdc |ok|fo$ Fkdgkdoyz jnd fkke nw uz bdn dosfbcaw& edksbdcwabz

bz wao hndbòzwk k` nzoybkuz& jyogbifo |nywr jn|nifo k` ckpoydbdc Fkdgkd$

_dgoyikwaEodFbpbdczwkdo ndg Ikybz Mkadzkd& Fkdgkd anz `nffod zakyw k`bwz |kwodwbnf$

N`woy >9 fkdc ronyz waor fonpo ioabdgn Fkdgkdsbwa oq|odzbpo ndg kpoyjyksgog|uifbj

wyndz|kyw5 n Fkdgkd saoyoyodwz nyowkk abca ndgnhibwbkd wkkfks5ndg n Fkdgkd zjnyyog

ir waoskyzw ybkwzbd n codoynwbkd$

Bw bz wbho `kyn jandco$ Bw bz wbho `kyzkhowabdc iowwoy$ Bw bz wbho `kyn Fbioynf Fkdgkd$

Rkuyz zbdjoyofr&

Iybnd \nggbje ndgJnykfbdo\bgcokdFbioynf Gohkjynw jndgbgnwoz `kyHnrky ndg Go|uwr Hnrkyk`Fkdgkd

GonyFkdgkdoy&


3/38


@YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$Kuy Jkhhbwhodwz wk Rku$

\KFBJO NDG \_IFBJ$

ZWNDGBDC WKCOWAOY$

Fkdgkd ang wao skyzw ybkwz `ky n codoynwbkd fnzwzuhhoy$ N pkwo `ky Iybnd \nggbje ndg waoFbioynf Gohkjynwz bd Hnr sbff zodg n |ksoy`ufhozznco wanw Fkdgkdoyz anpo ang odkuca k`abca fopofz k` jybho ndg |kky jkhhudbwryofnwbkdz sbwa wao |kfbjo bd kuy jn|bwnf jbwr$

Bwz wbho `ky wao |kfbjo ndg |uifbj wk zwndg zbgo(ir(zbgo wkcowaoy ncnbdzw wao jybhbdnfz$

Nz Hnrky Iybnd \nggbje sbff nfzk wneo u| waok``bjo k` \kfbjo ndg Jybho Jkhhbzzbkdoy `kyFkdgkd bdzwong k` gofocnwbdc bw wk n go|uwr ndgsbff |oyzkdnffr fong n dos oyn k` wkuca ndg

yoz|kdzbpo |kfbjbdc bd Fkdgkd$

Dos Rkye zwrfo jybho yogujwbkdz `ky rkuydobcaikuyakkg

Hkyo ikiiboz kd wao ionw$ So sbffcunyndwoo ::?


4/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco : k` :0

zodwodjbdc

Zuypbpkyz k` yn|o wk io iowwoy zu||kywogndg wneod zoybkuzfr$ Cunyndwoog `udgbdc`ky yn|o jybzbz jodwyoz ndg yowynbdbdc k`|kfbjo wk ynbzo nsnyodozz ( fnzw rony ::>9

yn|oz soyo yojkygog iuw Fkdgkd jkuywzjkdpbjwog muzw 9>2 |ok|fo

Abca zwndgnygz `ky |kfbjo

Iowwoy zwk| ndg zonyja$ So sbff zwk||kfbjo wnycowbdc bddkjodw |ok|fo ndgnjjuynwofr wnycow wao |ksoy kd jybhbdnfz$Zwk||bdc |ok|fo muzw iojnuzo waor nyo `ykhhbdkybwr owadbj jkhhudbwboz gozwykrz wyuzwndg snzwoz wbho wanw jkufg io iowwoy z|odw

wnycowbdc yonf jybhbdnfz N dos bdgo|odgodw |uifbj jkhhbzzbkdoy

`ky zwndgnygz$ So sbff jyonwo n |kfbjbdckhiugzhnd `ky Fkdgkd wk od`kyjo wkucandg jfony zwndgnygz k` jkdgujw kpoyioanpbkuyz wanw anpo iykucaw wao |kfbjo bdwkgbzyo|uwo zuja nz niuzbdc zwk| ndg zonyjaynjbzw nwwbwugoz ndg jkyyu|w yofnwbkdz sbwa waohogbn

ir hkyo wand wao ynwo k` bd`fnwbkd

Zbq Snrz wk Znpo$ Kuy |njenco k` `nyo

yogujwbkdz sbff jkdjodwynwo aof| saoyo bw bz

hkzw doogog=

Onyfr Ibyg gbzjkudwz `ky Wuio W`F

ynbf ndg GFY wynpoffoyz uzbdc wao

dowskye io`kyo 3$:


5/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco 7 k` :0

MKIZ NDG K\\KYW_DBWBOZ @KY NFF$

Nfkdczbgo wao oqwyoho sonfwa k` wao Jbwr fbpohndr |ok|fo odguybdc zkho k` wao skyzw |kpoywrndg zkjbnf go|ybpnwbkd bd Iybwnbd$ Ck obcaw zwk|zonzw kd wao Muibfoo Fbdo `ykh Sozwhbdzwoy ndgrkuy fbò oq|ojwndjr `nffz kdo rony `ky opoyrzwnwbkd$ _dgoyfrbdc wabz gbzhnf yojkyg bz wao njwwanw Fkdgkd zu`òyz wao zojkdg abcaozwudoh|fkrhodw ynwo k` ndr yocbkd bd Iybwnbd$

N dos gonf `ky rkudc Fkdgkdoyz

N Fkdgkd Rkuwa Jkdwynjw$ So sbff odzuyo

nff mkifozz rkudc Fkdgkdoyz sak n||fr n`woyfonpbdc zjakkf ndg ncog u| wk 9? nyo|ykgujwbpofr odcncog bd skye ky bd fonydbdcfbdeog wk n codubdo mki k||kywudbwr skyebdcsbwa oh|fkroyz wk jyonwo nd N||yodwbjozab|Nffbndjo ndg odzuyo cyngunwoz cow zbqhkdwaz yonf skye oq|oybodjo fongbdc wk nmki

Ngufw Zebffz$ So sbff iybdc wao 0?:hz|odw bd Fkdgkd onja rony kd ngufw zebffz

wynbdbdc udgoy wao jkdwykf k` wao Hnrky ndgn||kbdw n dos |ksoyùf Iuzbdozz Iknyg wk|uw oh|fkroyz ndg iuzbdozz bd wao fong

@bpo(Zwny @udg$ So sbff zow u| n ùdg skywanw fonzw >n dbcaw fuquyr akwof iogykkh fopr wk jk(ùdg rkuwa k||kywudbwboz bd doogr nyonz

Rkuwa Auiz$ So sbff skye sbwa indez kdùdgbdc wao gopofk|hodw njykzz Fkdgkd k`Rkuwa Auiz k|od zopod gnrz n sooe ndgbd wao opodbdcz saoyo rkudc |ok|fo nzsoff nz zkjbnfbzbdc jnd yojobpo ngpbjo ndgzu||kyw

Njjozz wk ogujnwbkd$ So sbff hneo zuyodk rkudc Fkdgkdoy bz gowoyyog `ykhodwoybdc n zubwnifo ùywaoy ky abcaoyogujnwbkd jkuyzo iojnuzo k` `bdndjbnfjkdjoyd ir janddoffbdc ogujnwbkdnfiuyznyboz waykuca odandjog jnyooyz ngpbjobd zjakkfz

Zu||kywbdc odwoy|ybzo ndg wao mkiz k` wao uwuyo

So sbff ozwnifbza n Fkdgkd Zhnff

Iuzbdozz @udg$ So sbff skye sbwa zkjbnffr

yoz|kdzbifo indez zk nff pbnifo zhnff

odwoy|ybzoz cow wao `bdndjo waor doog sbwa

hodwkybdc zu||kyw ndg ngpbjo wkk

So sbff ozwnifbza n Fkdgkd Cyood

Bdpozwhodw Inde wk jk(ùdg wao bdguzwybozk` wao ùwuyo ndg wyndz`kyh Fkdgkd bdwk n

jodwyo k` gbcbwnf wojadkfkcr

BDPOZWBDC WK COW FKDGKD HKPBDC$

Fkdgkdz wyndz|kyw bz nw iyonebdc |kbdw$ Yojkygduhioyz jynh bdwk wao udgoycykudg wynbdz ndgiuzoz n gnbfr dbcawhnyo `ky hbffbkdz sak

jkhhuwo sabfo ykngz yohnbd wkk gndcoykuz `kyjrjfbzwz ndg |ogozwybndz$

Bdpozwbdc `ky n iowwoy zoypbjo

Ifkje jfkzuyoz$ So sbff odg wao hbzoyr k`hkdwaz k` sooeodg jfkzuyoz z|oogbdc u|skye wk bdjyonzo jn|njbwr waykuca ifkjejfkzuyoz ndg iybdc `kysnyg zjaohoz `kyufwyn fbcaw ynbf wynh ndg nggbwbkdnf iuzoz bd

ingfr zoypog nyonz ndg kd kpoyjyksgogykuwoz

So sbff jyonwo n Fkdgkd Wyndz|kyw Ikdgwk ynbzo nggbwbkdnf bdpozwhodw ùdgz k|od wkkygbdnyr Fkdgkdoyz zk waor cow n ckkgyowuyd kd waoby znpbdcz nz soff

So sbff juw Wyndz|kyw `ky Fkdgkd jkzwzwk wao iozw bdwoydnwbkdnf zwndgnygz ndgbdjyonzo yopoduo `ykh bwz nzzowz fbeo pnjndwfndg waykuca n gogbjnwog Fkdgkd \yk|oywr

Ncodjr

Fkdgkdz Rkuy Krzwoy

So sbff cbpo akfgoyz k` Krzwoyjnygz nyonf znr bd aks waoby dowskye bz yud muzw nz


6/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco ? k` :0

ibc jkh|ndboz anpo wk ndzsoy wk waoby

zanyoakfgoyz ir uzbdc oqbzwbdc jkdwnjw

gownbfz wk jkdzufw waykuca ohnbf ndg |akdo(

bd pkwoz

N Fkdgkd Jkhhuwoy Zoypbjo wk wneo kpoy

wao zuiuyind ynbf ykuwoz uzog ir hbffbkdz k`|ok|fo n sooe zwnywbdc sbwa zkho

ZkuwaOnzwoyd ndg Onzw Ndcfbn ykuwoz

Jfond& zn`o& aonfwar

Ibc Zsbwja$ So sbff hneo n Ibc Zsbwja zk

nff Fkdgkdz iuzoz ndg wnqbz ndg hkzw

jkhhoyjbnf pndz yud kd ofojwybjbwr ir 9


7/38


Jfond odpbykdhodw

N }oyk jnyikd Fkdgkd ir 9


8/38


@YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$Kuy Jkhhbwhodwz wk Rku$

N Hnrky ndg Nzzohifr nhibwbkuz `kyFkdgkdz `uwuyo

@uff Hndb`ozwk

Jkdwodwz

\nco= 2 Wao Fbioynf Gohkjynw n||yknja

\nco= >> \kfbjo ndg |uifbj zwndgbdc wkcowaoy

\nco= >? Hkdor bd rkuy |kjeow

\nco= >3 Mkiz ndg k||kywudbwr `ky nff

\nco= 99 Bdpozwbdc wk cow Fkdgkd Hkpbdc

\nco= 91 N gojodw n``kygnifo akho `ky opoyr Fkdgkdoy

\nco= :9 Zuzwnbdnifo fbpbdc bd Fkdgkd

\nco= :0 Fkdgkd nw |fnr


9/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \ncoYOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco 1 k` :0

N Hnrky ndg Nzzohifr nhibwbkuz `kyFkdgkdz ùwuyo

WAO FBIOYNF GOHKJYNW N\\YKNJA$

Dks hkyo wand opoy so doog n Hnrky ndgNzzohifr sak nyo bd wkuja sbwa kygbdnyrFkdgkdoyz$

Wabz hondz n Hnrky ndg Nzzohifr kd rkuyzbgo$$$

b` rku nyo rkudc ndg doog n mki ( yonfk||kywudbwboz wk cow wynbdbdc

b` rku nyo ònyùf nikuw jybho ( |kfbjo|nwykffbdc rkuy zwyoowz juwwbdc jybho ndg kuwskyebdc sbwa rkudc |ok|fo dkw znw ioabdgwaoby gozez

b` rku doog wk cow wk skye ky kuw ndg nikuwnw wao sooeodg ( fozz jyksgog ndg hkyoyofbnifo wynbdz wuioz ndg iuzoz sbwa `nyozrku jnd n``kyg

b` rkuy yodw bz wkk abca ( hkyo ndg iowwoyakuzbdc ndg n jynjegksd kd ykcuofndgfkygz

b` rku nyo skyybog nikuw rkuy ùwuyo soff(iobdc bd n auco jbwr fbeo Fkdgkd aonfwarnby wk iyonwao fozz |kffuwbkd ndg nzuzwnbdnifo ùwuyo `ky rku ndg rkuy `nhbfr

b` rkuy `bdndjoz nyo wbcaw n cunyndwoo wk`yoo}o wao CFNz zanyo k` wao Jkudjbf Wnq

Yuddbdc Fkdgkd

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz iofbopo bd n iowwoy snr wk yudckpoydhodw dkw wao so edks iozw n||yknjak` kwaoy |nywboz iuw codubdofr bdjfugbdc jbwb}odz bdgojbzbkdz wanw n`òjw waoby fbpoz ndg k|odbdc u|ckpoydhodw wk bdgo|odgodw zjyuwbdr$

So sbff=

jkdzufw Fkdgkdoyz kpoy `nyoz muzw nz waoyobz n focnf yo~ubyohodw wk jkdzufw nikuw

Jkudjbf Wnq

zow u| nd bdgo|odgodw K``bjo k` Iugcow ndg\oy`kyhndjo hkgoffog kd Nhoybjnd jbwbozfbeo Dos Rkye wk |ykpbgo wkuca pnfuo(`ky(hkdor nugbwz k` oq|odgbwuyo

odzuyo opoyr gojbzbkd wneod ir wao CFNndg bwz `nhbfr k` ncodjboz oq|fbjbwfrnggyozzoz wao fbeofr bh|njwz kd mkiz aonfwa`nbydozz ndg odpbykdhodw

n||kbdw n jykzz(|nywr gbpoyzo jnibdowbdjfugbdc bdgo|odgodw oq|oywz wk yud Jbwr

Anff bd wao fkdc(woyh bdwoyozwz k` Fkdgkdoyznz n sakfo

akfg n hkdwafr |yozz jkdòyodjo bdpkfpbdcwao Hnrky ndg wao Nzzohifr zk Fkdgkdzhogbn cowz njjozz wk wao |kfbwbjbndz sakhneo wao gojbzbkdz wanw n`òjw Fkdgkdoyzfbpoz

zow u| n jkdzufwnwbpo jkudjbf k` n jykzz(zojwbkd k` Fkdgkdz jkhhudbwboz

yo|yozodwnwbpo k` Fkdgkdz gbpoyzo owadbjbwrndg jufwuyoz bdjfugbdc iuzbdozzoz ndgwyngo udbkdz rkudc ndg kfg gbznifog ndgnifo(ikgbog nfbeo

Wao Cyonwoy Fkdgkd Nuwakybwr bz jandcbdc `ykhn |uyofr zwynwocbj cubgbdc ikgr wk kdo wanw anzdos |ksoyz wk gofbpoy zoypbjoz ndg wneo waobdbwbnwbpo wk yocodoynwo Fkdgkd$ Dos |ksoyz nyojkhbdc `ky wao Nzzohifr wkk hnebdc bw hkyo

bh|kywndw wand opoy wk anpo n zwykdc cyku| k`Fbioynf Gohkjynw Nzzohifr Hohioyz zwndgbdcu| `ky Fkdgkdoyz$

Wabz hndbòzwk gkoz dkw muzw |yk|kzo bhhogbnwo|kfbjr jkhhbwhodwz5 bw nfzk zowz kuw n pbzbkd `kyFkdgkd kpoy wao doqw wsk gojngoz wk zwyodcwaodkuy yozbfbodjo wk cfkinf jandcoz fbeo jfbhnwojandco ndg |ykhbzoz n iowwoy ~unfbwr k` fbò `ky nff

Fkdgkdoyz$

Jkzwbdcz ndg jkhhbwhodwz

Kuy eor jkhhbwhodwz nyo nff jkzwog ndg sbff io


10/38


bh|fohodwog sbwabd wao `kuy rony woyh k` k``bjo$Hkzw k` kuy kwaoy |yk|kznfz hneo iowwoy uzo kòqbzwbdc yozkuyjoz ndg iowwoy snrz k` skyebdciowsood ncodjboz$ Wakzo wanw yo~ubyo zkho|uh| |ybhbdc sbff io ùdgog `ykh wao znpbdcz so|fnd wk njabopo$

Bdjyonzbdcfr ibc bd`ynzwyujwuyo bh|ykpohodwz sbffdkw jkho `ykh wnq|nroyz iuw sbff io ùdgog `ykhwao bdjyonzog sonfwa wanw yocodoynwbkd sbwabdFkdgkd sbff jyonwo eoo|bdc n cyonwoy zanyofkjnffr$ Nfyongr Fkdgkd jyonwoz 9>/ k` waodnwbkdz sonfwa honzuyog ir Cykzz PnfuoNggog opod wakuca so yo|yozodw kdfr >9/ k`wao wkwnf _E |k|ufnwbkd$ Fkdgkd jkdwybiuwoziowsood >7id ndg >2id hkyo wk wao dnwbkdnfoqjao~uoy `ykh wao wnqoz so |nr jkh|nyog wk|uifbj z|odgbdc bd wao jn|bwnf$

Zk kuy jkhhbwhodw bz dkw wk bdjyonzo Fkdgkdoyzwnqoz ky `nyoz iorkdg ndr ybzo bd waoby jkzw k`fbpbdc ky waoby nibfbwr wk |nr$ So sbff ùdg iowwoyzoypbjoz `ykh hkyo o`òjwbpo nghbdbzwynwbkdnjykzz nff |uifbj ncodjboz bd Fkdgkd ndg `ykhwao sonfwa jyonwog ir n hkyo grdnhbj Fbioynf

Gohkjynw(fog Fkdgkd ojkdkhr$

Kuy yojkyg

Bd wao fnzw `kuy ronyz Fbioynf Gohkjynwz kd waoFkdgkd Nzzohifr anpo zwkkg u| `ky Fkdgkd ndgFkdgkdoyz$

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz anpo eo|w u| |yozzuyo

kd wao Hnrky wk yosnyg jkhhuwoyz ndgaof| |ok|fo `njog sbwa ybzbdc wyndz|kyw`nyoz$ Bw snz wao Fbioynf Gohkjynwz sak|oyzungog wao Hnrky wk bdwykgujo anf` |ybjowbjeowz `ky mki zooeoyz kd Fkdgkdz iuz ndgwynh dowskye ndg sak ckw wao Hnrky wkjkdzbgoy bdwykgujbdc Onyfr Ibyg `nyoz

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz kd wao Fkdgkd Nzzohifranpo yo|onwogfr ngpndjog snrz wk gbpoywhkdor `ykh snzwo wk z|odg kd `ykdw fbdo

zoypbjoz anpo dopoy pkwog wk juw wao|kfbjoz iugcow ndg anpo zwk||og wao Howz`fnsog ozwnwoz |ykcynhho wanw skufg anpozauw |kfbjo zwnwbkdz

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz soyo wao `byzw \nywr cyku|

wk |yk|kzo n juw bd wao CFNz zanyo k`Jkudjbf Wnq

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz anpo jnh|nbcdog wkbdjyonzo wao duhioy zb}o ndg yndco k`n``kygnifo akuzbdc bd wao jn|bwnf

janh|bkdog dos snrz k` `bdndjbdc dosakhoz ndg aofg wao Hnrky wk abzjkhhbwhodwz

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz anpo fog wao snr bdjanh|bkdbdc bh|ykpohodwz wk njjozzbifowyndz|kyw$ Wao yojodw gojbzbkd ir W`F wknffks Cubgo Gkcz wk uzo ozjnfnwkyz kd waoWuio snz n gbyojw yozufw k` FbioynfGohkjynw |yozzuyo

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz nw Jbwr Anff ndg bd

ckpoydhodw anpo zojuyog ùdgbdc `kyJykzzynbf ndg kwaoy jyujbnf zoypbjoz fbeoWanhozfbde `ykh iobdc jndjoffog hondbdcfozz jyksgog mkuydorz wk skye `ky hbffbkdz k`Fkdgkdoyz bd wao ùwuyo

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz anpo janh|bkdoghowakgz dks |nywfr bd uzo wk wnjefo waoWuio u|cyngo |ykcynhho `nzwoy ndgzhnywoy

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz anpo yo|onwogfr jnffog`ky iowwoy zebffz wynbdbdc ndg gopofk|bdcn||yodwbjozab|z janh|bkdbdc bddkpnwbpozjaohoz$ Fbioynf Gohkjynwz bd Jbwr Anff|ykhkwog wao uzo k` n||yodwbjozab|zjaohoz kd wao Fkdgkd 99 Kfrh|bjzzbwo nz soff nz |uzabdc oh|fkroyz wk uzofkjnf skyeoyz

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz anpo zow wao ncodgn kdnby ~unfbwr fongbdc wao `bcaw `ky n jodwynfjfond nby }kdo ndg gopofk|bdc jkzwog |fndz`ky n ibc zsbwja wk ofojwybj poabjfoz

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz zojuyog `yoo Kfrh|bjndg \nynfrh|bj wbjeowz `ky jnyoyz wknjjkh|ndr nff zopoyofr gbznifog |ok|fo wao Wbjeowjnyo zjaoho$ Kybcbdnffr kdfrgbznifog |ok|fo bd n saoofjanby skufg anpoiood ofbcbifo

Fbioynf Gohkjynwz zojuyog n fnzwbdc focnjr`ky jrjfbdc iykeoybdc nd ncyoohodw `ky n

`ndwnzwbj nfwoydnwbpo wynje nw Akc#z Abff wkyo|fnjo wao Onzwsnr Jrjfo Jbyjubw ndgodzuybdc wanw |fndz `ky wao pofk|nye n`woy waoCnhoz yo`fojw wao doogz k` fkjnf jrjfbzwz


11/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco >< k` :0

duhioy k` |kfbjo k``bjoyz `ky Fkdgkd cbpodjuyyodw gohndgz ndg npnbfnifo yozkuyjoz$ Waoyonf ~uozwbkd bz aks o``ojwbpofr waor nyogo|fkrog ndg saowaoy Fkdgkdoyz cow wao|kfbjbdc zoypbjo waor sndw$ So sbff cunyndwoo::?9 hkdwaz wkMndunyr 99 jkh|nyog sbwa wao znho|oybkg wk Mndunyr 9>

\kfbjo k``bjoy zwyodcwa nw :> Mndunyr 99snz wao fksozw zbdjo Mndunyr 991 k``bjoyz

Nykudg anf` n hbffbkd zwk| ndg zonyjaoz nyojnyybog kuw bd Fkdgkd onja rony$ Wnebdc bdwknjjkudw wao yofnwbpo owadbj |k|ufnwbkdzIfnje |ok|fo nyo 7$7 wbhoz hkyo fbeofr wk iozwk||og wand Sabwo |ok|fo ndg Nzbnd|ok|fo wsbjo nz fbeofr

\ykwojwbdc duhioyz& hkyo pbzbifo |kfbjbdc

Opoyrkdo ncyooz wanw nykudg ::


12/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco >> k` :0

skyebdc sbwa wao Iybwbza Wyndz|kyw \kfbjo kddbcaw wbho Wuio ynbf wynh ndg iuz |nwykfz$

bh|ykpo njjozzbibfbwr wk wao |kfbjo sbwa nhbdbhuh k` wayoo |kfbjo zwnwbkdz |ykpbgog bdopoyr ikykuca sbwa nw fonzw kdo k|od 97+3

nfkdczbgo ZDW inzoz juw kuw snzwo yohkpo zodbky k``bjoy |oyez

ndg znpo hkdor waykuca cyonwoy jbpbfbznwbkdk` inje k``bjo ykfoz dkw `ykdw fbdo zoypbjoz

Skyebdc sbwa Fkdgkdoyz

Wao wsk |yopbkuz hnrkyz anpo `nbfog wk bdpkfpo|ok|fo bd wao ùwuyo k` Fkdgkdz |kfbjo zoypbjo$

Row so edks wanw skyebdc sbwa fkjnf jkhhudbwbozaof|z wk bh|ykpo bdwoffbcodjo cnwaoybdc ndgjnwjaoz hkyo jybhbdnfz$

N |kfbjo zoypbjo fog ir Iynbd \nggbje sbff=

cbpo onja dobcaikuyakkg bwz ksd |fnd `ky|kfbjbdc ndg wao go|fkrhodw k` k``bjoyzinzog kd snyg zuyporz ndg bdpkfpbdc fkjnf|ok|fo ndg fkjnf iuzbdozzoz bd gojbzbkdz

fbzwod wk ndg wneo zoybkuzfr wakzo n`òjwogir akhk|akibj ynjbzw anwo jybhoz ndgjybhoz ncnbdzw |ok|fo sbwa n gbznibfbwrodzuybdc nd o`òjwbpo yoz|kdzo

gopkfpo hkyo yozkuyjoz wk fkjnf ikykucajkhhndgoyz ndg nffks waoh wk zow |ybkybwboz

bd fbdo sbwa fkjnf |ybkybwboz

akfg nd nddunf |uifbj hoowbdc nw sabja nffwakzo yoz|kdzbifo `ky jybho |yopodwbkd ndgyogujwbkd sbff io aofg wk njjkudw bdjfugbdcFkdgkdz \kfbjo ndg Jybho Jkhhbzzbkdoy

|ykpbgo hkyo kdfbdo ndg wnycowogbd`kyhnwbkd `ky |ok|fo udnifo wk nwwodg ZDWky jkhhudbwr cyku| hoowbdcz zk waor jndanpo waoby znr nikuw fkjnf |kfbjbdc |ybkybwboz wabz bdjfugoz fkjnf iuzbdozzoz sak zakufgio nifo wk yo|kyw jybho ir ohnbf

\nrinje zodwodjbdc

Zbh|fr |uwwbdc |ok|fo bdwk |ybzkd gkozd#w skye bdwao fkdc woyh$ Hkzw jkdpbjwog jybhbdnfz ck kd wkk`òdg ncnbd n`woy wbho bd |ybzkd$ Waoyo bz nd nf(woydnwbpo= zwugboz zaks wanw yok`òdgbdc ynwoz `kywakzo kd jkhhudbwr(inzog zjaohoz nyo nykudg:3/ jkh|nyog wk 0>/ k` wakzo zoypbdc juzwkgb(nf zodwodjoz$

Iybnd \nggbje sbff skye sbwa wao ikykucaz waoJkuywz wao Rkuwa Zoypbjo ndg wao \ykinwbkd

Zoypbjo wk iybdc bd n wkuca Fkdgkd Jkhhudbwr\nrinje zjaoho$ Wakzo jkdpbjwog k` jybhbdnfk`òdjoz sbff io hngo wk skye bd wao jkhhudbwrwk yo|nr waoby goiw wk zkjbowr sabfo cnbdbdc doszebffz kd |ykmojwz gojbgog ir fkjnf |ok|fo$

So sbff=

hneo zuyo wanw ynwaoy wand zbw bd n jkzr joff

bd |ybzkd `ky akuyz kd odg sbwa waoby `kkgndg aonwbdc |ykpbgog jybhbdnfz sbff io`kyjog wk jfond(u| cyn``bwb yo|nby iykeodòdjoz jfony `fr(wb||og yuiibza ndg bh|ykpo|uifbj z|njoz bd Fkdgkd

hneo zuyo wanw b` waor yojobpo iodo`bwzwakzo iodo`bwz sbff io go|odgodw kdzujjozzùffr jkh|fowbdc waoby |nrinjezodwodjo$ B` waor `nbf wk gk wao skye waorsbff io `bdog kuw k` waoby iodo`bw |nrhodwz

odzuyo fkjnf |ok|fo gojbgo sanw doogz wkio gkdo wk bh|ykpo waoby fkjnf nyonz ndg wao\ykinwbkd Zoypbjo sbff hneo zuyo wakzojybhbdnfz kd |nrinje zodwodjoz gk waoskye


13/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco >9 k` :0

nffks fkjnf |ok|fo wk cow waoby fkjnfnyonz bh|ykpog bdzwong k` anpbdc wk|nr wk eoo| zkhokdo bd |ybzkd saoyowao bdhnwoz jnd fn}o nykudg ndgfonyd `ykh kwaoyz aks wk io hkyo

o`òjwbpo jybhbdnfz

\nggbje \nwykfz

Hndr |ok|fo bd Fkdgkd sndw wk gkzkhowabdc wk aof| jkhinw jybho iuw òof|ksoyfozz wk njw kd waoby ksd$ Wao sbff bzwaoyo nz so zns bd wao yonjwbkd wk waoybkwz saoyo yozbgodwz ndg zak|eoo|oyz

mkbdog wkcowaoy wk |ykwojw waoby |yk|oywrndg waod jnho wkcowaoy wk jfond u|n`woysnygz$ Zbhbfnyfr wao yozbgodwz kÌkddbdcwkd Z~unyo ir Pnuqanff yonjwog wkn z|nwo k` yojodw huccbdcz ir kycndbzbdc|nwykfz$ Iybnd \nggbje sbff aof|Fkdgkdoyz sak sndw wk yojfnbh waobyzwyoowz$

So sbff=

odjkuynco oqbzwbdc jkhhudbwr cyku|z zujanz yozbgodwz ndg wodndwz nzzkjbnwbkdz wkyojfnbh waoby zwyoowz ir |nwykffbdc bd cyku|zwk |yopodw jybho ndg io wao oroz ndg onyzk` wao |kfbjo$ Bd cyku|z k` zbq ky hkyo fkjnf|ok|fo sbff sony `fukyozjodw mnjeowz ndgnyhog kdfr sbwa wkyjaoz ndg n gbyojw fbdo wk

wao fkjnf |kfbjo waor sbff |nwykf waoby fkjnfnyon gowoyybdc jybhbdnfz

yocbzwoy wao cyku|z sbwa wao |kfbjo sak sbffedks sak waor nyo saoyo waor nyo ndgsanw wbhoz waor sbff io kd |nwykf zk waorjnd yoz|kdg ~ubjefr b` doogog$ Wao |kfbjosbff cbpo ngpbjo kd sanw waor zakufg gk bdgb`òyodw zbwunwbkdz ndg oh|anzbzo wanw waorzakufg dkw bdwoypodo iuw jnff wao |kfbjo b`waoyo bz n jybho bd |ykcyozz

zu||kyw wao fkjnf |nwykfz zakufg waorodjkudwoy |ykifohz$ @ky oqnh|fo iobdcjanffodcog ir fkjnf jybhbdnfz wao |kfbjo sbff|ykpbgo n jkhhudbwr zu||kyw k``bjoy |kfbjok``bjoy ky |kfbjo gkc andgfoy wk njjkh|ndr

wao yozbgodwz !go|odgbdc kd wao fopof k`wayonw" ky bd oqwyoho jnzoz yo|fnjo waojkhhudbwr |nwykfz sbwa Woyybwkybnf Zu||kywCyku| |nwykfz !ybkw z~ung k``bjoyz sak nyokd |oyhndodw zwndgir sak anpo waojn|njbwr wk gk oqnjwfr wabz zkyw k` |nwykf"

Gybpbdc kuw ynjbzh

Wao |kfbjo huzw `kjuz kd jybhbdnfz ndg npkbgwnycowbdc bddkjodw |ok|fo$ Iybnd \nggbje sbffwneo nsnr wao |ksoy wk zwk| ndg zonyja `ykh ndrk``bjoyz sak hbzuzo bw$ Waor sbff njo yo(wynbdbdcndg gbzjb|fbdnyr njwbkd$ Zwk||bdc ndg zonyjabdc|ok|fo muzw iojnuzo waor nyo ifnje ky `ykhhbdkybwr owadbj jkhhudbwboz gozwykrz wyuzw ndgsnzwoz wbho wanw jkufg io iowwoy z|odw wnycowbdcyonf jybhbdnfz$

So sbff=

odzuyo |kfbjo |uifbza gnwn kd wao |yk|kywbkdk` zwk| ndg zonyjaoz jnyybog kuw wanw yozufwbd zkhowabdc udfnsùf iobdc `kudg ndg nd

nyyozw jnuwbkd ky janyco iobdc hngo nz nyozufw

odzuyo |kfbjo |uifbza gnwn kd wao |yk|kywbkdk` zwk| ndg zonyjaoz wanw bdpkfpogjybhbdnfz sak nyo edksd wk io njwbpo!dnhog bdgbpbgunfz sak wao fkjnf |kfbjoanpo yojkygog nz wnycow jybhbdnfz iojnuzowaor anpo yojodw jkdpbjwbkdz ky jnuwbkdz kywakzo sak anpo iood dnhog ir fkjnf|ok|fo nz iobdc njwbpofr bdpkfpog bd jybho"

odzuyo |kfbjo k``bjoyz yojkyg kd wao zwk|zfb| aks wao gozjyb|wbkd k` zkhokdo sakanz iood zwk||og ndg zonyjaog iojnuzo


14/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco >: k` :0

waor nyo zuz|ojwog k` anpbdc muzw jkhhbwwognd k`òdjo oqnjwfr hnwjaoz wao |oy|owynwkyo$c$ wr|o k` wynbdoyz jkfkuy k` wykuzoyzhnyez ky zjnyz wnwwkkz ony ky dkzo ybdcz

hneo |uifbjnffr npnbfnifo wao |yk|kywbkd k`

zwk| ndg zonyjaoz jnyybog kuw kd |ok|fo`ykh Ifnje ndg Hbdkybwr Owadbj jkhhudbwboz`ky onja ikykuca wkcowaoy sbwa ndoq|fndnwbkd b` wao |yk|kywbkd bz gb`òyodw `ykhwao |yk|kywbkd k` IHO yozbgodwz bd waoikykuca |k|ufnwbkd

Pbkfodjo ncnbdzw skhod

Fnzw rony wao Howyk|kfbwnd \kfbjo yojkygog ::>9yn|oz iuw Fkdgkd jkuywz jkdpbjwog muzw 9>2yn|bzwz$ Fbioynf Gohkjynwz iofbopo wao jybhbdnfmuzwbjo |ykjozz fonpoz wkk hndr pbjwbhz òofbdcbcdkyog ky fow gksd$ Zuypbpkyz huzw io iowwoyzu||kywog ndg wneod zoybkuzfr dkw fo`w ifnhbdcwaohzofpoz$ Wao Hnrky huzw skye sbwa pkfudwnyrzojwky cyku|z wk hneo wabz an||od$

So sbff=

fong n |uifbj jnh|nbcd nbhog nw ynbzbdcnsnyodozz ndg gbz|offbdc jkhhkd hrwaznikuw yn|o inzog `byhfr kd wao |ybdjb|fo wanwndrwabdc fozz wand |kzbwbpo ndg oq|fbjbwjkdzodw `yoofr cbpod ir zkhokdo jn|nifok` hnebdc wanw gojbzbkd huzw io gonfw sbwanz yn|o iubfgbdc kd wao yojodw jodwynfckpoydhodw dk hondz dk jnh|nbcd

odzuyo zuypbpky zu||kyw cyku|z nyo

yo|yozodwog kd wao Hnrkyz K``bjo `ky\kfbjbdc ndg Jybho ngpbzkyr iknyg

cunyndwoo ùdgbdc `ky wao oqbzwbdc fopof k`Yn|o Jybzbz Jodwyo |ykpbzbkd ndg skyejfkzofr sbwa ikykucaz wk odzuyo mkbdog(u||ykpbzbkd njykzz Fkdgkd$ Iowwoy ùdgogyn|o zu||kyw kycndbznwbkdz sbff nfzk aof|zu||kyw zuypbpkyz k` yn|o nw nff zwncoz k` waojybhbdnf muzwbjo zrzwoh ndg aof| wk |ykpbgocubgndjo ngpbjo ndg zu||kyw

kpoyzoo jkh|yoaodzbpo yowynbdbdc k` wao|kfbjo zoypbjo wk odzuyo nff k``bjoyzudgoyzwndg waoby ykfo ndg wao n||yk|ybnwoyoz|kdzo wk zuypbpkyz$ Hndr k`òdgoyzjkhhbw yn|o hufwb|fo wbhoz io`kyo iobdc

jnucaw |ykpbgbdc n znò odpbykdhodw `kyzuypbpkyz wk yo|kyw jnd aof| zwk| zoybnfyn|bzwz bd waoby wynjez

bdwykgujo |kfbjo |oy`kyhndjo honzuyozinzog kd wao fopof k` znwbz`njwbkdoq|oybodjog ir yn|o zuypbpkyz sak anpoang jkdwnjw sbwa wao |kfbjo$

ùffr zu||kyw fkjnf cyku|z sak sndw wk|ykpbgo n |yozodjo kd kuy zwyoowz nw dbcawwk iubfg n Fkdgkd(sbgo hkpohodw `kyjkhhudbwboz wk yojfnbh kuy zwyoowz sabfonjedksfogcbdc wanw yn|o wkk k`wod wneoz|fnjo bd wao pbjwbhz ksd akho sbwazkhokdo waor edks

hneo zuyo wao |kfbjo nyo ùffr |yo|nyog `ky

ndr ybzo bd auhnd wyn``bjebdc wanw yozufwz`ykh wao Kfrh|bjz$ Skhod bd wao zoqbdguzwyr nyo pufdoynifo wk yn|o ndg hkyofbeofr wk io bcdkyog ndg waoby yo|kywz k`jybho dkw wneod zoybkuzfr

Odzuybdc znòwr sabfo wynpoffbdc

Goz|bwo huja wnfe wao wsk |yopbkuz hnrkyz anpo`nbfog wk |ykwojw |ok|fo uzbdc |uifbj wyndz|kyw |nywbjufnyfr fnwo nw dbcaw$ Wao duhioy k`ykiioyboz kd iuzoz iowsood N|ybf ndgZo|wohioy 9> bdjyonzog ir >2$1/ kpoy waoznho |oybkg bd 9


15/38


zu||kyw Zwyoow \nzwkyz ndg kwaoyz sak sndw

wk aof| |nwykf nyonz k` Fkdgkd saoyo njwbpo

dbcaw wbho ojkdkhboz hond |ok|fo k`wod

rkudc |ok|fo nyo pufdoynifo

bdjyonzo wao pbzbibfbwr k` udb`kyhog k``bjoyz

nw eor wynpof bdwoyjandcoz waykucakuwFkdgkd oz|ojbnffr fnwo nw dbcaw ndg

skyebdc sbwa wao Iybwbza Wyndz|kyw \kfbjo kd

dbcaw wbho Wuio ynbf wynh ndg iuz |nwykfz$

K|od ndg njjkudwnifo

Wao Howyk|kfbwnd \kfbjo doogz wk iojkho `ny

hkyo k|od ndg wyndz|nyodw$

N dos bdgo|odgodw |uifbj jkhhbzzbkdoy `ky

zwndgnygz n |kfbjbdc khiugzhnd `ky Fkdgkd

huzw gyns u| ndg od`kyjo wkuca ndg jfony

zwndgnygz k` jkdgujw kpoy ioanpbkuyz wanw anpo

iykucaw wao |kfbjo bdwk gbzyo|uwo zuja nz

niuzbdc zwk| ndg zonyja ynjbzw nwwbwugoz jkyyu|w

yofnwbkdz sbwa wao hogbn ndg gkgcr |ynjwbjoz kd

njjo|wbdc cb`wz ndg akz|bwnfbwr$ Wabz sbff z|fbw

zjyuwbdr kpoy bdwoydnf gbzjb|fbdo `ykh wao pbwnf ykfo

k` andgfbdc jkh|fnbdwz `ykh wao |uifbj wanwzakufg yohnbd sbwa wao Bdgo|odgodw \kfbjo

Jkh|fnbdwz Jkhhbzzbkd$

Wao jyonwbkd k` wao dos Hnrkyz K``bjo `ky

\kfbjbdc ndg Jybho ybzez yogujbdc zjyuwbdr ndg

njjkudwnibfbwr zk wao Fkdgkd Nzzohifrz \kfbjo

ndg Jybho Jkhhbwwoo huzw anpo wao sbgozw

|ksoyz wk akfg wao Howyk|kfbwnd \kfbjo ndg

Fkdgkdz \kfbjo ndg Jybho Jkhhbzzbkdoy wknjjkudw$

Bh|ykpbdc jkkygbdnwbkd iowsood ohoycodjrzoypbjoz

Fkdgkdoyz sbff cow n iowwoy ndg hkyo jkzwo``ojwbpo |ykwojwbkd zoypbjo b` nff wao ohoycodjrzoypbjoz bd wao jn|bwnf |kfbjo `byo ndg

nhiufndjo skye hkyo jfkzofr wkcowaoy udgoywao fongoyzab| k` wao Hnrky$ Ikwa wao ybkwz bd waozuhhoy k` 9> ndg wao woyykybzw nwwnje bd Mufr

9


16/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco >? k` :0

`ykh bdjkh|fowo Krzwoy mkuydorz

Yodwz kuwzbgo wao zkjbnf zojwky bd Fkdgkdbdjyonzog ir >3/ bd wao fnzw rony sabfoFkdgkd akuzo |ybjoz iujeog wao dnwbkdnfwyodg ndg ykzo ir ?/

@nbyoy `nyoz `ky Fkdgkdoyz

@nyoz anpo bdjyonzog ir hkyo wand wao ynwo k`bd`fnwbkd udgoy ikwa |yopbkuz hnrkyz$ Bd wkucaojkdkhbj wbhoz saod sncoz opod `ky wakzo bdskye nyo zwncdndw wao Fbioynf Gohkjynwz sndw wkeoo| `nyoz nz fks nz |kzzbifo$ Dks waogbznzwykuz \\\ bz kpoy wao jkzw k` waobdpozwhodw |ykcynhho jnd io yogujog wkjkh|nynifo bdwoydnwbkdnf ynwoz$ So sbff wnycow

aof| kd `nyoz `ky wakzo hkzw bd doog ndg kpoynffso sbff dkw bdjyonzo `nyoz ir hkyo wand wao ynwok` bd`fnwbkd$

Kuy |njenco k` `nyo yogujwbkdz zbq snrz wkznpo sbff jkdjodwynwo aof| saoyo bw bz hkzwdoogog$

So sbff=

k``oy Onyfr Ibyg gbzjkudwz `ky Wuio W`F ynbfndg GFY wynpoffoyz uzbdc wao dowskye io`kyo3$:


17/38


ndg pnfuo(`ky(hkdor ngpbjo wk nff CFNncodjboz

zow n dos |kfbjr wanw wao ynwbk k` fks wk abcaznfnyboz bd wao CFN zakufg dkw io cyonwoywand wod wbhoz

\nrbdc Fkdgkdoyz n `nby snco

Sbwa nff(|nywr zu||kyw wao CFN anz wneod nfongbdc ykfo bd jnfjufnwbdc wao hbdbhuh fopof k`sncoz bw bz |kzzbifo wk zuizbzw kd bd Fkdgkd$Nfyongr >?< jkh|ndboz nyo |nrbdc wao FkdgkdFbpbdc Snco ndg waor yo|kyw jkh|odznwbdciodo`bwz `ykh bdjyonzog zwn`` yowodwbkd ndg iowwoy|oy`kyhndjo$

So sbff=

hneo bw |nyw k` nff CFN oh|fkrhodw ndgjkdwynjwbdc wanw nff zwn`` ndg zu||fboyz nyo|nbg nw fonzw wao Fkdgkd Fbpbdc Snco

gohndg nff ikykucaz hkpo yn|bgfr wk |nrwaoby ksd zwn`` ndg zu||fboyz wao FkdgkdFbpbdc Snco saod jkdwynjwz nyo yo(fow

zow n jfony oq|ojwnwbkd wanw nff fnycooh|fkroyz bd Fkdgkd |nr wao Fkdgkd FbpbdcSnco `ky waoby ksd zwn`` ndg zu||fboyz ndgnpkbg uzbdc }oyk(akuy jkdwynjwz ndg kwaoyoq|fkbwnwbpo fnikuy |ynjwbjoz |ynbzbdcsaoyo snyyndwog ndg dnhbdc(ndg(zanhbdcsaoyo dojozznyr

Ionybdc gksd kd wao jkzw k` fbpbdc

Hndr k` wao |kfbjboz bd wabz hndbòzwk sbff iybdcFkdgkdoyz huja doogog aof| sbwa wao jkzw k`fbpbdc bd Fkdgkd$ Kuy |fndz wk bdjyonzogynhnwbjnffr wao duhioy k` n``kygnifo akhoz sbff

yogujo wao yofodwfozz u|snyg |yozzuyo kd yodwz

ndg akuzo |ybjoz$ So zow n iodjahnye wanw dk

hkyo wand n wabyg k` wao wr|bjnf Fkdgkdoyz

bdjkho zakufg io z|odw kd akuzbdc jkzwz$ Kuy

|kfbjboz kd akho bdzufnwbkd ndg odoycr o``bjbodjr

sbff juw wao aonwbdc ndg fbcawbdc ibffz k` hndr

akhoz$ @ky Fkdgkdoyz kd iodo`bwz so sbff

jnh|nbcd wk |oyzungo jodwynf ckpoydhodw wk

njedksfogco n Fkdgkd sobcawbdc bd dnwbkdnf

nffksndjoz ndg wkwnf iodo`bw jn|z$

MKIZ NDG K\\KYW_DBWBOZ @KY NFF$

Nfkdczbgo wao oqwyoho sonfwa k` wao Jbwr fbpohndr |ok|fo odguybdc zkho k` wao skyzw |kpoywrndg zkjbnf go|ybpnwbkd bd Iybwnbd$ Ck obcaw zwk|zonzw kd wao Muibfoo Fbdo `ykh Sozwhbdzwoy ndgrkuy fbò oq|ojwndjr `nffz kdo rony `ky opoyrzwnwbkd$

N`woy >9 ronyz ndg wsk hnrkyz zuja bdo~unfbwryohnbdz n zjndgnf$ _dgoyfrbdc wabz yojkyg bz wao

`njw wanw Fkdgkd zu`òyz wao zojkdg abcaozwudoh|fkrhodw ynwo k` ndr yocbkd bd Iybwnbd$Rkudc |ok|fo bd |nywbjufny cow n yns gonf$ Ndgrow Fkdgkd jkdwybiuwoz u| wk >2id hkyo n ronybd wnqoz wk wao dnwbkdnf oqjao~uoy wand soyojobpog bd |uifbj z|odgbdc$

N Fbioynf Gohkjynw(fog CFN sbff |oyzungo jodwynfckpoydhodw wk yojkcdbzo wanw wao |ykz|oybwr k`wao sakfo _E go|odgz kd n grdnhbj ndg

zkjbnffr(muzw Fkdgkd$

Eor `njwz

Nfhkzw 7


18/38


Rkuwa Jkdwynjw `ky Fkdgkd iubfgbdc kd dnwbkdnfckpoydhodw aof| `ky wao ??13 rony kfgz sak nyo dkw bdoh|fkrhodw ogujnwbkd ky wynbdbdc$ Wabz hondziybdcbdc wkcowaoy oh|fkroyz kycndbznwbkdz

abcaoy ndg ùywaoy ogujnwbkd |ykpbgoyz ndgjodwynf yocbkdnf ndg fkjnf ckpoydhodw ncodjboznz soff nz wao rkudc |ok|fo waohzofpoz wkwnjefo wabz jybzbz$

So sbff=

k`òy n Fkdgkd Rkuwa Jkdwynjw zk nff

mkifozz rkudc Fkdgkdoyz sak sndw wk nyo|ykgujwbpofr odcncog bd skye ky bd fonydbdcfbdeog wk n codubdo mki k||kywudbwr$ Wabz sbffyo~ubyo Fkdgkdz fnyco oh|fkroyz wk jkhhbwwk abybdc rkudc Fkdgkdoyz sbwa aof| `ykhckpoydhodw

oq|ndg n||yodwbjozab|z `ky rkudc |ok|fo `kyhbdc nd N||yodwbjozab| Nffbndjo sbwahnmky oh|fkroyz ndg jkffocoz ndg skyebdcsbwa hnmky bd`ynzwyujwuyo |ykmojwz fbeo

Jykzzynbf wao Wanhoz Wbgosnr Wuddof ndgWuio u|cyngo skye nz soff nz focnjrk||kywudbwboz kd wao ûood Ofb}niowaKfrh|bj \nye

zow u| n @bpo(Zwny @udg ( skywa nw fonzw> n dbcawfuquyr akwof iogykkh fopr kd wao ?


19/38


kd zujjozzùf zjaohoz fbeo Wonja @byzw so sbff zooe jk(ùdgbdc ndg oh|fkroy|nywdoyzab|z wk cunyndwoo opoyr Fkdgkdcyngunwo zbq hkdwaz yonf skye oq|oybodjo bdiuzbdozz ky sbwa n dos |ykmojw jyonwogwaykuca kuy @bpo(Zwny @udg

hneo zuyo dk rkudc Fkdgkdoy bz gowoyyog`ykh odwoybdc n zubwnifo ùywaoy ky abcaoyogujnwbkd jkuyzo iojnuzo k` `bdndjbnfjkdjoyd ir janddoffbdc ogujnwbkdnfiuyznyboz waykuca odandjog jnyooyz ngpbjobd zjakkfz

sbwa zu||kyw `ykh wao @bpo(Zwny @udg bdzbzwopoyr ikykuca hnbdwnbdz n ckkg dowskye k`rkuwa jfuiz sbwa rkudc |ok|fo waohzofpoz

bdpkfpog bd yuddbdc waoh bdjfugbdc auizsaoyo rkudc |ok|fo jnd cow wyuzwog ngpbjo

Jabfgyod ndg rkudc |ok|fo= n ckkg zwnyw bd fbò

Wao `kudgnwbkdz k` n ckkg zwnyw bd fbò iocbd soffio`kyo mki |ykz|ojwz$ @kuy bd >< jabfgyod cyksu| bd akuzoakfgz sbwa bdjkhoz iofks waockpoydhodwz k``bjbnf |kpoywr fbdo wao abcaozwynwo k` ndr yocbkd bd Odcfndg wanwz 0?


20/38


|ksoy wuyibdoz nw Woggbdcwkd Soby kd waoYbpoy Wanhoz

zob}o wao auco k||kywudbwboz |yozodwog irdos hnrkynf |ksoyz wk jyonwo fkjnfodwoy|ybzo }kdoz ndg nggbwbkdnf hnrkynf

gopofk|hodw jky|kynwbkdz uzbdc iuzbdozzynwoz bdjodwbpoz wk odjkuynco dosiuzbdozzoz

zooe wk gbpoyzb`r wao Fkdgkd ojkdkhr `ykhbwz kpoy(yofbndjo kd `bdndjbnf zoypbjozbdjfugbdc |ykhkwbdc wao jyonwbpo bdguzwybozndg |ykwojw hndu`njwuybdc

skye wk oq|ndg wao @yoza Jnywz zjaoho wk?/ fozzwand waoby sabwo jkffoncuoz$ Skhod bd Fkdgkdnyo fozz fbeofr wk io bd skye ndg hkyo fbeofr wk iobd |kpoywr wand wao yozw k` wao _E sabfo skhodbd skye onyd fozz wand hod kd npoynco opodhkyo zk wand bd yozw k` wao jkudwyr$

Hndr k` wao |kfbjboz bd wabz hndbòzwk sbff yogujo

bdo~unfbwr ndg aof| jkhinw gbzjybhbdnwbkd zujanz jyonwbdc hkyo k||kywudbwboz `ky rkudc |ok|fo|ykhkwbdc wao Fkdgkd Fbpbdc Snco iubfgbdchkyo n``kygnifo akuzbdc odjkuyncbdc hbqogjkhhudbwboz waykuca |fnddbdc |kfbjr ndgzu||kywbdc n aonfwar odpbykdhodw$ Sbwakuw zuja

gbyojw bdwoypodwbkd ikwa bdo~unfbwr ndggbzjybhbdnwbkd sbff wodg wk cow skyzo$ _dgoy waoFbioynf Gohkjynwz Jbwr Anff sbff hkdbwky wao`nbydozz bh|njw k` nff |kfbjboz ndg |ykgujo ndnddunf yo|kyw kd |ykcyozz wksnygz yogujbdcbdo~unfbwr$

So sbff jkdwbduo wk |ykhkwo bdjfuzbkd ndgo~unfbwr bd nff nz|ojwz k` Fkdgkdz fbò$ So sbffzu||kyw opodwz ndg njwbpbwboz wanw ohiynjojofoiynwo ndg sofjkho nff wao jkhhudbwboz wanwhneo Fkdgkd wao cyonw gbpoyzo jbwr wanw so nyo$Opodwz fbeo Zw \nwybjez Gnr \ybgo ndg waoDkwwbdc Abff Jnydbpnf iybdc hndr hbffbkdz k`pbzbwkyz wk Fkdgkd nz soff nz iobdc odmkrog irFkdgkdoyz ndg zakufg jkdwbduo wk io k`òyogaof| wk yud ndg waybpo$ Zhnffoy zjnfo jkhhudbwropodwz jnd anpo nd o~unf ojkdkhbj iodo`bw bdbdgbpbgunf fkjnfbwboz ndg nyo sofjkhog ndg zakufgio odjkuyncog$

Fkkebdc `kysnyg odpbykdhodw ndg aonfwa

Fkdgkd sbff kdfr ck kd iobdc |ykz|oykuz ndgjn|nifo k` zuzwnbdbdc wao fbpofbakkgz k` hbffbkdz b`bw ngn|wz yn|bgfr wk wao ibc odpbykdhodwnfjanffodcoz `njbdc wao cfkinf ojkdkhr zuja nzybzbdc yns hnwoybnf ndg odoycr jkzwz ndg

|k|ufnwbkd |yozzuyo `ky npnbfnifo `kkg nz soffnz `ykh bdjyonzbdc kpoyzonz jkh|owbwbkd ikwa`ykh jaon|oy fnikuy ndg `ykh dos wojadkfkcr$

Oydzw & Rkudc ozwbhnwo wanw nw fonzw 7


21/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco 9< k` :0

janffodcbdc jkh|ndboz fbeo IW wk bdpozw bdwao `byzw snpo k` wao ckpoydhodwz dnwbkdnfzu|oy`nzw iykngindg zwynwocr ndg ykffbdc kuwudbpoyznf Sb(@b njjozz

|ykhkwo wao |yk|kzog cyood bdguzwybnf |nye

bd Gncodanh Gkje nz nd oqoh|fny `kyyocodoynwbkd njykzz Fkdgkd

janffodco wao `bdndjbnf zoypbjoz zojwky wkbdpozw bd odpbykdhodwnf wojadkfkcboz uzbdckuy }oyk snzwo jkhhbwhodw wk gybpogopofk|hodw k` mkiz bd odoycr(`ykh(snzwozjaohoz fbeo ndnoykibj gbcozwbkd waobdwoyozw zaksd bd zjaohoz `ykh FkdgkdSnzwo ndg Yojrjfbdc Iknyg zaksz wao|kwodwbnf

gopofk| |fndz wk jk(jyonwo n CyoodBdpozwhodw Inde `ky Fkdgkd

Zu||kywbdc zhnff iuzbdozz

Fkdgkd bz akho wk wao iozw `bdndjbnf zoypbjozzojwky bd wao skyfg goz|bwo wao jkzwfr hbzwneozwanw anpo abw uz nff anyg$ Wk gohkdzwynwo bwzyowuyd wk yoz|kdzbifo iuzbdozz |ynjwbjoz so sbff

janffodco Fkdgkdz indez ndg bdpozwhodwakuzoz wk jyonwo n Fkdgkd Zhnff Iuzbdozz @udgzk wanw dk pbnifo odwoy|ybzo bz |yopodwog `ykhoq|ndgbdc waykuca fnje k` `bdndjo$ So sbff nfzkjanffodco nff Fkdgkdz ibc iuzbdozz wk k`òyhodwkybdc zu||kyw ndg ngpbjo wk ZHOz ndgjyujbnffr wk k|od u| waoby jkdwynjwbdc wk Fkdgkdz`byhz ir |uifbjbzbdc k||kywudbwboz waykuca waoozwnifbzaog Jkh|owo@ky |fnw`kyh$

Fkdgkdz odwyo|yodouyz doog zu||kyw ndgodjkuyncohodw wk cyks waoby iuzbdozzoz ndg cow

|ok|fo bdwk skye$ Wao CFN huzw |ykhkwo jkzwo`òjwbpo iuzbdozz zu||kyw |ykcynhhozjanh|bkd wao doogz k` iuzbdozz odzuyoiuzbdozz jkzwz nyo eo|w fks ndg |ykhkwoFkdgkdz jufwuynf z|kywbdc ndg odwoywnbdhodwk`òy$

Wao @ogoynwbkd k` Zhnff Iuzbdozz znrz >:/ k`CFN cyku| oq|odgbwuyo snz z|odw sbwa ZHOzjkh|nyog wk n ckpoydhodw wnycow k` 9?/ irpnfuo$ Wanw bzdw ckkg odkuca$

So sbff=

bdpkfpo oqbzwbdc zujjozzùf odwyo|yodouyz bdngpbzbdc kd snrz wk bh|ykpo waockpoydhodwz yo|fnjohodw Iuzbdozz Fbdengpbzkyr zoypbjo

janffodco ibc jkh|ndboz wk |ykhkwoodwyo|yodouybzh waykuca jkdwynjwbdc ndghodwkybdc fonydbdc `ykh skye gkdo bd waobddoy jbwr nyonz k` wao _dbwog Zwnwoz wk aof|jkhinw gbzngpndwnco ndg gbzjybhbdnwbkd

wanw fog wk wao ybkwz ndg gbzwuyindjoz wanwwkke |fnjo kd kuy zwyoowz bd Nucuzw 9>

gohndg wanw fnyco jkh|ndboz cbpo |ybkybwrwk fkjnf |uyjanzbdc wk eoo| iurbdc |ksoy bdwao Fkdgkd ojkdkhr uzbdc waoJkh|owo@ky gnwninzo ndg |ykjuyohodw|kywnf jyonwog `ky wao Kfrh|bjz

odzuyo nff |nywz k` wao CFN `nhbfr bdjfugbdcWyndz|kyw `ky Fkdgkd wao Howyk|kfbwnd\kfbjo ndg wao Akhoz ndg Jkhhudbwr

Ncodjr bd Fkdgkd |uw skye bdwk waognwninzo zk wanw zhnff `byhz jnd ibg `kyjkdwynjwz nz |uifbj zojwky |ykmojwz nyo |uwkuw wk wodgoy

bdzbzw jodwynf ckpoydhodw oqwodgz wkFkdgkdz iuzbdozzoz nff wao iodo`bwz `ykhwao Dnwbkdnf Bdzuyndjo akfbgnrz ndg cyndwùdgz hngo npnbfnifo wk kwaoy yocbkdz k` wao_E

\ykhkwbdc zkjbnf odwoy|ybzoz

So zoo cyonw |kwodwbnf bd aof|bdc wk gopofk| npbiyndw ndg grdnhbj wabyg zojwky bd wao ojkdkhr


22/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco 9> k` :0

docfojwog ir ikwa |yopbkuz hnrkyz$ Wabzbdjfugoz huwunfz jkk|oynwbpoz zkjbnfodwoy|ybzoz ndg janybwboz$ Jodwynf ckpoydhodw|kfbjr bz zu||kywbpo bd wabz gbyojwbkd iuw bw yo~ubyozn Hnrky ndg Fkdgkd Nzzohifr jkhhbwwog wk wabzdos snr k` skyebdc b` wao k||kywudbwboz nyo wk io

yonfbzog ndg inyyboyz kpoyjkho$

Ibc iuzbdozz yoz|kdzbibfbwr

@ky wkk fkdc ibc iuzbdozz anz ang n `yoo ybgogohndgbdc `yoogkh `ykh yocufnwbkd bdzbzwbdc kd|uifbj bdpozwhodw bd wyndz|kyw ndg |nrbdc bwzzanyoakfgoyz opoy bdjyonzbdc yowuydz iuw dkw|fnrbdc n yoz|kdzbifo ykfo nz n |nywdoy bd

Fkdgkdz gopofk|hodw$ Ikwa |yopbkuz hnrkyzanpo `nbfog wk zow wao zkyw k` oq|ojwnwbkd kd ibciuzbdozz wanw bz ykuwbdo bd Nhoybjnd jbwboz$

So sbff=

zow u| wao iuzbdozz iknyg wk z|onyaongbdpkfpohodw k` fnyco oh|fkroyz bd mkijyonwbkd ndg zebffz gopofk|hodw

bdzbzw kd fkjnf |ykjuyohodw saoyopoy|kzzbifo

dnho ndg zanho fnyco oh|fkroyz dkw|nrbdc wao Fkdgkd Fbpbdc Snco

Aof|bdc abca zwyoowz

Wk zu||kyw kuy abca zwyoowz ndg jkhinw wao

zoohbdcfr opoy(bdjyonzbdc hkpo wk kuw k` wksdzak||bdc honzuyoz bd wabz hndbòzwk sbffodandjo wao n||onyndjo ndg pbnibfbwr k` kuy wksdjodwyoz bh|ykpo wyndz|kyw njjozz ndg odzuyo nznò odpbykdhodw wk zak|$

So sbff=

zu||kyw zhnffoy yownbfoyz ir bdzbzwbdcikykucaz anpo zjaohoz wk |ykpbgo

Iuzbdozz Ynwo yofbo` ndg |yoòyodwbnf yodwnfpnfuoz `ky zhnff zak|z bd nw(ybze abca zwyoowz

odzuyo fkjnf jkhhudbwboz nyo bdpkfpog bdaks wao CFNz abca zwyoow yocodoynwbkdùdgz nyo nffkjnwog ynwaoy wand zbh|fr

fonpbdc jkudjbfz wk hneo wao gojbzbkdz

\ykhkwbdc Fkdgkd

Wao _E anz wao fnycozw jyonwbpo zojwky bd Ouyk|o

ndg yofnwbpo wk CG\ kdo k` wao fnycozw bd waoskyfg$ Fkdgkdz zanyo k` jyonwbpo bdguzwyboz mkizbz nw :9/ hkyo wand wsbjo bwz zanyo k` wao _Eojkdkhr nz n sakfo$ Bw |ykpbgoz donyfr 7


23/38


k oqnhbdbdc ònzbibfbwr k` wao Iyodw

Jykzz Fbcaw Ynbf zjaoho

k bh|ykpbdc eor wyndz|kyw

bdwoyjandcoz zuja nz nw OnfbdcIykngsnr sbwa Jykzzynbf

fkiir jodwynf ckpoydhodw wk odzuyo waobh|njw kd Fkdgkd k` wao |yk|kzog dos abcaz|oog ynbf !AZ9" bz hbdbhbzog `ky oqnh|fobd Abffbdcgkd Onfbdc ndg bd Jnhgod|nywbjufnyfr nykudg Ouzwkd ndg kd FkdgkdKpoycykudg zoypbjoz saoyo AZ9 sbffjkddojw sbwa AZ>

ngpndjo |fndz `ky Jykzzynbf 9 !Jaofzon wk

Anjedor" wk aof| sbwa wao bdjyonzog|nzzodcoy duhioyz `ykh abca z|oog fbdozjkhbdc bdwk Fkdgkd ndg zwnyw skye kdk|wbkdz `ky ùywaoy fbdoz$

yo(oqnhbdo wao jkzw(iodo`bw k` nfwoydnwbpozwk wao |yk|kzog >id Dkywaoyd FbdoOqwodzbkd `ykh Eoddbdcwkd wk Inwwoyzon\ksoy Zwnwbkd wk k|od u| yocodoynwbkdsbwakuw hnzzbpofr kpoyjyksgbdc wao oqbzwbdcfbdo

skye wk zojuyo wao ùdgbdc `ky wao u|cyngozk` wao Ineoyfkk Jodwynf ndg \bjjngbffr fbdoz

|ykpbgo hkyo oq|yozz iuz ykuwoz `ykh waozuiuyiz nw |one jkhhuwoy wbhoz wk yofbopo|yozzuyo kd kpoyjyksgog fbdoz ndgbdwykgujo hkyo kyibwnf iuz ykuwoz wk yogujowao doog wk wynpof bdwk jodwynf Fkdgkd|bfkwbdc wao @nzw Iuz |yk|kznf `ykh Iyodw wkOnfbdc pbn \nye Ykrnf

aof| wk yogujo kpoyjyksgbdc irodjkuyncbdc n z|yong bd wynpof |nwwoydz `kyoqnh|fo waykuca kuy Onyfr Ibyg `nyoz ndgskyebdc sbwa fnyco oh|fkroyz wk zwnccoyskye zwnyw wbhoz

zu||kyw fkjnf wynpof wk skye |fndz zuja nzwakzo |bkdooyog bd Fbioynf Gohkjynw(yudZuwwkd saoyo wao Zhnywoy Wynpof Zuwwkd|fnd njabopog n >0/ bdjyonzoz bd iuzybgoyzab| 3?/ bdjyonzo bd jrjfbdc ndg 0/

gojyonzo bd gybpbdc

fkiir `ky n `nby zanyo k` hkdor `ykh waockpoydhodw#z |ykcynhho wk hneo zwnwbkdzhkyo njjozzbifo ndg bh|ykpo waonjjozzbibfbwr k` wao sakfo wyndz|kyw dowskye

bd bwz >72 rony abzwkyr jnyyrbdc >$>id|nzzodcoyz wabz rony

Nby |kffuwbkd `ykh wyn``bj jnuzoz auco aonfwa|ykifohz fongbdc wk kpoy 7


24/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco 9: k` :0

nz |nyw k` u|cyngo skye$ W`F snzwog :2hnw Zao|aoyg#z Iuza zwnwbkd zbdebdc fb`w zan`wzndg waod `bffog waoh bd nz waor ynd kuw k`hkdor$ Wabz bz udnjjo|wnifo$

jkdzbgoy nggbwbkdnf ybpoy jykzzbdcz bd Onzw

Fkdgkd kdfr saoyo |uifbj wyndz|kyw jrjfbzwzndg |ogozwybndz anpo |ybkybwr kpoy poabjfowyn``bj ndg saoyo oqbzwbdc jkhhudbwboz kdikwa zbgoz k` wao ybpoy jnd iodo`bw `ykhnggbwbkdnf mkiz akuzo iubfgbdc ndg njjozzwk fobzuyo `njbfbwboz dkw wakzo wanw zbh|frodjkuynco cykswa bd poabjfo wyn``bj waykucanfyongr jkdcozwog nyonz

@udgbdc fkdc(woyh bdpozwhodw

Nw n wbho k` |uifbj zojwky jkdzwynbdwz kd sanwwnq|nroyz jnd n``kyg bd gbyojw zuizbgr bw bzozzodwbnf wanw Wyndz|kyw `ky Fkdgkd yogujoz bwzjkzwz hnqbhbzoz bwz oqbzwbdc nzzowz ndg ynbzozhkyo bdpozwhodw yozkuyjoz `ykh |ybpnwo zkuyjozzu||kywog ir wao juyyodw ndg |kwodwbnf bdjyonzogyopoduo `ykh cyonwoy ybgoyzab|$

So sbff=

bzzuo n Fkdgkd Wyndz|kyw Ikdg wk ynbzonggbwbkdnf `udgz wk z|oog u| bdpozwhodwk|od dkw muzw wk Jbwr `bdndjoyz iuw kygbdnyrFkdgkdoyz sak sbff cow n yonf yowuyd kd waobyznpbdcz nz soff nz zoobdc n yonfbh|ykpohodw bd zoypbjoz fbeo wao hudbjb|nfikdgz k` kfg ndg nz kwaoy jkudwyboz gkwkgnr

ybckykuzfr iodjahnye jkzwz k` wao juyyodwbdpozwhodw |ykcynhho jkh|nybdcbdgbpbgunf fbdoz sbwa iodjahnyez `ykh waoiozw bdwoydnwbkdnf wyndz|kyw k|oynwkyz$ WaoHjDufwr yo|kyw bd 9> `kudg hnbdwodndjondg yodosnf jkzwz nyo nykudg :


25/38


yojkcdbzog nyo wao aonfwa ndg odpbykdhodwnfiodo`bwz wanw iowwoy |uifbj wyndz|kyw iybdcz$ Wabzhndb`ozwk sbff gofbpoy n ibc zsbwja wk |kffuwbkd(`yooofojwybj poabjfoz n aonfwar bdjyonzo bd snfebdcndg jrjfbdc ndg abcaoy jfond nby zwndgnygz$

Nz Fkdgkdz |k|ufnwbkd cyksz fb`o bd kuy jbwr sbffkdfr io zuzwnbdnifo ndg soff(iobdc hnbdwnbdog b`so jandco wao snr so hkpo nikuw$ Yodosnifondg fks(jnyikd `kyhz k` odoycr bdjfugbdc wk|ksoy wao _dgoycykudg nyo nd ozzodwbnf |nyw k`wanw$ Nz yozwybjwog ykng z|njo iojkhoz opodhkyo jkdcozwog wao ojkdkhbj jnzo `ky o``bjbodwnffkjnwbkd sbff doog wk io yopbosog$ Nfyongr bwhneoz dk zodzo `ky n jkhhoyjbnf gofbpoyr pnd wkjnuzo wyn``bj inje(u|z nw |one wbhoz jnuzbdckwaoy ykng uzoyz wk io fnwo `ky skye$

Yogujbdc |kffuwbkd ndg bdpozwbdc bd dos

wojadkfkcr$

Fkdgkdz iuzoz wnqbz ndg pndz zwbff hkzwfr yud

kd gbozof$ Wabz zakufg dk fkdcoy io wao jnzo$ Nby|kffuwbkd `ykh wyn``bj jnuzoz auco aonfwa|ykifohz ndg wabz huzw jandco$ _dgoy kuy Ibc

Zsbwja |fnd nff k` Fkdgkdz iuzoz ndg wnqbz ndghkzw jkhhoyjbnf pndz sbff yud kd ofojwybjbwr ir9


27/38


wyn``bj jnfhbdc honzuyoz saoyo dkw|ynjwbjnifo !zuja nz dnyyks ky jyksgogzwyoowz"

od`kyjo |odnfwboz ncnbdzw wakzo òs jrjfbzwzsak bcdkyo yog fbcawz jrjfo kd |npohodwzndg uzo hkibfo |akdoz$ Sbwa cyonwoybdpozwhodw hngo bd jrjfbdc bw bz kdfr `nbywanw nff jrjfbzwz zaks jkdzbgoynwbkd `ky|ogozwybndz ndg kwaoy ykng uzoyz

cbpo huja hkyo zu||kyw `ky |ok|fo fkkebdcwk zwnyw jrjfbdc bdjfugbdc jrjfo znòwrwynbdbdc sbwa opoyr |oyzkd nwwodgbdc nwynbdbdc jkuyzo odwbwfog waykuca z|kdzkyzab|wk gbzjkudwz kd znòwr cony

|ykhkwo nd nhibwbkuz |ykcynhho k` jrjfo

znòwr njykzz Fkdgkd

Hnebdc wao Jrjfo Abyo zjaoho skye `ky nff k`

Fkdgkd

\nyw k` odjkuyncbdc jrjfbdc bz hnebdc wao jrjfoabyo zjaoho skye huja iowwoy$ Znwbz`njwbkd k`wakzo sak yocbzwoy ndg njwunf uzo n ibeo bzgyk||bdc sabfo hndr `bdg wao jnzunf uzoyzzjaoho wkk jkh|fbjnwog$ Wao Fbioynf Gohkjynwz`byzw ngpkjnwog n ibeo abyo zjaoho bd 9


28/38


So nyo nfzk jkdjoydog nw cyksbdc dkbzo bd waozeboz k` Fkdgkd `ykh npbnwbkd bdjfugbdc

aofbjk|woyz$

So sbff=

k||kzo ndr yudsnr nfwoydnwbkd |fndz nwAonwayks ndg ndr bdjyonzo bd wao duhioy

k` dbcaw `fbcawz kpoy Fkdgkd

zu||kyw nbyfbdoz wk yopbos waoby zfkwz nwFkdgkdz nby|kywz zsbwjabdc zfkwz `ykh zakyw

anuf ykuwoz wk Ouyk|o wk zoypbjbdc ohoycbdc

fkdc anuf hnyeowz wk odzuyo waor nyo iobdc

uzog bd wao zhnywozw snr hbdbhbzbdc oh|wr`fbcawz

uzo fnycoy nbyjyn`w saoyo n||yk|ybnwo wk

bdjyonzo jn|njbwr wk yogujo wao doog `ky`fbcawz ndg juw gksd kd jkdcozwbkd nw

oqbzwbdc nby|kywz

skye sbwa jodwynf ckpoydhodw wk gopofk|

hkyo nfwoydnwbpo ndg zuzwnbdnifo `kyhz k`

wynpof waykuca hkyo bdpozwhodw bd wao ynbf

dowskye bdjfugbdc abca z|oog ynbf

|oyzungo jodwynf ckpoydhodw k` wao doog

`ky huja zwykdcoy jkdwykf kpoy wao ykuwoz

wanw jkhhoyjbnf aofbjk|woyz uzo ndg kd waowbho yozwybjwbkdz bdjfugbdc n jkdcozwbkd

janyco kd aofbjk|woyz uzbdc zjnyjo nby wyn``bj

ykuwoz oz|ojbnffr `ky ngpoywbzbdc

N GOJJODW N@@KYGNIFO AKHO$

@KY OPOYR FKDGKDOY$Wao zakywnco k` akuzbdc ndg k` n``kygnifo

akhoz bd |nywbjufny bzdw muzw n jybzbz `ky bdgbpbgunfFkdgkdoyz5 bw anz iojkho n auco jkdzwynbdw kdFkdgkdz ojkdkhbj cykswa$ Yodwz kuwzbgo waoyocufnwog zkjbnf zojwky nyo ynjbdc naong nzcyksbdc gohndg kuwzwyb|z npnbfnifo zu||fr ndgakuzo |ybjoz bd Fkdgkd jkdwbduo wk ybzo ncnbdzw

wao _E wyodg$

_fwbhnwofr wao yonf ndzsoy bz n gynhnwbj bdjyonzobd wao duhioy k` akhoz k` nff wr|oz bd Fkdgkd$

Ikwa |yopbkuz hnrkyz nycuo nikuw wnycowz ndg|oyjodwncoz sabfo `nbfbdc wk njabopo wao zwo|(

jandco bd duhioyz doogog$ N Fbioynf GohkjynwHnrky ndg Nzzohifr sbff fong n hnzzbpo akhoiubfgbdc yopkfuwbkd wk hoow Fkdgkdoyz akuzbdcdoogz ndg waykuca jkdzwyujwbkd anpo ndbhhogbnwo bh|njw kd mkiz ndg udoh|fkrhodw$

Kuy |fnd bz `ky :0


29/38


Fkdgkdz akuzbdc njjkudwz `ky :0/ k` wkwnf

jnyikd ohbzzbkdz

Fndg `ky Fkdgkdoyz

Wao fndg bz npnbfnifo sbwabd Fkdgkd wk hoow kuycyksbdc doogz huja k` bw bd |uifbj ksdoyzab|

ndg jkhbdc udgoy wao gbyojw janyco k` wao Hnrky$Sbwa wao hoycbdc k` Akhoz ndg Jkhhudbwboz

Ncodjr ndg Fkdgkd Gopofk|hodw Ncodjr`udjwbkdz udgoy Jbwr Anff wao CFN sbff io wao

fnycozw |uifbj zojwky fndgksdoy bd wao jn|bwnf$

N wkwnf nyon o~unwbdc :37?an !ky 9$?/ k` wao

odwbyo nyon k` Cyonwoy Fkdgkd" jkufg iojfnzzb`bog nz Iyksd`bofg$ K` wabz kpoy 9< |oy jodw

bz ksdog ir wao |uifbj zojwky$

Wao juyyodw hnrky zjyn||og abz |yogojozzkyz

wnycow wanw ?


30/38


poabjfo wk nzzohifo |uifbj fndg ndg hnwja bwsbwa |ybpnwo bdpozwhodw zk iybdcbdc `kysnyghnmky dos gopofk|hodwz

k`òy zhnffoy akuzbdc nzzkjbnwbkdz wao nibfbwrwk ynbzo fknd jn|bwnf waykuca n FkdgkdAkuzbdc Ikdg zu||kywog ir Jbwr Anff wknjjozz ùdgz bd wao znho snr fnycoynzzkjbnwbkdz nyo bdjyonzbdcfr nifo wk

janffodco indez ndg hkywcnco jkh|ndbozwk odzuyo ngo~unwo ùdgz nyo npnbfnifo `kywakzo sak jnd n``kyg wk |uyjanzo ndgjkdwbduo wk k`òy aof| `ky `byzw wbho(iuroyzndg waykuca zanyog o~ubwr zjaohoz wkiur wao npoynco Fkdgkd akho sbwa n 3?/hkywcnco juyyodwfr doogz nd bdjkho k`13?


31/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco :< k` :0

hbqog jkhhudbwboz bdjyonzo wao duhioy k``nhbfr(zb}og akhoz ndg `kzwoy n iowwoyfbpo+skye+|fnr jkhibdnwbkd bd gopofk|hodwz bdjfugbdc anydozzbdc wao |ksoy k` gbcbwnfwojadkfkcboz ndg zu|oy`nzw iykngindg zkyogujbdc wao doog wk wynpof fkdc gbzwndjoz

\ykwojwbdc wodndwz ndg fonzoakfgoyz ndg

aof|bdc fndgfkygz

Wao |ybpnwo yodwog zojwky bz nfyongr |fnrbdc ncyksbdc ykfo bd hoowbdc Fkdgkdz akuzbdc doogz$So sndw wk zu||kyw ndg |ykwojw wakzo yodwbdc|yk|oywboz bd Fkdgkd ndg cunyg ncnbdzw waonjwbpbwboz k` udzjyu|ufkuz fndgfkygz$

So sbff=

|ykhkwo wao o``ojwbpo yocbzwynwbkd k` |ybpnwofndgfkygz uzbdc fkjnf nuwakybwboz oqwodzbpo|ksoyz udgoy wao Akuzbdc Njw 9


32/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco :> k` :0

zwndgnygz bdpkfpbdc wodndwz ndg kwaoy ckkghndncohodw bzzuoz wanw sbff bdjyonzo waonpnbfnifo zwkje k` akuzbdc

|ykwojw wodndwz `ykh zkjbnf fndgfkygz sakniuzo wao dos `foqbifo |ksoyz kpoy

wodndjboz ndg yodw fopofz skye sbwa fndgfkygz ndg wao pkfudwnyr zojwky

wk odzuyo ykuca zfoo|oyz gkdw muzw anpo nwoh|kynyr iog `ky wao dbcaw iuw n |nwasnrbdwk zojuyo akuzbdc dos zebffz ndg n

|oyhndodw mki zk odgbdc wao zjkuyco kàkhofozzdozz bd kuy jn|bwnf jbwr

\fnddbdc `ky n iowwoy ùwuyo

Wao Hnrky anz zwykdc |ksoyz ikwa wk zow waozwynwocbj gopofk|hodw `ynhoskye `ky Fkdgkd ndgwk hneo bdgbpbgunf |fnddbdc gojbzbkdz irjkhhodwbdc kd ikykucaz gojbzbkdz gbyojwbdc

yoùznf ndg wnebdc kpoy fnyco gopofk|hodwz `kygbyojw gojbzbkd ir Jbwr Anff$

So sbff=

yopbzo wao Fkdgkd \fnd iubfgbdc n jykzz(|nywr jykzz(zojwky jkdzodzuz kd hoowbdcFkdgkdz cykswa doogz sbwabd njjo|wnifoodpbykdhodwnf ndg zkjbnf jkdzwynbdwz ndg

waod bdwoypodbdc zwykdcfr saoyogopofk|hodwz nyo ifkjeog wanw nyo bd waojkhhkd ckkg

k|od u| wao gojbzbkd(hnebdc |ykjozz nwJbwr Anff zk hoowbdcz nyo aofg bd |uifbj ndg

jkhhudbwr cyku|z cow wao znho njjozz nzgopofk|oyz bd bd`fuodjbdc gojbzbkdz

akfg |uifbj jkdzufwnwbkdz kpoy zk(jnffogk||kywudbwr nyonz ndg bdwodzb`bjnwbkd

nyonz odgbdc wao zwbwja(u| iowsood waoCFN ndg zkho jkudjbfz

odzuyo gopofk|hodw bz jkdjodwynwog kd

iyksd`bofg fndg wk |ykwojw Fkdgkdz k|odz|njoz ndg wao cyood iofw nykudg wao

jn|bwnf

zu||kyw cyonwoy godzbwr ndg wnff iubfgbdcz bd

n||yk|ybnwo jfuzwoyz kdfr

|ykwojw wao abzwkybj fbdoz k` zbcaw ndg pbosbdc

jkyybgkyz njykzz wao jn|bwnf

zu||kyw zhnff yownbfoyz ndg |ykhkwo mki

jyonwbkd bd kuwoy Fkdgkd wk odzuyo n

infndjog ojkdkhr ndg fozz doog wk

jkhhuwo fkdc gbzwndjoz

Z_ZWNBDNIFO FBPBDC BD FKDGKD$

Bw bz ozwbhnwog wanw wao snr so fbpo bd Fkdgkdwkgnr uzoz yozkuyjoz nz wakuca waoyo soyo wayoo|fndowz dkw zbh|fr wao kdo so anpo$ FbioynfGohkjynwz zu||kyw wao pbzbkd k` kdo |fndowfbpbdc gopofk|og ir Fkdgkd(inzog Ibkyocbkdnf

sbwa wao odpbykdhodwnf janybwr SS@$ Fkdgkdzojkdkhr sbff waybpo bd n ùwuyo saoyo so hoowhkyo k` kuy doogz `ykh fkjnf yodosnifo ndgsnzwo yozkuyjoz ndg odnifo Fkdgkdoyz wk odmkrn abca ~unfbwr k` fbò sbwabd waoby `nby zanyo k` waoonywa#z yozkuyjoz$

_zbdc òsoy yozkuyjoz hondz kuy |fndz sbff nfzkyogujo wao jkzw k` fbpbdc oz|ojbnffr ùof ibffz

jyonwo hkyo mkiz bh|ykpo Fkdgkdoyz aonfwajfond u| wao jbwr yogujo wao ybze k` oqwyohosonwaoy `ykh jfbhnwo jandco ndg aof| hneoFkdgkd hkyo yozbfbodw wk ùwuyo odoycr ndg `kkgzakywncoz$

Eor `njwz

Fkdgkd jyonwoz 9


33/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco :9 k` :0

\kky bdzufnwbkd hondz Fkdgkdz akhoznjjkudw `ky hkyo wand n wabyg k` nff JK9ohbzzbkdz

>$9?h |ok|fo fbpo nw ybze `ykh wbgnf ky `fupbnf`fkkg ybze sbwa hndr hkyo nw ybze k` zuy`njo

snwoy `fkkgbdc

Jfond aonfwar nby

Nby |kffuwbkd bd wao jn|bwnf bz wao skyzw bd wao _E`ky gndcoykuz nbyikydo |nywbjfoz !\H>< ndg\H9$?"$ So anpo wao abcaozw nddunf dbwykcodgbkqbgo !DK9" fopofz k` ndr jbwr bd Ouyk|o$ Wabz|kffuwbkd anz n zoybkuz aonfwa bh|njw= bw jnuzozwakuzndgz k` |yohnwuyo gonwaz ndg hneoz

yoz|bynwkyr jkdgbwbkdz zuja nz nzwahn skyzo$Wao Jnh|nbcd `ky Jfond Nby bd Fkdgkd anzjanh|bkdog sanw doogz wk io gkdo$ Iuw ikwa|yopbkuz hnrkyz anpo `nbfog wk ybzo wk waojanffodco ndg wneo wao njwbkd doogog wk hoowfocnf ndg aonfwa fbhbwz$

So sbff=

yopbzo wao Nby ûnfbwr Zwynwocr wk zow kuwoqnjwfr sanw doogz wk io gkdo ndg irsakh wk njabopo jfond aonfwar nby `kyFkdgkdoyz saoyo wabz yo~ubyoz njwbkd irckpoydhodw so sbff fkiir anyg `ky jandco

`kjuz kd jfondbdc u| wyndz|kyw irgozbcdnwbdc n dos jfond nby }kdo bd jodwynfFkdgkd zk wao kfgozw hkzw |kffuwbdc gbozofpoabjfoz nyo gowoyyog `ykh gybpbdc saoyo wao

|kffuwbkd |ykifoh bz skyzw5 z|oogbdc u| waojkdpoyzbkd k` iuzoz ndg wnqboz wk jfondoyodcbdoz ndg |ykhkwo nfwoydnwbpoz fbeojrjfbdc ndg snfebdc

skye `ky fkdc woyh jandcoz wk wao iubfwodpbykdhodw ndg wk dos gopofk|hodwz wkyogujo ohbzzbkdz `ykh jkdzwyujwbkd ndg`ykh ikbfoyz

ynbzo |uifbj nsnyodozz nikuw wao aonfwajybzbz nz bw oz|ojbnffr n`òjwz rkudc |ok|fo

ndg kfgoy jbwb}odz hnebdc zuyo wanw nffikykucaz ( ndg sbwabd wanw nff zjakkfz ( anponby ~unfbwr bh|ykpohodw |fndz ndg o`òjwbpohkdbwkybdc

Kuy Ibc Zsbwja |yk|kznfz sbff njabopo n yn|bgbdjyonzo bd wao duhioy k` ofojwybj poabjfoz kd kuyzwyoowz `kjuzog kd abca hbfonco iuzoz wnqbz ndgfbcaw ckkgz poabjfoz$ Wabz sbff juw wnbf |b|o|kffuwbkd ndg aof| hoow JK9 yogujwbkd wnycowz$

]oyk jnyikd Fkdgkd

Saod k|oynwbkdnf wao Fkdgkd Nyynr k` sbdgwuyibdoz k`` wao Eodw jknzw sbff |ykpbgo odkucaofojwybjbwr wk |ksoy n ~unywoy k` Fkdgkdz akhoz$Gopofk|hodwz kd wabz zjnfo zaks sanw bz|kzzbifo cbpod nhibwbkd$ Fbioynf Gohkjynwz zow nikfg wnycow `ky Fkdgkd wk iojkho }oyk jnyikd ir

9


34/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco :: k` :0

]oyk snzwo Fkdgkd

Wao poyr bgon k` yuiibza iobdc wayksd nsnrzakufg io n wabdc k` wao |nzw$ N cyonw jbwr fbeoFkdgkd jnddkw n``kyg wk snzwo bwz snzwo$ Sohuzw zow n fkdc woyh cknf k` n jfkzog fkk|

n||yknja saoyoir uzo k` hnwoybnfz bz yogujogyouzog saoyo |kzzbifo ndg yojrjfog `ky `uywaoyuzo$ Skyebdc sbwa wao ikykucaz ndg wao FkdgkdSnzwo ndg Yojrjfbdc Iknyg so sbff=

zow wkuca wnycowz `ky yogujbdc wao nhkudw k`snzwo |ykgujog ir bdgbpbgunfz ndgiuzbdozzoz bd wao jn|bwnf ndg `ky youzo ndgyojrjfbdc ir ikykucaz ndg gbz|kznf

nuwakybwboz bdwykgujo kkg snzwo jkffojwbkdz bd opoyr

ikykuca nz n zwo| wksnygz njkh|yoaodzbpo zrzwoh k` zo|nynwo sow ndggyr jkffojwbkdz

zu||kyw hkpoz ir hndu`njwuyoyz wkhbdbhbzo |njencbdc ndg zbh|fb`rbdc wao hbqk` |fnzwbjz odwoybdc wao snzwo zwyonh

bh|ykpo yojrjfbdc ynwoz ykh `fnwz (

juyyodwfr kdfr nykudg >


35/38


bdjfugo saod zowwbdc |ybjo jn|z

kygoy n `bdnf bdgo|odgodw yopbos k` waoWanhoz Wuddof zk wanw nff Fkdgkdoyz jndio nizkfuwofr joywnbd wanw wao wuddof bz waokdfr snr wk nggyozz wao |ykifoh k` wao~unfbwr k` wao snwoy bd wao Wanhoz

|ykhkwo hkyo `kkg cyksbdc bd ndg nykudgFkdgkd wk yogujo `kkg hbfoz ndg bdjyonzoFkdgkdz yozbfbodjo$

zu||kyw wao hkpo wk @nby Wyngo njykzzFkdgkd

skye wk oq|ndg wao @yoza Jnywz zjaoho wk?zw

jodwuyr Dnwbkdnf Aonfwa Zoypbjo$

Iowwoy skyebdc iowsood ncodjboz

Zngfr pbjwbhz k` edbò jybho nyo wkk k`wodnghbwwog bd wk Fkdgkdz akz|bwnfz$ NjykzzFkdgkd >? akz|bwnfz nyo jkffojwbdc bd`kyhnwbkd

nikuw wao |yojbzo fkjnwbkdz ndg wbhoz k` pbkfodwbdjbgodwz ndg zanybdc wanw bd`kyhnwbkdndkdrhkuzfr sbwa wao Howyk|kfbwnd \kfbjo zknffksbdc waoh wk uzo wanw bdwoffbcodjo wk wnjefoedbò jybho$ Wabz bz kdo oqnh|fo saoyo ncodjbozhuzw skye iowwoy wkcowaoy$

So sbff=

uzo ikwa wao Hnrkyz K``bjo `ky \kfbjbdc ndg

Jybho ndg wao Fkdgkd Aonfwa Bh|ykpohodwIknyg wk |oyzungo wao obcaw akz|bwnfz dkwjuyyodwfr |ykpbgbdc wao bd`kyhnwbkd bdjfugbdc zkho N&O go|nywhodwz bd waonyonz sbwa wao abcaozw bdjbgodjoz k` edbòjybho wk jkk|oynwo sbwa wao |kfbjo

hndgnwo Wyndz|kyw `ky Fkdgkd wk |ykhkwoaonfwa bd nff bw gkoz `ykh juwwbdc waon||nffbdc 91


36/38

YOZA BGONZ$ @KY FKDGKD$ \nco :? k` :0

znpbdcz ndg |ykpbgo n iowwoy zoypbjo wk

Fkdgkdoyz$

hneo zuyo wao fnzw rony k` wao Jufwuynf

Kfrh|bng bz n zujjozz fonpbdc n focnjr

o`òjwbpofr zaksjnzbdc nff Fkdgkd anz wk

k`òy

jkdwbduo wk zu||kyw wao Huzouh k` Fkdgkd

ndg skye sbwa waoh wk zojuyo wao ùwuyo k`wao abzwkybjnf ifuo fbcaw jkffojwbkdz

bdjfugbdc eoo|bdc k|od wao @byo Zoypbjo

Huzouh udwbf n |oyhndodw akho bz

gopofk|og

Zojuybdc wao Kfrh|bj focnjr

Wakzo bdpkfpog bd |yo|nybdc ndg zwncbdc wao

Kfrh|bj ndg \nynfrh|bj Cnhoz anpo gkdo n

yohnyenifo mki bd gofbpoybdc wao |fndz ncnbdzw nd

oqnjwbdc wbhownifo$ Fkdgkd anz zaksd wao skyfg

aks wk |yo|nyo `ky wao Cnhoz$ Aksopoy wao

ufwbhnwo wozw k` waoby zujjozz bz dkw nd oq|odzbpo

zbq sooe z|kywbdc jofoiynwbkd iuw wao fnzwbdc

focnjr bd mkiz zebffz akhoz ndg jkhhudbwr

`njbfbwboz$

Wao yojkyg k` cowwbdc udoh|fkrog Fkdgkdoyz wk

skye kd jkdzwyujwbdc wao Kfrh|bj poduoz snz

gbzn||kbdwbdc$ Zk so sbff odzuyo wanw wao Fkdgkd

Focnjr Gopofk|hodw Jky|kynwbkd wao `byzw doshnrkynf gopofk|hodw jky|kynwbkd zowz ndg

waod njabopoz oqnjwbdc wnycowz `ky jyonwbdc fkjnf

mkiz ndg wynbdbdc iubfgbdc n``kygnifo akhoz ndg

bdwocynwbdc wao ûood Ofb}niowa Kfrh|bj \nye

FKDGKD NW \FNR$

Fkdgkd bz kdo k` wao cyonw jufwuynf jn|bwnfz k` waoskyfg$ Kuy waonwyoz huzouhz cnffoyboz ndgz|kywbdc poduoz |fnr n pbwnf ykfo bd jbwr fbò ndgaof| hneo Fkdgkd n pbiyndw ndg nwwynjwbpo |fnjobd sabja wk fbpo skye pbzbw ndg |fnr$

Waozo nzzowz zu||kyw wao jyonwbpbwr gbpoyzbwr ndgz|bybw k` bddkpnwbkd wanw wr|b`boz Fkdgkd$ Waornfzk udgoy|bd hndr k` wao jyonwbpo bdguzwybozsabja waybpo bd Fkdgkd `nzabkd ndg gozbcdjkhhudbjnwbkdz ndg |uifbzabdc zk`wsnyo ndgcnhoz$ Wkcowaoy waor |ykpbgo oh|fkrhodw `kynd ozwbhnwog 1


37/38


bdwk bwz sbgoy Onzw Odg jkhhudbwr$

So ùffr zu||kyw |fndz wk odzuyo yozbgodwz k`dobcaikuybdc ikykucaz cnbd o`òjwbpo ndgn``kygnifo njjozz wk wao hnmky z|kywbdc poduoz

zk odzuybdc ùff jkhhudbwr uzo$

Wk iubfg kd wao focnjr k` odandjog odwauzbnzh`ky z|kyw so sbff skye sbwa Fkdgkdz nhnwouyz|kywz nzzkjbnwbkdz wk gopofk| wao jkdjo|w k` ndnddunf Fkdgkd Cnhoz sbwa gbznifog ndg dkd(gbznifog z|kywzhod ndg skhod jkh|owbdc bdikykuca ndg waod Fkdgkd(sbgo jkdwozwz$ WaoFkdgkd Rkuwa Cnhoz @kudgnwbkd anz zaksdsanw jnd io gkdo ndg so sndw wk zoo wanwjkdwbduo ndg cyks sabfo wao Fkdgkd Hnynwakdgohkdzwynwoz aks Fkdgkdoyz odwauzbnzh jndio anydozzog kd n cyndg zjnfo$


38/38


HKYO BD@KYHNWBKD$

@ky hkyo bd`kyhnw bkd nikuw w aozo |kfbjoz ndg `ky

b ` wa F g Fbi f G w H b` w

liberal democrat london 2012 manifesto

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