lia court lia court dept. of natural resources & envir. management, haifa university & golan...
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LIA COURTLIA COURT Dept. of Natural Resources & Envir. Management, Haifa University & Golan Research inst , Israel
YOHAY CARMELYOHAY CARMEL Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Israel
OFER BAHATOFER BAHAT Raptor Conservation Project, SPNI & INPA, Israel
IDO IZHAKIIDO IZHAKI Dept. of Biology, Haifa University at Oranim, Israel
Land-Use Effect on the Land-Use Effect on the Foraging and Feeding of Foraging and Feeding of Eurasian Griffon Vultures Eurasian Griffon Vultures
((Gyps fulvusGyps fulvus)) inin Northern IsraelNorthern Israel
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The Eurasian Griffon VultureThe Eurasian Griffon Vulture ((Gyps fulvusGyps fulvus))
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Europe Asia
Africa
Resident
Eurasian Vulture World Eurasian Vulture World DistributionDistribution
Israel
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Griffon Vultures are gregariousGriffon Vultures are gregarious
Roosting ColonyRoosting Colony
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ReproductionReproduction
High (60-70%) chick mortality
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Rickets and Artifacts in NestlingsRickets and Artifacts in Nestlings
Lack of Calcium
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Feeding Station and Bone FragmentsFeeding Station and Bone Fragments
Supplement of crashed bones
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Research GoalResearch Goal
Identify the effect of land use and Identify the effect of land use and other environmental factors on the other environmental factors on the
foraging and feeding patterns of foraging and feeding patterns of Griffon vulturesGriffon vultures
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Research AreaResearch Area Research AreaResearch Area
AfricaAfrica
AsiaAsia
EuropeEurope
IsraelIsrael
Med
iterr
anea
n
Med
iterr
anea
n
Sea
Sea
EgyptEgypt
Jord
an
Jord
an
LebanonLebanon
Syr
iaS
yria
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Tested Independent VariablesTested Independent Variables
• SettlementsSettlements• RoadsRoads• Power linesPower lines• Water reservoirsWater reservoirs• Army fire zonesArmy fire zones• Nature reservesNature reserves• Grazing intensityGrazing intensity• Planted Trees Planted Trees
II. Land Use
III. Environmental factors
• TopographyTopography
• VegetationVegetation
• ClimateClimate
• Size – length & weight Size – length & weight
• SpeciesSpecies
• age age
• sexsex
• Condition Condition
• Availability time (since death)Availability time (since death)
I. Carcass characteristicsThe The dependent variabledependent variable was the usage of was the usage of
carcasses by Griffon vultures carcasses by Griffon vultures
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MethodsMethodsData analysisData analysis
• Locating and Locating and characterizing carcassescharacterizing carcasses
• Observations on usage by Observations on usage by vultures and other vultures and other scavengersscavengers
• Locating active nesting and Locating active nesting and roosting sitesroosting sites
• Digital relevant data layers Digital relevant data layers of land usesof land uses
• Spatial analysis – GISSpatial analysis – GIS
Creating a modelCreating a model to predict usage of to predict usage of available food by Griffon Vulturesavailable food by Griffon Vultures
• Statistical analysisStatistical analysis
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ResultsResults
Total of 237 carcasses – 83% CattleTotal of 237 carcasses – 83% Cattle
The rest - Horses, Sheep, Wild Boars, The rest - Horses, Sheep, Wild Boars, Gazelles & DogsGazelles & Dogs
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Logistic Regression ModelLogistic Regression ModelVariableVariableBBPP Value Value
Food Availability TimeFood Availability Time-0.3290.0000.000
Distance from TreesDistance from Trees0.0010.0000.000
Army Fire ZoneArmy Fire Zone1.4370.0010.001
Distance Power LinesDistance Power Lines0.00040.0040.004
Nature ReserveNature Reserve-1.0460.0320.032
Distance from Nest SiteDistance from Nest Site-9.9*10-50.0330.033
AspectAspect0.0040.0480.048
Carcass LengthCarcass Length0.0040.0500.050
ConstantConstant2.4270.076
RR22 = 0.494 = 0.494
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Food Availability TimeFood Availability Time(Time since the death of the animal)(Time since the death of the animal)
010203040506070
1 2 3 4 5-7 8-14 >14Days
No
. of C
arca
sses
Used
Not Used
26=64.54, P<0.01
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Distance from TreesDistance from Trees(Plantations & Orchards)(Plantations & Orchards)
0
10
20
30
40
50
0-100 100-500 500-1500 >1500
Distance from Trees (m)
No
. of
Ca
rca
ss
es
Used
Not Used2
3=10.63, P<0.05
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Active Army Fire ZonesActive Army Fire Zones
0
20
40
60
80
100
Yes NoActive Fire Zone
No
. of C
arca
sses
Used
Not Used
21=1.56, P>0.05
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Distance from Power LineDistance from Power Line
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0-100 100-500 500-1500 1500-2500 >2500
Distance from Power Lines (m)
No
. of
Ca
rca
ss
es
Used
Not Used
24=10.7, P<0.05
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Distance from nesting sitesDistance from nesting sites
0
10
20
30
40
50
0-5 5-10 10-15 >15Distance (Km)
No
. of
Ca
rca
ss
es
Used
Not Used2
3=13.83, P<0.01
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ConclusionsConclusions We have successfully established a model We have successfully established a model
that predicts the optimal location of that predicts the optimal location of carcasses for Griffon vulture usage.carcasses for Griffon vulture usage.
The model may be used as :
• Tool for making management of the Griffon vultures more efficient and beneficial
• Environmental planning aid to predict future development scenarios impact
• Contribute to conservation and rehabilitation in order to repair anthropogenic damages
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Many ThanksMany Thanks
• The farmers and citizens of the Golan HeightsThe farmers and citizens of the Golan Heights
• Nature Reserve and Parks Authority wardensNature Reserve and Parks Authority wardens
• My devoted tutors My devoted tutors
• The Golan Research Institute and Garelik The Golan Research Institute and Garelik family for the generous grantfamily for the generous grant
• And last but not least, my supportive family And last but not least, my supportive family that has been touring with methat has been touring with me the Golan fieldsthe Golan fields
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