lhc ~e -2.7 ~e -3 ankle 1 part km -2 yr -1 knee 1 part m -2 yr -1 t. gaisser 2005 nature accelerates...
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LHC
~E-2.7
~E-2.7
~E-3
ankle
1 part km-2 yr-1
knee
1 part m-2 yr-1
T. Gaisser 2005
Nature Nature accelerates accelerates particles 10particles 10
77 times the times the energy of energy of
LHC!LHC!
where?where?
how?how?
cosmic rays
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flux of extra-galactic cosmic rays
1128
7210
19
srseccmGeV103
srsec)103()cm10(eV10
}dEdN
E{E
ankle one 1019 eV particleper km squared per sec per sr
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flux = velocity x density :
Ec)dEdN
E(dE4
319
min
max
3
8
E
cmTeV
10EE
log
cmGeV
dEE103
c4
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RadiationEnvelopingBlack Hole
Black Hole
p + -> n + +
~ cosmic ray + neutrino -> p + 0
~ cosmic ray + gamma
NEUTRINO BEAMS: HEAVEN & EARTHNeutrino Beams: Heaven & Earth
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collapse of massivestar produces a
gamma ray burst
highest energy
particles
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we know that :• Black holes accelerate electrons: seen as synchrotron photons
• Black holes accelerate protons: seen as cosmic rays
• Black holes are surrounded by radiation fields and gases
cosmic beam dumps exist
cosmic ray puzzle: where is the black hole ?
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Waxman-Bahcall Flux
GZK
HCR d
d21
21
in + decay
oscillations
ee
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detection method
lattice of light sensors
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• events per km2 year:
dEPdEdN
timearea2N
1128
srscmGeVE103
)GeV(E
10 9
events70EE
log15Nmin
max
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gamma ray bursts
WBWBpGRB 2.0f
sources are transparentsources are transparent
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Hillas formula
qBRcR
qBRR
R)qBE
(Rgyro