level 2 award in communications cabling training services ... · pdf filethe basic principles...

Cable TelecommunicationsTraining Services Ltd

ctts

BasicPrinciples ofCommunicationsSystemsThis unit is concerned with safe working practices and

the basic principles of communications systems.

This is the core unit of the C&G 3667-02 qualification

and must be completed in addition to one of the

optional units of Unit 102, Unit 103 or Unit 104 to

achieve the full Level 2 Award in Communications

Cabling.

CITY & GUILDS 3667-02 Unit 101Level 2 Award in Communications Cabling

SatelliteCommunications

Data Communications

Fibre Optics

Telecommunications andInformation CommunicationTechnologies

Unit 101 Basic Principles of Communications Cabling

Outcome 1Identify the safe working practices incommunication systems

Underpinning knowledge

You will be able to:• State the rules for safe working when

undertaking installation including:

1. Statutory requirements

2. Working in confined spaces and

3. Electrical safety

• State the rules for safe working when carrying out preparation in terms of

1. Safe use of cutting and stripping tools

2. Safe handling and containment of cleaning materials

3. The disposal of waste material

• State the rules for safe working and any special precautions when splicing in terms of

1. Identification of hazardous working conditions

2. Selection and use of tools and materials

3. The dangers of high voltage systems employed in fusion splicing machines

• State the rules for safe working and any special precautions to be observed when terminating the cables in terms of

1. Identification of hazardous working conditions

2. Correct and safe use of tools and equipment

3. Correct waste disposal

4. Storage of tools

5. Safe working when handling cable

6. Care in using chemicals for cleaning

7. Care in use of resins and adhesives

Outcome 2Describe the basic principles ofcommunication systems

Underpinning knowledge

• S1 Units and symbolsYou will be able to:

1. Identify basic SI Units2. Identify names and symbols for

preferred SI prefixes3. Identify waves and wave motion4. Define amplitude, wavelength (�),

frequency (f) and the unit of frequency (hertz)

5. State the relationship velocity, frequency and wavelength (v = f�)

6. Define “efficiency” in terms of input and output energy

• Basic electricity (DC)You will be able to:

1. Recognise the international standard symbols for electrical components

2. State the effects of an electrical current

3. Distinguish between electrical conductors and insulators

4. State the S1 units of current (ampere), potential difference (volt) and resistance(ohm)

5. State Ohm’s law and use the law to solve simple electrical circuit problems

• Communication SystemsYou will be able to:

1. State the meaning of “telecommunications”

2. Identify basic communication systems

3. Outline the basic principles ofcable systems

4. State the sources of interface5. List sources of distortion6. Identify the properties of differing

types of transmission links (channels)7. Identify various methods of

communicating over a channel8. Identify types of information carried

by communication systems9. State the systems available for

communication10. Categorise signals into audio, video

and data types11. State the differences between

analogue and digital signals12. State the meaning of bandwidth13. State the meaning of the baseband

of complex signals14. Recognise that analogue information

may be converted to digital signals and vice versa

15. State that variation of the amplitude, frequency or phase of a carrier wave can be used to convey information

16. State the meaning of “gain” in communication systems

17. State the meaning of “attenuation” in communication systems

18. Explain why gain and attenuation are usually measured in decibels (dBs)

19. State the relationship for the power ratio expressed in dBs for a number of ratios and vice versa

20. Calculate in dBs the overall gain and/or attenuation of simple systems given the gain/attenuation of the individual stages

21. Explain the meaning of multiplexing in communication systems

22. State the advantages and disadvantages of optical fibre compared to copper

• Data CommunicationYou will be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of a network2. State that data networks allow

computers or other data terminals to exchange information

3. State the advantages of digital communication over analogue methods

4. Recognise that digital networks carry binary information

5. Distinguish between “bits” and “bytes”6. State the meaning of bit error rate

and give typical figures for copper and optical fibre

7. Explain that there are two methods of transporting data: serial and parallel

8. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of transmitting data by serial and parallel methods

9. Identify applications for serial data communication and parallel data communication

10. Explain why “modems” are required for computer communication over analogue lines

11. State that there are three main categories of computer networks

12. Identify the basic topologies of computer networks

CTTS LtdThe National Training Centre,Jubilee Place, Lindum Business Park,Station Road, North Hykeham,Lincolnshire LN6 3QX UKT: +44 (0)1522 880900F: +44 (0)1522 880901E: [email protected]

MARK SKINNER

Ex Royal Marines

Formula 1 Communications Specialist

MAL POWYS

Ex Army

Comms Engineer in Afghanistan

Success stories


ctts

N R A S W ASigning, Lighting and Guarding

NRASWA stands for The New Road& Street Works ActThe qualification is the City & Guilds 6156 StreetWorks Excavation & Reinstatement Unit 2 Signing,Lighting & Guarding for Operatives.

This is a mandatory qualification required by employersfor engineers and technicians carrying out works onpublic highways and footpaths, such as installing cables,CCTV, fibre optic jointing, working on street cabinets,running fibre to the home.

You will learn:

• The Code of Practice for Safety of Street Works andRoad Works

• Carry out on site Risk Assessments

• Undertake site surveys

• Protect pedestrians, vehicular traffic and site personnel

• Make provision for portable vehicle activated trafficlights

• Signing, lighting & guarding of the works areain accordance with the Code of Practice

Also available is Unit 10, Monitoring SigningLighting & Guarding for Supervisors.

CITY & GUILDS 6156 Unit 2

Operatives

Vehicle ActivatedSystems

Current Legislation

The Code of Practice


ctts

N R A S W ASigning, Lighting and Guarding for Supervisors

NRASWA stands for The New Road& Street Works ActThis qualification is the City & Guilds 6156 StreetWorks Excavation & Reinstatement Unit 10 MonitoringSigning, Lighting & Guarding for Supervisors.

This is a mandatory qualification required by employersfor engineers and technicians supervising works on publichighways and footpaths, such as installing cables, CCTV,Fibre optic jointing, working on street cabinets, runningfibre to the home.

You will be able to:

• Monitor a work site survey

• Monitor site safety

• Monitor action taken to protect pedestrians, vehicular traffic and site personnel

• Monitor provision of portable traffic signs

Also available is Unit 2, Signing, Lighting & Guarding for Operatives.

MONITORING SIGNING, LIGHTING &GUARDING FOR SUPERVISORS Unit 10


DANNY GRIMLEY

Ex Infantry

Cable TV Installer

Success stories

STU CONNOR

Ex Army

Comms Engineer, London

See more success stories at:www.cable-training.co.uk and view the‘been there done that’ section.


ctts

AccessNetworksModern access networks are being built across Europe

deploying the latest technologies from ADSL to Fibre

To The Home 21st century networks technologies and

topologies set new challenges for the technicians and

engineers working in the access network domain.

This qualification provides the learners with the

underpinning knowledge and practical skills to meet

the challenges and needs of the industry.

BTEC ADVANCED AWARD LEVEL 3

Outside Plant

Network Testingand Activation

Overhead Networks

Termination Techniques

BTEC Advanced Award in Access Networks

UNIT 1ACCESS NETWORKSSYSTEMS

Module 1Overview of Core, Metropolitan and AccessNetworks

You will learn:• Where Access Networks fit into a national

telecommunications network. OSI SevenLayer Model

Module 2HFC Networks

You will learn:• Resistance Circuits and Ohms Law

• AC Waveforms

• Decibels and Reference Levels

• Digitising Analogue Information and Data Signal Generation

• Modulation Techniques, PCM, QAM, QPSK,COFDM, AM, FM

• Analogue and Digital Television Signals,MPEG-2 Encoding

• Digital CATV and Telephony SystemTopology (Digital Media Centre, RegionalHeadends and Hub Sites)

• Fibre Nodes and Repeater Amplifiers

• Coaxial and Optical Fibre Cables andAssociated Components

• CNR and Bit Error Ratio

• Forward and Reverse Paths

• Functions of Subscriber Installed Equipment– Set Top Box, Cable Modem

• Test Equipment

Module 3Passive Optical Networks

You will learn:• Emerging Technologies

• FTTX

• PON

• FTTH

• BPON, GPON, GEPON, APON

• Optical Line Terminal (OLT)

• Optical Network Terminal (ONT)

• Fibre Optic Splitters

• OSP & ISP

Module 421st Century Access Networks

You will learn:• Key Technologies

• Internet Protocol (IP)

• Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)

• Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

• Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)

• Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)

• Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

• ATM, XDSL, MSAM

• Telephony theory (analogue and digital),ISDN, access and core networks

• Basic elements of TDM systems – switching,multiplexing, PDH, SDH, basic and primaryrates, ISDN 2 Mbs circuits, ADSL and ATM

• Functions of customer installed equipment –telephone circuit, Centrex, Fax

Module 5Installation of Access Networks

You will learn:

• Health & Safety, Risk Assessment working atheight

• Customer Skills

• Common Sense of Decorum

• Preparation, Tooling, Equipment

• Surveying Drop Path

• ISP

• OSP

• Coaxial Cables

• Siamese drop cables

• IDC Termination Techniques

• Telephone Cables

• Coaxial F Connectors

• Multiple Pair Voice CW1308

• DPs

• MDF’s

• Test Equipment

• Multi-meters 9083

• TDR’s

• Spirient Hawk Testers

• Gas Testing OSP

UNIT 2INSTALLATION,MAINTENANCE ANDSERVICE OF ACCESSNETWORKS

Module 6Installation of Subscribers EquipmentYou will learn:• Installation of Customer Premises

Equipment (CPE)

• Network Terminal Equipment (NTE)

• Telephony circuits, Modems and set topboxes home hubs coaxial drop cables

• Access Network Subscribers Installation

• Access Testing Copper, Fault-Finding &Rectification Telephony, CATV and Modems

• Use of Test Equipment

• SLM

• TDR’s

• Telephone Butt Sets

• Tone and Probe Generators

• Fault Diagnosis

Module 7Optical Fibre Access NetworksYou will learn:• Optical Fibre Light Basics

• Fibre Splicing & Connectorising

• Insertion Loss Measurement (ILM)

• Smart Test Equipment

• Access Network Testing Optical Fibres

• Access OTDR Testing


STEWART WYLLIE

Ex Army

Cable Installer, Canada

BILL PRIDEAUX

Ex Royal Navy Chef

Cable TV Installer

NATHAN CHERRY

Ex Royal Irish

Fibre Engineer in Afghanistan

Success stories

See more success stories at:www.cable-training.co.uk and view the‘been there done that’ section.


ctts

CopperCabling inan InternalEnvironmentThis unit is concerned with the safe installation,

procedures and testing of copper communication

cables. With the phenomenal growth of Data

Communications and the Internet, there is a real

requirement for trained technicians who can install

and test data networks for a wide range of

applications. Utilising our LIVE Ethernet and

LAN/WAN simulators, we bring the reality of the

working environment into the classroom.

This course gives you all the skills you need

to install and test copper based

communications cables.


TerminationTechniques

Voice Cabling

Cabling Media andInfrastructures

Testing Standards

Unit 104 Copper Cabling in an Internal Environment

Outcome 1Work safely with copper cabling in aninternal environment

Practical activitiesYou will:• Conduct a risk assessment prior to

installation of copper cables in an internalenvironment

• Work safely when installing, terminating andtesting copper cables in an internalenvironment

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the rules for safe working with copper

cabling when undertaking installation

• State the rules for safe working with coppercabling when carrying out preparation

• State the rules for safe working in terms ofelectrical safety

• State the safe use of battery/electricallypowered test equipment and power leads

Outcome 2Understand basic electrical theory andsafety with reference to datacommunications cabling

Practical activitiesYou will:• Use a multi-meter to measure voltage and

resistance

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the materials that make up electrical

conductors and insulators

• Explain capacitance and inductance andtheir relationship to an electrical cable

• Identify analogue and digital signals

• Identify SI measurement prefixes

• Describe the relationship between MHz andMbits

• Explain return loss, equal level far end crosstalk (ELFEXT), powersum calculations, delayskew, propagation delay, attenuation-to-crosstalk ratio (ACR), length, attenuation,near end cross talk (NEXT), wire map, dcloop resistance, normal velocity ofpropagation (NVP) and bandwidth

• State the effect of copper cable signalling

• State the rules for copper cable installationand management

Outcome 3Install copper communication cabling,following recommended installationprocedures in accordance with currentapplicable standards

Practical activitiesYou will:• Check cable and components before

installation

• Undertake a site survey prior to commencingwork

• Check that correct cable laying proceduresare followed

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the various cable topologies available

for the installation of copper cables

• State the different cable types available foruse in copper networks

• State the relevant classes, standards andcategories of cabling

• State the installation techniques

• State the rules and any special precautionsto be observed when carrying outinstallation

Outcome 4Terminate copper communication cabling

Practical activitiesYou will:• Terminate connectors in accordance with

manufacturer’s recommendations andcorrectly mount connectors intocommunications panels, wall and floorboxes, cabinets and frames

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• Explain how to use cable preparation and

termination tools

• State how to terminate registered jack (RJ)45 connectors from at least three vendorson to UTP and FTP cabling

• State the method of termination RJ 11/linejack unit (LJU) or other relevant connectorsto telephone cable

• State how to terminate Cat 5e patch leads

• State insulation displacement contact (IDC)methods of terminating multi-core coppercables within wiring systems and 110 blockwiring systems

• State the rules and any special precautionsfor termination

• Describe how to terminate co-axial cablewith Bayonet N Connectors (BNC)

Outcome 5Test FTP, UTP and multi-core copper links

Practical activitiesYou will:• Test FTP and UTP copper cable permanent

links

• Test a multi-core cable installation

• Test installations to relevant performancestandards

• Test a telephone cabling system

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• Explain the importance of testing cabling

plant installations

• State the applications of national andinternational wiring standards

• Describe the cabling topology

• Explain the application and use ofcontinuity and loop testing equipment

• Explain split pairs, transposed/crossed pairs,reversed pairs and mixed pairs

• State the correct methods of measuringNEXT from both ends of the cable, ACR,return loss (dB), cable length, (dc) resistance(Ohms), propagation delay, cableattenuation, delay skew, wire maps, FEXTand ELFEXT and powersum calculations

• State the methods for testing telephonecabling


ANTHONY MCGRATH

Ex Royal Navy

Datacomms Engineer

DUNCAN LISLE

Ex RAF

Cat 5/6, Fibre & Air Blown Fibre Installer

Success stories


ctts

Fibre OpticCabling inan InternalEnvironmentLocal Area Networks, CCTV,Alarms and Security Systems

This unit is concerned with the installation, splicing,

connectorisation, termination and testing of fibre

optic cable in a typical datacomms environment,

characterised by low fibre count cables (typically less

than 24 fibres) terminated in patch panels/equipment

racks. This would usually take place in an indoor

environment involving multimode and

singlemode end-to-end cabling.


Optical DistributionFrames

Fusion SplicingTechniques

Customer PremisesEquipment

Air Blown Fibre Systems

Unit 102 Fibre Optic Cabling in an Internal Environment

Outcome 1Work safely with optical fibres in an internalenvironment


installation of optical fibres in an internalenvironment

• Work safely when installing, splicing,terminating and testing optical fibre in aninternal environment

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the rules for safe working when

undertaking the installation of fibre cables

• State the rules for safe working with fibrecables when carrying out preparation

• State the rules for safe working and anyspecial precautions when splicing

• State the rules for safe working and anyspecial precautions to be observed whenterminating fibres onto connectors

• State the rules for safe working and anyspecial precautions to be observed whentesting

Outcome 2Follow recommended installation procedures


installation

• Ensure that specified cable laying proceduresare followed

• Test laid cable before jointing/termination

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the use of fibre optics in LANs

• Identify multimode optical fibres as gradedindex (GI) and singlemode G652 as stepindex

• Distinguish types of optical fibre

• State fibre specifications and parameters

• State the recommended fibre and cableinspection test methods and documentation

• Identify the component parts of an opticalfibre used in communication systems

• State the use of the components

• Explain the use of installation equipment

• State the requirements for checking cableand components in accordance with relevantEuropean Standards

• State the methods and means to follow workplans and instructions

• State the rules for undertaking cableinstallation and fibre management

• State the methods of testing laid cablebefore jointing/termination

Outcome 3Prepare fibre optic cable for fibreconnectorisation and splicing

Practical activitiesYou will:• Prepare cable for connectorisation and

splicing

• Prepare coated fibre for connectorisation andsplicing

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the characteristics of cables as

indoor/outdoor/universal

• State the basic constructional features offibre optic cable and coatings

• Select and use cable cutting and strippingtools

• State the purpose and use of fibre cleaningmaterials and the techniques involved

• State the rules and any special precautions tobe observed when carrying out preparation

Outcome 4Splice together optical fibres

Practical activitiesYou will:• Prepare bare fibre for splicing

• Splice fibres using fusion splicing techniques

• Splice fibres using mechanical splicetechniques

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• Explain the benefits and criteria for using the

main splice methods

• State the working principles of splicing

• Explain how to use fibre cleaving tools andthe fibre preparation techniques

• State the possible causes of faults in cleaving

• Identify splice equipment according to rangeand application

• Identify mechanical splices, accessories andsplice protection housings

• Identify splice protection systems for workingwithin patch panels

• Identify splice management, protectionsystems and procedures for working with lowfibre count cables within a patch panel

• Identify potential problems whenundertaking splicing and describe possiblecauses

• State the performance requirements ofsplices according to European Standards

• State the rules and any special precautionsfor splicing

Outcome 5Terminate fibre optic cables by fittingconnectors

Practical activitiesYou will:• Fit a variety of fibre optic connector styles,

including straight tip (ST), subscriberconnector (SC) and small form factor (SFF) tofibre optic cables, using at least four differenttermination technologies from epoxy andpolish, anaerobic adhesive, pre-glued,pre-polished and crimped

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the types and uses of common

connectors for appropriate terminationmethods

• Identify termination tools and materials• State the fitting procedures for connectors• State the possible causes of common faults in

termination• State the performance tests for termination

Outcome 6Test fibre optic links

Practical activitiesYou will:• Test fibre continuity using a visible light

source• Measure the insertion loss using an infrared

light and power meter• Test link performance using Optical Time

Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) techniques

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• Explain how to perform loss calculations• State the range of test methods and the

purpose of testing to measure cableperformance

• State the use and principle of operation oftest equipment

• Explain how to use insertion loss testingequipment and procedures to measureconnector insertion loss and cabling systemlosses

• Explain how to apply and operate an OTDR• State the procedures for testing in accordance

with relevant standards and test conditions• Explain how to apply and operate test

equipment to prevent source of error• Explain the results and recognise acceptable

link and component performance withreference to relevant specification and recordthe results on appropriate documentation



ctts

Fibre OpticCabling inan ExternalEnvironmentThis unit is concerned with the installation, splicing,

termination and testing of fibre optic cables, typically

a multi-element, singlemode fibre cable of at least

24 fibres, used in an external environment with

applications in Long Haul Telecommunications,

Wide and Metropolitan Area Networks, Railway

Signalling, Motorway Signage, City CCTV Networks

and Traffic Control Systems.


Fibre Connectivity

FTTH Entry Kits

Optical Loss Budgets

Fibre Optic Closures

Unit 103 Fibre Optic Cabling in an External Environment

Outcome 1Work safely with optical fibres in an externalenvironment


installation of optical fibres in an externalenvironment

• Work safely when installing, splicing,terminating and testing optical fibre in anexternal environment

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the rules for safe working when

undertaking the installation• State the rules for safe working with fibre

cables when carrying out preparation• State the rules for safe working and any

special precautions when splicing• State the rules for safe working and any

special precautions to be observed whentesting

Outcome 2Follow recommended installation procedures


installation• Check that correct cable laying procedures

are followed• Test laid cable before jointing/termination

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the use of fibre optics in the

communications network• State the singlemode optical fibre types• State fibre specifications and parameters• State the fibre and cable inspection test

methods and documentation• State the use of the components• Explain the use of installation equipment• State the requirements for checking cable

and components in accordance withrelevant European Standards

• State the methods and means to followwork plans and instructions

• State the rules for undertaking cableinstallation and fibre management

• State the methods of testing laid cablebefore jointing/termination

Outcome 3Prepare fibre optic cable for fibre splicing

Practical activitiesYou will:• Prepare cable for splicing• Prepare coated fibre for splicing

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• Identify the characteristics of cables as

indoor/outdoor/universal

• State the basic constructional features ofsinglemode fibre cable and coatings

• Select and use cable cutting and strippingtools

• State the purpose and use of fibre cleaningmaterials and the techniques involved

• State the rules and any special precautions tobe observed when carrying out preparation

Outcome 4Joint fibre optic cables by splicing

Practical activitiesYou will:• Set up working environment for outdoor

cable jointing• Prepare bare fibre for splicing• Splice fibres using fusion splicing techniques• Splice fibres using mechanical splice

techniques• Organise cables, tubes and fibres into joint

housing• Seal joint enclosure using a shrink down

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the requirements for a cable joining

environment• State the working principles of splicing• Explain how to use fibre cleaving tools and

the fibre preparation techniques• State the possible causes of faults in cleaving• Identify splice equipment according to

range and application• Identify mechanical splices, accessories and

splice protection housings• Identify potential problems when

undertaking splicing and describe possiblecauses

• Describe the use of splice management andprotection systems and procedures forworking with multi element cablescontaining at least 24 fibres within a jointhousing

• State the sealing and cable retentionmethods for joint closure systems

• State the rules and special precautions forsplicing

Outcome 5Terminate fibre optic cable by splicing on pre-terminated pigtails

Practical activitiesYou will:• Set up work environment for cable

termination• Organise cables, tubes and fibres into

Optical Distribution Frame (ODF)• Prepare bare fibre for splicing• Prepare secondary coated fibre for splicing• Splice fibres using fusion splice techniques

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State a range of connectors suitable for a

telecomms environment

• State the requirements for efficient andeffective cable termination

• State the working principles of splicing• Explain how to use fibre cleaving tools and

the correct fibre preparation techniques• State the possible causes of faults in

cleaving• Identify splice equipment according to

range and application• State the use of a variety of mechanical

splices, accessories and splice protectionhousings

• State the use of splice management andprotection systems and procedures forworking with multi element cablescontaining at least 24 fibres within an ODF

Outcome 6Test fibre optic links

Practical activitiesYou will:• Test fibre continuity using a visible light

source• Measure the insertion loss using an infrared

light and power meter• Test link performance using Optical Time

Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) techniques

Underpinning knowledgeYou will be able to:• State the range of test methods and the

purpose of testing to measure cableperformance

• State the use and principles of operation of test equipment

• State the use of testing equipment andprocedures

• State the application and operation of an OTDR

• State the procedures for testing inaccordance with relevant EuropeanStandards and test conditions

• Explain how to apply and operate testequipment to prevent sources of error

• Explain the results and recognise acceptablelink and component performance withreference to relevant specification andrecord the results on appropriatedocumentation.



ctts

Managing Passive OpticalNetworks and Air Blown FibreSystems21st Century Telecomms Networks are undergoing rapid

growth with major operators deploying passive optical

networks with high bandwidth applications such as

HDTV, VoIP and Fibre-To-The-Home, Triple Play Services

using air blown fibre technologies. This has created a

demand throughout Europe for skilled technical and

managerial staff in the use of Air Blown Fibre

Systems with an understanding of PONs.

This unique course delivers the most

up-to-date technology and practical hands-on-

training with cutting edge equipment.

BTEC ADVANCED AWARD LEVEL 3

PONARCHITECTURES

Passive Optical Networks

Tube Distribution Closures

Activation Testing

Blowing Equipment

BTEC Advanced Award in Managing PONs & Air Blown Fibre Systems

UNIT 1PASSIVE OPTICALNETWORKSThis unit develops an in-depthunderstanding of the recent globaldeployment of Fibre-To-The-x.

1. Limitations of currentcopper based architecturesused in the “last mile”(a) Common Basic Terms(b) Limitations of ADSL twisted pair and CATV

coaxial cable architectures in the “last mile”

(c) Main attributes of PONs(d) Examples of variations in FTTx

architectures

2. PON technologies and architectures(a) Explore different technologies available for

PONs (APON, BPON, GPON, EPON)(b) Examine the main function(s) and identify

typical wavelengths of OLT, splitter, ONT,FDH, EDFA

(c) Understand star, bus and ring PONtopologies

(d) Understand and explain the use of TDMAin PON networks, “ranging” and “time slotgranting”

3. Optical loss budgets(a) PON recommended fibre and its

parameters(b) Typical PON connectors types and their

losses(c) Fundamentals of Wavelength Division

Multiplexing(d) Use of a WDM coupler in a PON(e) Use of attenuators (f) Passive Optical Splitters(g) Effect on signal loss caused by a cascade

of splitters(h) Determine PON Optical Loss Budgets(i) Corrective measures when out of

specification

4. Outside plantinstallation and testing(a) Methods used to install fibre optic cables

in PONs(b) Optical Distribution Network (ODN)(c) ODN hardware(d) Optical tests following installation (e) Use of test instruments (f) Pre Activation Bi-directional Testing(g) “Active” Network Testing

UNIT 2AIR BLOWN FIBRESYSTEMSThis unit develops an understanding of themethodology and factors to consider whenplanning, installing and maintaining an airblown fibre system.

1. Blown fibre systemcomponents(a) Construction of basic fibre element types(b) Usages of basic fibre elements(c) Typical fibre units and fibre unit counts(d) Construction and colour coding of different

types of microduct tube assemblies(e) Use of sub-ducts, manifolds, chambers

and closures(f) Health and Safety Issues

2. Installation ofmicroduct network(a) Installation Methods(b) Design Structures(c) Minimum bend radii for fibre units, primary

tubes and tube bundles(d) Factors affecting blowing distances(e) Microduct bundle pulling tensions into

sub-duct(f) Microduct assembly and fibre unit stripping

techniques(g) Active and passive distribution points(h) Health & Safety (i) Install microduct network(j) Fit suitable enclosures, subscriber’s

premises interface, gas & water blockingdevices

3. Use and maintenanceof blowing equipment(a) Blowing equipment items(b) Pre-use checks on blowing equipment and

compressor(c) Fibre blowing techniques(d) Ducting and sub-ducting tests using the

compressor(e) Blow fibre units into installed microduct

network(f) Maintenance tests on installation

equipment

4. Design customisedblown fibre networks(a) Study recommended planning steps:

Customer Requirements; Product Map; Environmental Factors; Nodal Map

(b) Planning tutorials for FTTH networks(c) Plan and design a direct install network


KENNY STEWART

Ex RAF

RoV Pilot/tech for an Aberdeen Companycurrently working in the Gulf of Mexico

STEVEN ARMSTRONG

Ex Royal Irish

Fibre Tech in Northern Ireland

Success stories

level 2 award in communications cabling training services ... · pdf filethe basic principles...

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