let’s talk about feet…… foot lab!!!!
DESCRIPTION
Let’s talk about feet…… FOOT LAB!!!!. Accuracy and Precision. The Goal Measure the distance across the room as precisely as you can using “feet” as your units of measurement. Resources Strip of adding machine tape Your foot. How many feet: Presentation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Let’s talk about feet……FOOT LAB!!!!
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Accuracy and Precision
• The Goal
• Measure the distance across the room as precisely as you can using “feet” as your units of measurement.
• Resources
• Strip of adding machine tape
• Your foot
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How many feet: Presentation
• Be prepared to present your results to the class when called upon. I will ask you 3 questions.
• What was your method for getting the measurement?
• How did you maximize the precision? • What is your answer in feet and inches?
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26 feet 2 inches
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What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
• Accuracy is the real deal; the truth; the accepted value
• Precision has two meanings:– How repeatable the measurements are (range)– How small the interval of measurement is
• In the foot lab, what aspect of precision was being investigated?
• What do you think the goal is in science regarding accuracy and precision?
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Which is more precise?
A B
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Which is more precise?
A
B
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Now you tell me…..
• What is the correct way to take and record a measurement?
Parallax and Precision
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• Parallax
• What is it?
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ParallaxAn apparent shift in position of an object when it is viewed from different angles
Location, location, location! Align eyes directly with indicator to increase
accuracy.
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PrecisionHow long is the blue line?
0 ft 1 mm 2 mm
Always estimate one place beyond smallest interval.
What is the length of the blue line?
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More measurement….looking for relationships
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Measurements Qualitative measurements - adjectives Quantitative measurements – involve
actual numbers (quantities) These depend on reliability of the
measuring instrument. These depend on care with which it is
read.
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What two items must one always What two items must one always include when taking a include when taking a
measurement?measurement?
Numerical PortionNumerical Portion
UnitUnit
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Measurements REQUIRE Units of Measure
The standards of measurement used in science are those of the metric system.
The metric system is also known as the International System of Units (SI), established in 1960.
This system’s focus is simplicity and is based on 10 or multiples of 10.
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In Physics these are the most prevalent units of length used
• cm, mm, km or mcm, mm, km or m
In Physics these are the most prevalent units of mass used
• g or kgg or kg
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PrefixesPrefixes
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One last thing - about ROUNDING
In Chemistry, you learned about Significant Figures, or Sig Figs. They relate to the precision of the measurement being taken.
In Physics, we won’t focus on Sig Figs as much. We will round answers to nearest tenth or possibly hundredth, so your answers will look like XX.X or XX.XX
Also, round at the end of computation only.
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• What are the steps of the Scientific Method?– Ask a question.– Make a hypothesis, or educated guess.– Perform an experiment to test hypothesis.– Analyze the data from the experiment.– Form a conclusion. Did you prove or
disprove your hypothesis?
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• Why do we care?– Effective in gaining, organizing, and applying
knowledge– An organized approach in studying problems
• Who is considered the “Father” of the Scientific Method?
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Who is this?
• Galileo– 1600s– Founder of Scientific Method– Principle of Inertia– Father of Astronomy, Physics, Modern
Science– Controversy: Heliocentrism (opposed
Aristotle, Copernicus, and the Church)
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Everyday Speak Science Speak
Fact The truth; immutable and absolute
observations with close agreement by competent observers; revisable data about the world
Hypothesis Guess, often used interchangeably with the term theory
Educated guess, based on observation, must be testable
Laws/Principles Something you don’t want to break
Generalizes a body of observations that have not been contradictedDiffers from Theory in that it does not explain why.
Theory Speculation, hypothesis, guess
Summarizes a hypothesis or group of hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing. Valid as long as no evidence disproves it. An accepted hypothesis.
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Order of Operations• When there is more than one operation
involved in a mathematical problem, it must be solved by using the correct order of operations .
• Remember, calculators will perform operations in the order which you enter them, therefore, you will need to enter the operations in the correct order for the calculator to give you the right answer.
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PLEASE EXCUSE MY DEAR AUNT SALLYor just
P.E.M.D.A.S.
Parentheses
ExponentsMultiplication
DivisionAddition
Subtraction
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OOO Practice Problems
18
2 x 3 =
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OOO Practice Problems
18
(2 x 3) =
18
6 = 3
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OOO Practice Problems
2[14 – 32] =
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OOO Practice Solutions
2[14 – 32] =
2[14 – 9] =
2[5] =
= 10
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DimensionalDimensional AnalysisAnalysis
• Used to convert between different Used to convert between different units of measurementunits of measurement
• This is done by multiplying by This is done by multiplying by factors of 1factors of 1
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Converting up on down the metric Converting up on down the metric system using dimensional analysissystem using dimensional analysis
• What do you have?What do you have?
• What do you want?What do you want?
• Is your answer going to be larger or Is your answer going to be larger or smaller than the starting number?smaller than the starting number?
• What do you know?What do you know?
• Remember you must be able to cancel out Remember you must be able to cancel out all units except the one you want to end up all units except the one you want to end up withwith
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Step 1Step 1• Write down the number and unit Write down the number and unit
that you are starting withthat you are starting with
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Step 2Step 2• Find out how to arrive at your final Find out how to arrive at your final
unit by using known conversion unit by using known conversion factorsfactors
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Step 3Step 3• Set up your conversion factor so Set up your conversion factor so
that the units cancelthat the units cancel
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ExampleExample• Convert 5 m into km:Convert 5 m into km:
Step 1: you start with 5 m
Step 2: you need to get to kmStep 3: you know that: 1km = 1000 m
Step 4: 5 m X 1km = 1000 m
0.005m
**Always multiply every number across the top ,then multiply every number across the bottom. Finally divide the product of the top by the product of the bottom. Record number and unit.
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Convert 170 cm to km.
170 cm1
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Convert 170 cm to km.
170 cm m km1 cm m
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Convert 170 cm to km.
170 cm 1 m 1 km1 100 cm 1000 m