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ALHAMBRA, RAYMOND PATRICK P.

LETICIA TAN, MYRNA MEDINA, MARILOU SPOONER, ROSALINDA TAN,and MARY JANE TAN, MARY LYN TAN, CELEDONIO TAN, JR., MARY JOYTAN, and MARK ALLAN TAN, represented herein b their !"ther,LETICIA TAN. # OMC CARRIERS, INC. and $ONI%ACIO ARAM$ALA,

&.R. N". '()*+' Janar '+, +)''

$RION, J.-

Exemplary or correctie !ama"e# are impo#e! $y %ay o& example or

correctio' &or t(e p)$lic "oo!, i' a!!itio' to moral, temperate, li*)i!ate! or

compe'#atory !ama"e#. I' *)a#i+!elict#, exemplary !ama"e# may $e

"ra'te! i& t(e !e&e'!a't acte! %it( "ro## 'e"li"e'ce

Temperate or mo!erate !ama"e#, %(ic( are more t(a' 'omi'al $)t le## t(a'compe'#atory !ama"e#, may $e recoere! %(e' t(e co)rt '!# t(at #ome

pec)'iary lo## (a# $ee' #)-ere! $)t it# amo)'t ca' 'ot, &rom t(e 'at)re o&

t(e ca#e, $e proe! %it( certai'ty

ACT/0

Noem$er 12, 3445, at aro)'! 6035 a.m., Aram$ala %a# !rii'" a tr)c7 %it(

a trailer o%'e! $y OMC, alo'" Meralco Roa!, /)cat, M)'ti'l)pa City. 8(e'

Aram$ala 'otice! t(at t(e tr)c7 (a! #)!!e'ly lo#t it# $ra7e#, (e tol! (i#

compa'io' to 9)mp o)t. /oo' t(erea&ter, (e al#o 9)mpe! o)t a'! a$a'!o'e!

t(e tr)c7. Drierle##, t(e tr)c7 ramme! i'to t(e (o)#e a'! tailori'" #(opo%'e! $y petitio'er Leticia Ta' a'! (er ()#$a'! Cele!o'io Ta', i'#ta'tly

7illi'" Cele!o'io %(o %a# #ta'!i'" at t(e !oor%ay o& t(e (o)#e at t(e time

LETICIA TAN alle"e! t(at t(e colli#io' occ)rre! !)e to OMC:# "ro##

'e"li"e'ce i' 'ot properly mai'tai'i'" t(e tr)c7, a'! to Aram$ala:#

rec7le##'e## %(e' (e a$a'!o'e! t(e moi'" tr)c7. T()#, t(ey claime! t(at

t(e re#po'!e't# #(o)l! $e (el! 9oi'tly a'! #eerally lia$le &or t(e act)al

!ama"e# t(at t(ey #)-ere!, %(ic( i'cl)!e t(e !ama"e to t(eir propertie#,

t(e &)'eral expe'#e# t(ey i'c)rre! &or Cele!o'io Ta':# $)rial, a# %ell a# t(e

lo## o& (i# ear'i'" capacity. T(e petitio'er# al#o a#7e! &or moral a'!

exemplary !ama"e#, a'! attor'ey:# &ee#

OMC CARRIER/ !e'ie! a'y lia$ility &or t(e colli#io', e##e'tially /ai!in0

that the da!a0e t" the petiti"ners 1as ased b a 2"rtit"s

e#ent, #i'ce t(e tr)c7 #7i!!e! !)e to t(e #lippery co'!itio' o& t(e roa!

ca)#e! $y #pille! motor oil.

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ISSUE3

%a# t(e ca)#e o& t(e acci!e't a &ort)ito)# ee't;

Ca' t(e ta':# claim &or act)al !ama"e# ari#i'" &rom t(e !ama"e i' #tory to aoi! payi'" !ama"e# to t(e petitio'er#. A# o$#ere! $y t(e

CA, t(e Tra?c Acci!e't I'e#ti"atio' Report !i! 'ot me'tio' a'y motor oil o'

t(e roa! at t(e time o& t(e acci!e't. /PO2 Arma'!o Alam$ro, t(e

I'e#ti"atio' O?cer, li7e%i#e te#tie! t(at t(ere %a# 'o oil o' t(e roa! at

t(e time o& t(e acci!e't. or t(e p)$lic "oo! a'! to #ere a# a' example, t(e

re#po'!e't# #(o)l! $e ma!e to pay P1@@,@@@.@@ a# exemplary !ama"e#.

As 2"r the /ai! 2"r ata/ da!a0es arisin0 2r"! the da!a0e

in4ited "n petiti"ner Letiia Tan5s h"se

No, t(e petitio'er# !o 'ot !e'y t(at t(ey !i! 'ot #)$mit a'y receipt to#)pport t(eir claim &or act)al !ama"e# to proe t(e mo'etary al)e o& t(e

!ama"e ca)#e! to t(e (o)#e a'! tailori'" #(op %(e' t(e tr)c7 ramme! i'to

t(em. T()#, 'o act)al !ama"e# &or t(e !e#tr)ctio' to petitio'er Leticia Ta':#

(o)#e a'! tailori'" #(op ca' $e a%ar!e!.

Act)al !ama"e#, to $e recoera$le, m)#t 'ot o'ly $e capa$le o& proo&, $)t m)#t

act)ally $e proe! %it( a rea#o'a$le !e"ree o& certai'ty. Co)rt# ca''ot #imply rely

o' #pec)latio', co'9ect)re or ")e##%or7 i' !etermi'i'" t(e &act a'! amo)'t o&

!ama"e#. To 9)#ti&y a' a%ar! o& act)al !ama"e#, t(ere m)#t $e compete't proo& o&

t(e act)al amo)'t o& lo##, cre!e'ce ca' $e "ie' o'ly to claim# %(ic( are !)ly

#)pporte! $y receipt#.

No'et(ele##, a$#e't compete't proo& o' t(e act)al !ama"e# #)-ere!, a

part sti// has the "pti"n "2 /ai!in0 te!perate da!a0es , %(ic( may

$e allo%e! i' ca#e# %(ere, &rom t(e 'at)re o& t(e ca#e, !e'ite proo& o&

pec)'iary lo## ca''ot $e a!!)ce! alt(o)"( t(e co)rt i# co'i'ce! t(at t(e

a""riee! party #)-ere! #ome pec)'iary lo##. A# !e'e! i' Article 1112 o&

t(e Ciil Co!e0

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Article 1112. Temperate or mo!erate !ama"e#, %(ic( are more t(a' 'omi'al

$)t le## t(a' compe'#atory !ama"e#, may $e recoere! %(e' t(e co)rt

'!# t(at #ome pec)'iary lo## (a# $ee' #)-ere! $)t it# amo)'t ca' 'ot,

&rom t(e 'at)re o& t(e ca#e, $e proe! %it( certai'ty.

T(e p(oto"rap(# t(e petitio'er# pre#e'te! a# ei!e'ce #(o% t(e exte't o&t(e !ama"e !o'e to t(e (o)#e, t(e tailori'" #(op a'! t(e petitio'er#:

applia'ce# a'! e*)ipme't. Irre&)ta$ly, t(i# !ama"e %a# !irectly attri$)ta$le

to Aram$ala:# "ro## 'e"li"e'ce i' (a'!li'" OMC:# tr)c7. '&ort)'ately, t(e#e

p(oto"rap(# are 'ot e'o)"( to e#ta$li#( t(e amo)'t o& t(e lo## %it(

certai'ty. rom t(e atte'!a't circ)m#ta'ce# a'! "ie' t(e property

!e#troye!, t(e co)rt '! t(e amo)'t o& P1@@,@@@.@@ a# a &air a'! #)?cie't

a%ar! $y %ay o& temperate !ama"e#.

And as 2"r the ata/ da!a0es 2"r /"ss "2 earnin0 apait

N" the are n"t entit/e 2"r ata/ da!a0es 2"r /"ss "2 earnin0

apait

/imilarly (e CA %a# correct i' !i#allo%i'" t(e a%ar! o& act)al !ama"e# &or

lo## o& ear'i'" capacity. Dama"e# &or lo## o& ear'i'" capacity are a%ar!e!

p)r#)a't to Article 11@6 o& t(e Ciil Co!e, %(ic( #tate# t(at0

Article 11@6. T(e amo)'t o& !ama"e# &or !eat( ca)#e! $y a crime or *)a#i+

!elict #(all $e at lea#t t(ree t(o)#a'! pe#o#, ee' t(o)"( t(ere may (ae$ee' miti"ati'" circ)m#ta'ce#. I' a!!itio'0

3 T(e !e&e'!a't #(all $e lia$le &or t(e lo## o& t(e ear'i'" capacity o& t(e

!ecea#e!, a'! t(e i'!em'ity #(all $e pai! to t(e (eir# o& t(e latter #)c(

i'!em'ity #(all i' eery ca#e $e a##e##e! a'! a%ar!e! $y t(e co)rt, )'le##

t(e !ecea#e! o' acco)'t o& perma'e't p(y#ical !i#a$ility 'ot ca)#e! $y t(e

!e&e'!a't, (a! 'o ear'i'" capacity at t(e time o& (i# !eat(

A# a r)le, d"!entar e#idene sh"/d be presented t" sbstantiate

the /ai! 2"r /"ss "2 earnin0 apait.By %ay o& e6epti"n,da!a0es

2"r /"ss "2 earnin0 apait !a be a1arded despite the absene "2

d"!entar e#idene%(e'0 3 the deeased is se/27e!p/"ed and

earnin0 /ess than the !ini!! 1a0e nder rrent /ab"r /a1s, i'

%(ic( ca#e, 9)!icial 'otice may $e ta7e' o& t(e &act t(at i' t(e !ecea#e!#

li'e o& %or7, 'o !oc)me'tary ei!e'ce i# aaila$le or 1the deeased is

e!p/"ed as a dai/ 1a0e 1"r8er earnin0 /ess than the !ini!!

1a0e nder rrent /ab"r /a1s.

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At time o& (i# !eat( i' 3445, the pre#ai/in0 dai/ !ini!! 1a0e 1as

P'9*.)), "r P:,;;).)) per !"nth,proi!e! t(e %a"e ear'er (a! o'ly

o'e re#t !ay per %ee7. Ee' i& %e ta7e 9)!icial 'otice o& t(e &act t(at a #mall

tailori'" #(op 'ormally !oe# 'ot i##)e receipt# to it# c)#tomer#, a'! %o)l!pro$a$ly 'ot (ae a'y !oc)me'tary ei!e'ce o& t(e i'come it ear'#,

Ce/ed"ni"5s a//e0ed !"nth/ in"!e "2 P':,))).)) 0reat/ e6eeded

the pre#ai/in0 !"nth/ !ini!! 1a0e t()#, t(e exceptio' #et &ort(

a$oe !oe# 'ot apply.

I' t(e pre#e't ca#e, t(e i'come+ear'i'" capacity o& t(e !ecea#e! %a# 'eer

!i#p)te!. Petitio'er# Mary Fa'e Ta', Mary Ly' Ta', Cele!o'io Ta', Fr., Mary

Foy Ta' a'! Mar7 Alla' Ta' %ere all mi'or# at t(e time t(e petitio' %a# le!

o' e$r)ary 2, 1@3@ a'! the a// re/ied !ain/ "n the in"!e earned b

their 2ather 2r"! his tai/"rin0 ati#ities 2"r their sstenane and

spp"rt. '!er t(e#e 2ats and ta8in0 int" a"nt the nrebttedanna/ earnin0s "2 the deeased, 1e h"/d that the petiti"ners are

entit/ed t" te!perate da!a0es