LESSONS LEARNED FROM LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE “TACOM” COMPUTER-THE “TACOM” COMPUTER-

ASSISTED EXERCISEASSISTED EXERCISE

Nikolay PavlovNikolay PavlovCenter for National Security and Defense Center for National Security and Defense

Research – Bulgarian Academy of SciencesResearch – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Nessebar, September 18, 2006 Nessebar, September 18, 2006

General ObservationsGeneral Observations

TACOM-2006 is the first national CAX on crisis TACOM-2006 is the first national CAX on crisis management that is organized and carried out in management that is organized and carried out in BulgariaBulgaria

TACOM-2006 is the first national exercise TACOM-2006 is the first national exercise “Protection” organized with the participation of “Protection” organized with the participation of institutes from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciencesinstitutes from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

TACOM-2006 is the first national exercise on crisis TACOM-2006 is the first national exercise on crisis management financed by the European Commissionmanagement financed by the European Commission

A great number of participating institutions and A great number of participating institutions and very complex organization of the exercisevery complex organization of the exercise

TACOM-2006 is a test for the Civil Security Concept TACOM-2006 is a test for the Civil Security Concept that is being developed in Bulgaria during the last that is being developed in Bulgaria during the last 2-3 years2-3 years

Transformation from National to Civil Transformation from National to Civil SecuritySecurity

Civil Security

Concept

Transformation of the traditional

nation state

Privatization of security as a

“service”

Emergencies’ effects on citizens

security

Adoption of the Law on Crisis

Management and the new Ministry of

Emergencies

New security concepts in a number of

countries

The three The three “ “pillarspillars” ” of the national of the national security sector in Bulgariasecurity sector in Bulgaria

Internal security system (Ministry of the Interior)

External security system (Ministry of Defense)

Civil security system (Ministry of Emergencies)

General scenario of EU-TACOM-General scenario of EU-TACOM-SEE 2006SEE 2006

Increased terrorist activity worldwide and especially in Increased terrorist activity worldwide and especially in South-East EuropeSouth-East Europe

The scenario takes place in a fictitious country “Monland” The scenario takes place in a fictitious country “Monland” located in SEElocated in SEE

A busy scenario comprised of terrorist acts in three towns A busy scenario comprised of terrorist acts in three towns of Monlandof Monland

Terrorist acts are committed within a few days with the use Terrorist acts are committed within a few days with the use of “dirty bomb” and biological agent anthraxof “dirty bomb” and biological agent anthrax

Outcome – great number of killed and casualties, significant Outcome – great number of killed and casualties, significant destruction of infrastructures, very bad radiological and destruction of infrastructures, very bad radiological and biological situationbiological situation

The Monland government has to call for international help The Monland government has to call for international help within the frameworks of the Mechanism of EU in order to within the frameworks of the Mechanism of EU in order to mitigate terrorist act consequencesmitigate terrorist act consequences

General scenario for the town of General scenario for the town of Plovdiv – terrorist act with a “dirty Plovdiv – terrorist act with a “dirty

bomb”bomb” The used “dirty bomb”– segments of bars The used “dirty bomb”– segments of bars

with waste nuclear fuel with caesium Cs-with waste nuclear fuel with caesium Cs-137137

A suicide-terrorist blows the “dirty bomb” A suicide-terrorist blows the “dirty bomb” in proximity of the “Hristo Botev” stadium in proximity of the “Hristo Botev” stadium in Plovdiv 7 minutes before the start of a in Plovdiv 7 minutes before the start of a football match – about 15 000 people are football match – about 15 000 people are presentpresent

Wide zone of radioactive contaminationWide zone of radioactive contamination

General scenario for the town General scenario for the town of Vratsaof Vratsa

Terrorist act in the town theatre with Terrorist act in the town theatre with biological agent anthraxbiological agent anthrax

On July 21 during a gala theatrical setting On July 21 during a gala theatrical setting a package of white dust is released a package of white dust is released unnoticed in the ventilation system of the unnoticed in the ventilation system of the theatre. Approximately 500 people are theatre. Approximately 500 people are present. present.

During the night of 22 against 23During the night of 22 against 23 of July – of July – outburst of anthrax infections outburst of anthrax infections

Complicated epidemic situationComplicated epidemic situation

Operational ArchitectureOperational Architecture

For For the development of Operational Architecture for the CAX the development of Operational Architecture for the CAX special Questionnaires were prepared to clarify the functional special Questionnaires were prepared to clarify the functional roles of different Ministries and Agencies from the National Crisis roles of different Ministries and Agencies from the National Crisis Response System. The methodology for the development of the Response System. The methodology for the development of the Operational Architecture is the Command, Control, Operational Architecture is the Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Architecture Framework. Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Architecture Framework.

The Operational Architecture presents tasks and activities of the The Operational Architecture presents tasks and activities of the respective institutions as well as operational elements and respective institutions as well as operational elements and information flows during the CAX. It contains graphical and textual information flows during the CAX. It contains graphical and textual descriptions of the operational elements, assigned tasks and descriptions of the operational elements, assigned tasks and activities, and information flows required to support the crisis activities, and information flows required to support the crisis response entities. response entities.

On the basis of Operational Architecture the system and technical On the basis of Operational Architecture the system and technical architecture for the CAX is being developed by the Institute for architecture for the CAX is being developed by the Institute for parallel Processing (IPP-BAS).parallel Processing (IPP-BAS).

Operational Architecture of the Operational Architecture of the CAXCAX

3 работни местаНа оператори за

управление на прoекторите N1 – N3

Комуникационен възелЕкран 1

Доклади, решения,Текстови документи

Екран 2Видео конференция, обща

обстановка Картна информация

Екран 3Собственни сили и средства

ТаблициМетео обстановка

· Факсове· Телефонен пост· КВ и УКВ връзки с

Монтана, Пловдив, Враца

· Връзки с ведомствата, с ДАГЗ – Брюксел

· Интернет достъп· Магнитофони за запис

на УВС · Магнитофони за запис

на видео информацията от камерите

4 маси , 3-4 работни места

1. Е. Симеонов – ДАГЗ2. Ал. Цанков3. К. Чорбаджийски4. Иво Иванов

Аналитичен център

4 маси , 3-4 работни места

· Синоптици – 2 места· Аналитици – 2 места

· Информация за МТО обстановката

· Информация за хидроложката обстановка

· Информация за сеизмичната обстановка

Кафе, чай, вода, сандвичи

Медицински център

помощникМинистър

МЗ

Г-жа Емел Етем

Ген. Николов

МинистърМОСВ помощник

Калев А. Иванов

Скенер

Принтер

Връзки с обществеността

Представител на ДАГЗЛили Костадинова

Министерство на здравеопазванетоМинистерство на околната среда и

водите

Директен телефон с МС

Градски телефон

Представител на MIC-EUДА “Гражданска защита”

ръководство на учението

МВнР МО МВРМинистерство

на земеделието и горите

БЧК Каритас БФ Спелеология Екогласност

Мрежов принтер

1

2 3

56 7

8 9 10 11

16 1718 19

15

16

Оператор 1

Оператор 2

Оператор 3

Високоговорители от системата за УВС

Високоговорители от системата за УВС

Копи

рна

маш

ина

XER

OX

MIC

MIC

MIC

MIC MIC MIC

MIC MIC MIC MIC

MICMIC MIC MIC

Копи

рна

маш

ина

XER

OX

Мин.Екол.

Стол - въртящ

Видео камера

Микрофони от системата за УВС

Телефони

Tower PC

Проектор

Мрежов принтер

Fax machine

Високоговорител - УВС

Копирна машина - XEROX

Работно място

легендасимвол Описание

12 3

6

9 12 36912 369

Оперативно време

Текущо време

Средно Европейско Време (CET)

NODE: NO.:TITLE: Кризисен щаб - ПКЗНБАК – МС

КЩКПУ EU TACOM SEE – 2006

-------------------------------------------------------Време за провеждане: 04-05 юни 2006 г.Продължителност: 8 учебни часа

Проектор N1Проектор N2

Проектор N3

ДА “Държавен резерв и военновременни запаси”

12

MIC

Представител на NATO

4

MIC

Представител на МСЕлена Янева

ВХОД

БНР БНТ БТА

1314 15

MIC MIC MIC

Видео-камера за обективен контрол

Видео-камера за обективен

контрол

Оценители, наблюдатели

Гости

MICMinistries LEMA-s Teams on the field

Neighbours and other international organizations

Message FlowMessage Flow

Operative Operative timetime

14.014.000

14.1514.15 14.214.266

14.3414.34

Simulation Simulation CenterCenter

И 1И 1 И 2И 2 И 3И 3 И 4И 4

Minisitry of Minisitry of EmergenciesEmergencies

601601 602602 603603

LEMALEMA 501501 502502

MoI, MoD, MoI, MoD, Ministry of Ministry of Healthcare Healthcare etc.etc.

401401

Matrix for Information Flow Matrix for Information Flow AnalysisAnalysis

InstitutionInstitution Number Number of of documedocumentsnts

Type and short Type and short description of description of documentsdocuments

Points of Points of contactcontact

General General assessmentassessment

Ministry Ministry of of EmergencEmergenciesiesMoI, MoD, MoI, MoD, Ministry of Ministry of Healthcare Healthcare etc.etc.

Specific RecommendationsSpecific Recommendations

TACOM-2006 demonstrated the need for more TACOM-2006 demonstrated the need for more precise technical procedures for reaction precise technical procedures for reaction against different types of crises / emergenciesagainst different types of crises / emergencies

The functional obligations of the public servants The functional obligations of the public servants from different ministries and their coordination from different ministries and their coordination in crisis situations deserves more attentionin crisis situations deserves more attention

It is useful to start the process of development It is useful to start the process of development of formalized documents (“hollow documents”) of formalized documents (“hollow documents”) to be used in emergency situations. This will to be used in emergency situations. This will allow for automatic processing of information allow for automatic processing of information and will facilitate the decision-making process and will facilitate the decision-making process

Main Conclusions and Main Conclusions and RecommendationsRecommendations

The scenario and the analytical models play crucial The scenario and the analytical models play crucial role for effective exercises on emergency role for effective exercises on emergency managementmanagement

Realistic scenarios developed by a large team of Realistic scenarios developed by a large team of experts from different institutions are compulsory experts from different institutions are compulsory

Well-designed mathematical analytical models will Well-designed mathematical analytical models will facilitate the development of good scenariosfacilitate the development of good scenarios

The participants in the exercise should not know the The participants in the exercise should not know the scenario details. Otherwise the exercise turns into scenario details. Otherwise the exercise turns into “theatre” and has no sense. “theatre” and has no sense.

CAX-es on emergency management should be CAX-es on emergency management should be carried out on regular basis – within the annual carried out on regular basis – within the annual “Protection” exercise; and on different level – central, “Protection” exercise; and on different level – central, local, municipallocal, municipal