lessons learned from the emergence of ahpnd, ehp and white ... · lessons learned from the...
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Lessons Learned from the Emergence of AHPND, EHP and White Feces Disease
Loc Tran, Ph.DFounder, CEOShrimpVet Laboratory, Minh Phu Aquamekong
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Some Updates� Major challenges:
� EMS/AHPND, WSSV, EHP, White Feces Disease, SHIV?
� Antibiotics residue
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EMS/AHPND
• Still a significant problem in Asia and some parts of LATAM• Waste management, probiotics, microbiota management and prophylaxis seem to be the most common and effective measures
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Enterocytozoon hepatopenaeiA growing issue
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Transmission: In Hatcheries & Farms
• Negative control
• EHP challenged
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Bacterial infection
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Vibrio harveyi infection
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WFD: A Bacterial Issue
SPF SHRIMP
WFD-INFECTED SHRIMP (LABORATORY CHALLENGED)
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� White feces/white gut: Result of sloughing of HP microvili and cells
� Vibrio spp. were isolated from WFD infected animals
� Vibrio challenge using Vibrio isolates result in identical WFD observed in the field specimens
WFD: A Bacterial Issue
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WFD–EHP: A Perfect Combo?� Vibriosis is the primary agent of WFD (lab challenge)
� A pre-infection with EHP may increase the severity of WFD in a Vibrio challenge
� Similar phenomenon is observed in the field leading to two types of WFD: 1. Treatable (Vibriosis only), and un-treatable (Vibriosis + EHP)
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Warning?
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Grow-out
shrimp
EMS/AHPND: Early Mortality Syndrome/Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis DiseaseEHP: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei WSSV: White Spot Syndrome Virus
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EHP Control in Practice
� EHP Control in hatcheries� Check all inputs (brood stock, brood stock feed)
using PCR)� Sanitation, disinfection protocols: using NaOH,
bleach, KMnO4� Treat brood stock live feed: freeze all live feed
before feeding
� Test PLs using PCR
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� EHP Control in Shrimp Farm� Check all inputs (PL, pond sediments) using PCR).� Sanitation, disinfection protocols: bottom
disinfection using CaO, bleach, KMnO4. Remove as much sediments between crops.
� Growth monitoring every week. If ADG is below 0.2 must consider doing PCR test.
EHP Control in Practice
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How to Manage EMS/AHPND & WFD
1. Clean PLs (checked for EMS/AHPND, EHP, WSSV)
2. Clean pond — clean water — clean PL
3. “Microbiota maturation”
4. Waste management: siphoning, probiotics, RAS, biofloc
5. Probiotics-fermented feed, prophylaxis/functional feed
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EMS, WFD intervention
1. Reduce feeding (50%, 3-5 days)
2. Flush bottom waste, water exchange
3. Reduce algae density
4. Double probiotics/prophylaxis
5. Fermented feed
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Soybean/corn proteinconcentrate fermentation
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Fermentation of feed ingredients?Feeding shrimp with fermented corn/soybean?
• Disrupt nutrients needed for Vibrio
• “Flush out” Vibrios in shrimp gut
• Provide an abundance of probiotics community and acidifiers
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Anything wrong?
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Potential threat ofemerging pathogens?
� SHIV and CMNV?
� SHIV has been detected in cultured shrimp and imported unsafe polychaetes
� Mortalities in SHIV infected ponds usually happen in association with bad water quality and environmental conditions
� Challenge studies using SHIV infected tissues did not cause significant mortality
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Þ Antibiotics-free shrimp farming is doable through out the culture cycle
Þ Functional diets, prophylaxis and fermented feed have pretty good potentials in disease management
Þ Shrimp farming will be more science-based, controlled, sustainable, more predictable, and more cost effective.
Take Home Messages
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