lessons from 30+ years of experience no panaceas no cheap solutions no breakthroughs--no miracles...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LessonsFrom 30+ Years of Experience
• No Panaceas
• No Cheap Solutions
• No Breakthroughs--No Miracles
• Numbers Matter
• Experience Matters
• Size Matters
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
![Page 2: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lessons• Always Check the Numbers
Vortec: The Numbers Didn’t Add Up
• Always Check the ReferencesVortec: References Discredited in the USA
• Always GoogleVortec: Ducted Turbine Critics on the Web
• Always Go to the Library. . . Or to Your Neighborhood Bookstore!
Lots of Wind Books Now Available
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
![Page 3: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Lessons• Always Be Wary of “New” Designs
© VortecPaul Gipe, wind-works.org
![Page 4: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Scams, Frauds, & FlakesTell-Tale Signs
• Hype High--Experience Low• New Design-- “Not Like Those Others”• “New” Patents• “Works @ 2 m/s!• Drag Devices (Squirrels in a Cage)• Ducted Turbines!• Pyramid Schemes
“Get in on the Ground Floor Now”• Fancy Web Sites
Cheaper than Hardware
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
![Page 5: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nomenclature
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
• Mid-80s HAWT
• Internal Ladder
• w/ Fall Restraint
• Work Platform
• Tip Brakes
• “Rocket” Tower
![Page 6: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Historical Wind Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 7: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Historical Wind Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 8: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Smith-Putnam 1.25 MW
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 9: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Smith-Putnam 1.25 MW, 1941~700 hrs
![Page 10: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Gedser24 m, 250 kW1957-1967
© Risø National Laboratory
![Page 11: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Tvind54 m, 2 MW1978-Present
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 12: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Growian100 m, 3 MW,
1981~400 hrs
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 13: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Applications-Telecom
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 14: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Applications-Yurt Power
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 15: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Applications-Marine
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 16: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Applications-Cathodic Protection
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 17: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Applications-Fence Charging
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 18: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Applications--Off-the-Grid
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 19: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Applications--Homes
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 20: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Applications--Farms
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 21: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Applications--Wind Power Plants
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 22: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Models of Development
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 23: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Small Groups or Clusters
![Page 24: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Electric Vehicle Charging
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 25: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Electric Vehicle Charging
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 26: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Interconnected Wind Turbines
• 90,000 units worldwide--115 TWh/yr
• 600 TWh cumulative generation
• 7,400 million operating hours
• 75% induction (asynchronous)
generators
• 25% AC-DC-AC with inverters
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 27: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Single Turbine Interconnection
![Page 28: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Arrays
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 29: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Wind Plant ArraysRectilinear
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 30: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Typical California Spacing
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
3 RD
6 RD
![Page 31: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Wind Plant Arrays--Rectilinear
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
160-250 kW: Mojave, California
![Page 32: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
750 kW: Lake Benton, Minnesota
![Page 33: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
750 kW: Lake Benton, Minnesota
1 mi1.7 km
![Page 34: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
640 kW: Woodstock, Minnesota
1 mi1.7 km
Fence lineField Boundary
![Page 35: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Wind Plant ArraysLinear
Dikes, Breakwaters, Canals
![Page 36: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Wind Plant ArraysLinear
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 37: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1 MW: White Deer, Texas
![Page 38: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Wind Plant ArraysLinear
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 39: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Wind Plant ArraysRidgetops
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 40: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Wind Plant ArraysRidgetops
Paul Gipe & Assoc. Zond Windwall, Tehachapi, CA
![Page 41: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Wind Plant ArraysWind Walls
Paul Gipe & Assoc. Zond Windwall, Tehachapi, CA
![Page 42: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Tehachapi Pass, California
![Page 43: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Cluster
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 44: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Wind Plant ArraysClusters
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 45: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Off-shore
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Vestas, Tuno Knøb, Denmark
![Page 46: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
2 MW, Thybøren, Denmark
![Page 47: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
2 MW, Middelgrunden, Denmark
![Page 48: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
2 MW, Middelgrunden, Denmark
![Page 49: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Samsø Offshore Wind Plant Denmark
Sams Offshore Wind PlantBonus 2.3 MW, Installed 03/02
Specific YieldSwept AreaDiameter2004kWh/m2/yrm2mkWh/yrUnit
1,4605,62184.68,213,16511,4905,62184.68,388,72421,4705,62184.68,272,72431,2805,62184.67,207,43041,4605,62184.68,186,21451,4505,62184.68,172,37761,4705,62184.68,237,05771,4605,62184.68,184,79481,4405,62184.68,089,68091,4805,62184.68,301,608101,45056,21281,253,773Total
WindStats, Spring 2005, Vol. 18, No. 2, pg 86.
![Page 50: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Measures of Productivity
• Capacity (Plant) FactorMisleading Indicator
Used for Fossil-Fired Plants
Not Suited for Wind Energy Use
• kWh/kW/yr (for Planning Purposes)When Sufficient Data is Unavailable
• Annual Specific Yield (kWh/m2/yr)The Only Measure Specific to Wind Energy
![Page 51: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Measures of Cost
• $/kW of Installed CapacityOften a Misleading Indicator
• $/m2 of Installed Swept AreaMost Useful When Resource is
Unknown
• $/kWh/yr of Annual GenerationMost Important Criteria in the End
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 52: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Elements of a Wind Plant
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
• Market/Load
• Wind Resource
• Land
• Financing
• Project Development
• Wind Turbine
![Page 53: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Elements of a Wind Plant Market/ Load
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
• Transport (Transmission)• Distance to Market
Urban or Rural Areas
• Capacity (10 MW?)• Contracts between Equals?• Price• Length & Terms• Political Climate
![Page 54: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Elements of a Wind Plant Wind Resource
• Average Speed & PowerAt 80 m?
• Speed Distribution
• Seasonal & Diurnal Variations
• ExtremesTurbine Types I, II, III
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 55: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Elements of a Wind Plant Land
• Availability (Who Owns It?)
• Accessibility (Can You Get To It?)Road Design & Construction
• Conflicts (Who Doesn’t Want It?)Stakeholders-Interested Parties
Open Space Preservation
Environmental
• Cost
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 56: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Elements of a Wind Plant Project Development
• Who Develops Project?
• Who Owns It?
• Who Operates It?
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 57: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Elements of a Wind Plant Financing
• Local/Regional/International• Project Financed• Collateral for Small Projects• Timing
Construction > Completion
• Debt Ratios & Triggers• Off Balance Sheet?
Enron Wind
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 58: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Elements of a Wind Plant Wind Turbine
• Technology Often Not the Focus
• Nearing Commodity Status
• Terms & Conditions Can Trump Technology
• Warranties & Service ContractsWho Backs Warranties & Service
Contracts
• Track RecordNews Reports, WindStats
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 59: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Large Turbine Manufacturers
• Vestas (DK)• Bonus-Siemans• NEG-Micon (DK)• Enercon (D)• GE Wind (D-US)• Gamesa (ES)• Mitsubishi (JP)
• Nordex (DK)• Ecotecnia (ES)• DeWind (D)• Suzlon (India)• Lagerwey (NL)• RePower (D)• Fuhrländer (D)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
![Page 60: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Bonus 63 m, 1.3 MW
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
© Bonus
![Page 61: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Nordex N50
Paul Gipe & Assoc. © Nordex
![Page 62: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
DeWind D8, 80 m, 2 MW
Paul Gipe & Assoc. © DeWind
![Page 63: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Gamesa G80, 2 MW
Paul Gipe & Assoc. © Gamesa
![Page 64: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Ecotecnia 1.6 MW
Paul Gipe & Assoc. © Ecotecnia
![Page 65: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
General Electric
GE Mod-1, 60 m, 1979, USDOE
GE 1.5 MW, 77 m, 2003
![Page 66: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Vestas
V80, 1.8 MW, Kincardine, Ontario
![Page 67: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Direct-Drive Wind Turbines• Enercon (D)
• Lagerwey (NL)
• Jeumont-Industrie (F)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.© Enercon
![Page 68: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Lagerwey Direct-Drive
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
© Lagerwey
![Page 69: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Jeumont-Industrie Direct Drive
• DiscoidFrench Nuclear Submarines
• 50 Units Built
J48 © Jeumont-Industrie
![Page 70: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Direct-Drive Wind TurbinesUnder Development
• WinWin (FL)
• Vensys (D)Permanent Magnet
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Vensys © Hugo Denker
© Vensys
![Page 71: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Very Big Wind Turbines
Diameter m
Swept Area m2
Capacity MW
Nacelle Mass tonnes
Year
GE Wind 104 8,500 3.6 295 2003
Siemens 107 9,000 3.6 210 2004
Enercon E112 114 10,200 6 500 2004
Multibrid 116 10,600 5 310 2004
Vestas V120 120 11,300 4.5 210 2005
Repower 5M 126 12,500 5 410 2004
![Page 72: Lessons From 30+ Years of Experience No Panaceas No Cheap Solutions No Breakthroughs--No Miracles Numbers Matter Experience Matters Size Matters Paul Gipe,](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e0c5503460f94af4c53/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)