LESSON STARTER;

Write down three things

that this newspaper tells you.

Lesson objectivesLesson objectives

Who was John F Kennedy?Who was John F Kennedy? What happened to him on the 22What happened to him on the 22ndnd Nov, Nov,

1963?1963? Why is his death not straight forward?Why is his death not straight forward?

Work in groups to give the accused a fair Work in groups to give the accused a fair trial as he never actually got to have one!trial as he never actually got to have one!

TaskTask What do we need to know as lawyers What do we need to know as lawyers

before we can begin to assemble our before we can begin to assemble our case?case?

2 people in the group will be working on 2 people in the group will be working on proving Harvey’s innocence and 2 will be proving Harvey’s innocence and 2 will be working on proving his guilt.working on proving his guilt.

Over the coming lessons, I will be Over the coming lessons, I will be providing you with lots of evidence!! The providing you with lots of evidence!! The more you use, the stronger your case will more you use, the stronger your case will be and the higher the SAT level.be and the higher the SAT level.

Who was JFK?Who was JFK? John Kennedy was the John Kennedy was the

6161stst President of the President of the United States. United States.

JFK was a controversial JFK was a controversial character- he had been character- he had been involved with gangsters involved with gangsters and mistressesand mistresses

In his political career, In his political career, he was also really he was also really controversial. He controversial. He promised to help poor promised to help poor and black people and and black people and cut down on crime.cut down on crime.

That fateful dayThat fateful day On the 22On the 22ndnd of of

November 1963, November 1963, Kennedy and his wife Kennedy and his wife were visiting Dallas, were visiting Dallas, Texas.Texas.

Kennedy was drumming Kennedy was drumming up support for the next up support for the next electionelection

The State of Texas was The State of Texas was an area known to dislike an area known to dislike the President, and the President, and Dallas, in particular, was Dallas, in particular, was especially anti-Kennedy.especially anti-Kennedy.

Dealey PlazaDealey Plaza

Look at the Look at the planned planned journey. If you journey. If you were Kennedy’s were Kennedy’s security advisorsecurity advisor

What problems What problems can you see?can you see?

What What precautions precautions would you take?would you take?

The planThe plan The route through Dallas was The route through Dallas was

in an open top vehicle, to in an open top vehicle, to allow as many people as allow as many people as possible to see their possible to see their President.President.

The route was to end up at The route was to end up at the International Trade Mart the International Trade Mart and was to pass under a and was to pass under a railway bridge at the end of railway bridge at the end of an area of Dallas known as an area of Dallas known as Dealey Plaza.Dealey Plaza.

The route was changed not The route was changed not long before the visit, to allow long before the visit, to allow the motorcade to go past a the motorcade to go past a building called the Texas building called the Texas School Book Depository.School Book Depository.

Kennedy’s body guard would Kennedy’s body guard would travel on a ledge at the back travel on a ledge at the back of Kennedy.of Kennedy.

What Happened?What Happened? Arrive at Love Field Airport at 11:30Arrive at Love Field Airport at 11:30 Presidential motorcade through Dealey Presidential motorcade through Dealey

PlazaPlaza 12:30 Kennedy is shot12:30 Kennedy is shot

Gov. Connally injuredGov. Connally injured Shots heard from TSBDShots heard from TSBD

Kennedy and Connally taken to Kennedy and Connally taken to Parkland HospitalParkland Hospital

1:16 Officer JD Tippit killed1:16 Officer JD Tippit killed Lee Harvey Oswald arrested for both Lee Harvey Oswald arrested for both

murdersmurders

THE PRESIDENT SHOT THE PRESIDENT SHOT DEAD!DEAD!

As the car passed beneath the TSBD and As the car passed beneath the TSBD and to an area known locally as the “Grassy to an area known locally as the “Grassy Knoll” shots were heard to ring out.Knoll” shots were heard to ring out.

Witnesses claim there were three shotsWitnesses claim there were three shots JFK was fatally wounded and a shot also JFK was fatally wounded and a shot also

hit Governor Connallyhit Governor Connally The President was taken to Parklands The President was taken to Parklands

Memorial Hospital where he was Memorial Hospital where he was pronounced dead at 1pmpronounced dead at 1pm

But things were not all they But things were not all they seemed?seemed?

Kennedy we know Kennedy we know was hit by two shots.was hit by two shots.

The first was known The first was known as the ‘magic bullet as the ‘magic bullet theory’theory’

The shot, supposedly The shot, supposedly fired from the TBSD fired from the TBSD hit both Kennedy and hit both Kennedy and ConnallyConnally

Kennedy was killed by a Kennedy was killed by a second shot!second shot!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-cri43ttTo&feature=relatedcri43ttTo&feature=related

The single bullet theoryThe single bullet theory A one-inch long bullet penetrated Kennedy’s neck, A one-inch long bullet penetrated Kennedy’s neck, It then traveled to Governor Connally’s chest and wrist and It then traveled to Governor Connally’s chest and wrist and

fastened itself in the Governor’s thigh.fastened itself in the Governor’s thigh. If the bullet had made this tremendous journey, then it If the bullet had made this tremendous journey, then it

penetrated 15 layers of clothing, 7 layers of skin, penetrated 15 layers of clothing, 7 layers of skin, approximately 15 inches of tissue, struck a tie knot, approximately 15 inches of tissue, struck a tie knot, removed 4 inches of rib and shattered a radius bone. removed 4 inches of rib and shattered a radius bone.

Magic BulletMagic Bullet

Kennedy’s injuriesKennedy’s injuries

The first bullet wound (magic bullet)

The first bullet exit wound (magic bullet)

The shot that skilled The shot that skilled KennedyKennedy

Task: Create a Task: Create a newspaper front cover newspaper front cover

of the events of the of the events of the assassination of assassination of

Kennedy.Kennedy.Retell the storyRetell the story

Problems with the securityProblems with the securityIs there anything suspicious in the story Is there anything suspicious in the story

and assassination?and assassination?

Lee Harvey OswaldLee Harvey Oswald Lee Harvey Oswald was the accused assassin of President John F. Lee Harvey Oswald was the accused assassin of President John F.

Kennedy.Kennedy. As a child, Oswald kept to himself and did not socialize much. As a child, Oswald kept to himself and did not socialize much. Oswald dropped out of school in the ninth grade, never to receive a high Oswald dropped out of school in the ninth grade, never to receive a high

school diploma. school diploma. He later became a Marxist, eventually leaving to live in the Soviet Union, He later became a Marxist, eventually leaving to live in the Soviet Union,

later to return to the United States.later to return to the United States.

Lee Harvey Oswald (Cont’d)Lee Harvey Oswald (Cont’d) Upon the date of the president’s assassination, he was reported missing to Upon the date of the president’s assassination, he was reported missing to

the police by his supervisor at the Depository.the police by his supervisor at the Depository. Oswald was then arrested an hour and twenty minutes later after the Oswald was then arrested an hour and twenty minutes later after the

assassination, for killing a police officer, then charged with the murder of assassination, for killing a police officer, then charged with the murder of John F. Kennedy.John F. Kennedy.

Oswald never went to trial due to his untimely death, murdered by Jack Oswald never went to trial due to his untimely death, murdered by Jack RubyRuby

Evidence Linking Lee Harvey Evidence Linking Lee Harvey OswaldOswald

During Investigations, a M91/38 bolt-action rifle was found on the sixth During Investigations, a M91/38 bolt-action rifle was found on the sixth floor of the Texas Book Depository Building.floor of the Texas Book Depository Building.

This rifle matched the bullet found on a random stretcher in the hospital..This rifle matched the bullet found on a random stretcher in the hospital.. Lee Harvey Oswald’s palm print was also found on the bolt action rifle.Lee Harvey Oswald’s palm print was also found on the bolt action rifle. Oswald purchased the rifle under a fake name.Oswald purchased the rifle under a fake name. However, for Oswald to have been the murderer of the president, the single However, for Oswald to have been the murderer of the president, the single

bullet theory would have to be true.bullet theory would have to be true.

Conspiracy TheoryConspiracy Theory Grassy KnollGrassy Knoll Witnesses heard shot(s) Witnesses heard shot(s) TimingTiming Magic Bullet (single bullet)Magic Bullet (single bullet) MafiaMafia CIACIA Soviet Union/CubaSoviet Union/Cuba Anti-CastroAnti-Castro FBIFBI Texas OilTexas Oil

The Single Bullet TheoryThe Single Bullet Theory The Single Bullet Theory is the theory that a single bullet went through The Single Bullet Theory is the theory that a single bullet went through

both Kennedy and Connally, injuring them both. A second bullet fired later both Kennedy and Connally, injuring them both. A second bullet fired later would kill the president would kill the president

According to the single bullet theory, a one-inch long bullet penetrated According to the single bullet theory, a one-inch long bullet penetrated Kennedy’s neck, then traveled to Governor Connally’s chest and wrist and Kennedy’s neck, then traveled to Governor Connally’s chest and wrist and fastened itself in the Governor’s thigh. If the bullet had made this fastened itself in the Governor’s thigh. If the bullet had made this tremendous journey, then the bullet penetrated 15 layers of clothing, 7 tremendous journey, then the bullet penetrated 15 layers of clothing, 7 layers of skin, approximately 15 inches of tissue, struck a tie knot, layers of skin, approximately 15 inches of tissue, struck a tie knot, removed 4 inches of rib and shattered a radius bone. removed 4 inches of rib and shattered a radius bone.

Magic BulletMagic Bullet

Bullet shot Bullet shot from herefrom here

Found on a Found on a random bed at random bed at Parkland Parkland Hospital Hospital (“magic (“magic bullet”)bullet”)

The Single Bullet Theory: True or The Single Bullet Theory: True or FalseFalse

Various tests were conducted in response to the single bullet theory, by Various tests were conducted in response to the single bullet theory, by shooting a bullet through animal flesh and bone.shooting a bullet through animal flesh and bone.

The results yielded that when a bullet penetrates flesh, it will not remain in The results yielded that when a bullet penetrates flesh, it will not remain in a linear path, as it will tend to move. a linear path, as it will tend to move.

However, the bullet that was found and concluded to be the single bullet However, the bullet that was found and concluded to be the single bullet was found in pristine condition, with no defects on it.was found in pristine condition, with no defects on it.

If this was the bullet that penetrated skin and shattered bone, then why was If this was the bullet that penetrated skin and shattered bone, then why was it in perfect condition?it in perfect condition?

The Grassy Knoll TheoryThe Grassy Knoll Theory The Grassy Knoll Theory is the theory that includes more than one The Grassy Knoll Theory is the theory that includes more than one

gunman, in addition to Lee Harvey Oswald. This theory also provides an gunman, in addition to Lee Harvey Oswald. This theory also provides an alternate place for an assassin to be, proving that Lee Harvey Oswald may alternate place for an assassin to be, proving that Lee Harvey Oswald may have been set up.have been set up.

This Theory comes from “puffs of smoke” and “outlines of assassins” in This Theory comes from “puffs of smoke” and “outlines of assassins” in various pictures taken of the knolls at the time of the assassination as well various pictures taken of the knolls at the time of the assassination as well as eyewitnesses that report sights of these things. as eyewitnesses that report sights of these things.

The Grassy Knoll Theory The Grassy Knoll Theory (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

Various parts of pictures that were taken before and during the Various parts of pictures that were taken before and during the assassination of the president may make it seem like there was an assassin assassination of the president may make it seem like there was an assassin at the Grassy Knoll.at the Grassy Knoll.

In addition to pictures, eyewitnesses such as Ed Hoffman have claimed that In addition to pictures, eyewitnesses such as Ed Hoffman have claimed that “a man, dressed in a business suit, shot from behind the fence, and then “a man, dressed in a business suit, shot from behind the fence, and then tossed the rifle to a man dressed as a railroad worker, who disassembled it, tossed the rifle to a man dressed as a railroad worker, who disassembled it, put it into a case, and walked off.”put it into a case, and walked off.”

The CubansThe Cubans Another theory involves the Cubans, as some suspect that they are Another theory involves the Cubans, as some suspect that they are

responsible for the death of JFKresponsible for the death of JFK The theory states that JFK was killed by Cubans who were upset with The theory states that JFK was killed by Cubans who were upset with

Kennedy due to his actions regarding the Bay of Pigs .Kennedy due to his actions regarding the Bay of Pigs . The Bay of Pigs invasion was an invasion funded by the US government The Bay of Pigs invasion was an invasion funded by the US government

for Cuban exiles to invade the Bay of Pigs. for Cuban exiles to invade the Bay of Pigs. Kennedy refused to allow the US army to assist. By staying out of the Kennedy refused to allow the US army to assist. By staying out of the

affair, the exiles were sitting ducks for Castro and his men. The event was affair, the exiles were sitting ducks for Castro and his men. The event was a complete disaster as thousands were killed or captured by Castro.a complete disaster as thousands were killed or captured by Castro.

The K.G.B.The K.G.B. A more feasible theory, the K.G.B. theory links directly with Lee Harvey A more feasible theory, the K.G.B. theory links directly with Lee Harvey

Oswald.Oswald. It was known the Lee Harvey Oswald spent two years in Russia because of It was known the Lee Harvey Oswald spent two years in Russia because of

his firm beliefs in the Soviet Union. In addition to this, he married a his firm beliefs in the Soviet Union. In addition to this, he married a K.G.B’s colonel's niece. K.G.B’s colonel's niece.

It would be easy to conclude that the Soviet Union sent Oswald to kill the It would be easy to conclude that the Soviet Union sent Oswald to kill the president.president.

The MafiaThe Mafia The theory that the Mafia killed JFK involves more of John f. Kennedy’s The theory that the Mafia killed JFK involves more of John f. Kennedy’s

policies.policies. During Kennedy’s presidential term, he took a very aggressive stance During Kennedy’s presidential term, he took a very aggressive stance

against organized crimes.against organized crimes. This breakdown of organized crimes was far more drastic than any other This breakdown of organized crimes was far more drastic than any other

president that served before him.president that served before him. Kennedy’s brother, Robert Kennedy was responsible for the enmity of Kennedy’s brother, Robert Kennedy was responsible for the enmity of

Teamster’s Union boss Jimmy Hoffa, in addition to other mafia members. Teamster’s Union boss Jimmy Hoffa, in addition to other mafia members. It became even more evident when it was discovered that Jack Ruby had It became even more evident when it was discovered that Jack Ruby had

ties with the mob, thus explaining his role in the murder of Oswald, IF the ties with the mob, thus explaining his role in the murder of Oswald, IF the Mafia theory proved to be correct.Mafia theory proved to be correct.

MafiaMafia

Kennedy’s trying to bustKennedy’s trying to bust

organized crimeorganized crime Jack RubyJack Ruby

CIACIA

Angry about Executive ActionAngry about Executive Action Bay of PigsBay of Pigs Oswald a “patsy”Oswald a “patsy”

The US Government/CIAThe US Government/CIA There would be three major reasons why the CIA would have had a part in There would be three major reasons why the CIA would have had a part in

the assassination of John F Kennedy:the assassination of John F Kennedy:

1.1. John F Kennedy gave up Cuba, the country in which the John F Kennedy gave up Cuba, the country in which the CIA worked extremely hard for in regards to the struggle CIA worked extremely hard for in regards to the struggle of the exiles.of the exiles.

2.2. The US still had control over Vietnam, so the CIA would The US still had control over Vietnam, so the CIA would want Kennedy to be killed in order for him not to make the want Kennedy to be killed in order for him not to make the same mistake he did with Cuba.same mistake he did with Cuba.

3.3. John F Kennedy blamed the CIA for the failure of the Bay John F Kennedy blamed the CIA for the failure of the Bay of Pigs, even thought it was mainly his fault for the failure, of Pigs, even thought it was mainly his fault for the failure, as he did not allow US soldiers to assist.as he did not allow US soldiers to assist.

Evidence pointing to the CIAEvidence pointing to the CIA The single piece of evidence that may have cleared up any discrepancies to The single piece of evidence that may have cleared up any discrepancies to

where the shots actually came from, has gone missing.where the shots actually came from, has gone missing. Simply put, JKF’s brain is gone.Simply put, JKF’s brain is gone. As well as the actual brain, slides, X-rays, photographs and other medicals As well as the actual brain, slides, X-rays, photographs and other medicals

that the Kennedy family had in possession were required to be handed over that the Kennedy family had in possession were required to be handed over to the National Archives. However, the brain and several other items were to the National Archives. However, the brain and several other items were not returned. not returned.

LBJ TheoryLBJ Theory The LBJ Theory involves Kennedy’s vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson. The LBJ Theory involves Kennedy’s vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson. Kennedy was seriously considering removing Lyndon Johnson’s name as Kennedy was seriously considering removing Lyndon Johnson’s name as

his running mate in the voting ballot, which may have angered Lyndon.his running mate in the voting ballot, which may have angered Lyndon. Madeleine Duncan Brown, a woman claiming having a twenty one year Madeleine Duncan Brown, a woman claiming having a twenty one year

old relationship with Johnson, recalls that the night before the old relationship with Johnson, recalls that the night before the assassination, Johnson told her that “tomorrow, those goddamned assassination, Johnson told her that “tomorrow, those goddamned Kennedys are never going to embarrass me again; that’s not a threat, that’s Kennedys are never going to embarrass me again; that’s not a threat, that’s a promise”a promise”

LBJ Theory (Cont’d)LBJ Theory (Cont’d) More suspicious evidence suggests that LBJ organized the assassination of More suspicious evidence suggests that LBJ organized the assassination of

JFK when a picture catches an interesting scene on Air Force One, where a JFK when a picture catches an interesting scene on Air Force One, where a Texas Congressman is winking at Johnson.Texas Congressman is winking at Johnson.

USSR/CubaUSSR/Cuba

Oswald hired by CastroOswald hired by Castro Soviet agent impersonating OswaldSoviet agent impersonating Oswald

FBI/Secret ServiceFBI/Secret Service

J. Edgar HooverJ. Edgar Hoover Forced retirementForced retirement Civil RightsCivil Rights

Warren CommissionWarren CommissionThe Warren Commission was published in October, 1964. It The Warren Commission was published in October, 1964. It

reached the following conclusions: reached the following conclusions: (1) The shots which killed President Kennedy and wounded (1) The shots which killed President Kennedy and wounded

Governor Connally were fired from the sixth floor window at Governor Connally were fired from the sixth floor window at the southeast corner of the Texas School Book Depository. the southeast corner of the Texas School Book Depository.

(2) The weight of the evidence indicates that there were three (2) The weight of the evidence indicates that there were three shots fired. shots fired.

(3) Although it is not necessary to any essential findings of the (3) Although it is not necessary to any essential findings of the Commission to determine just which shot hit Governor Commission to determine just which shot hit Governor Connally, there is very persuasive evidence from the experts to Connally, there is very persuasive evidence from the experts to indicate that the same bullet which pierced the President's indicate that the same bullet which pierced the President's throat also caused Governor Connally's wounds. However, throat also caused Governor Connally's wounds. However, Governor Connally's testimony and certain other factors have Governor Connally's testimony and certain other factors have given rise to some difference of opinion as to this probability given rise to some difference of opinion as to this probability but there is no question in the mind of any member of the but there is no question in the mind of any member of the Commission that all the shots which caused the President's and Commission that all the shots which caused the President's and Governor Connally's wounds were fired from the sixth floor Governor Connally's wounds were fired from the sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. window of the Texas School Book Depository.

Warren Commission cont.Warren Commission cont. (4) The shots which killed President Kennedy and wounded Governor (4) The shots which killed President Kennedy and wounded Governor

Connally were fired by Lee Harvey Oswald. Connally were fired by Lee Harvey Oswald. (5) Oswald killed Dallas Police Patrolman J. D. Tippit approximately 45 (5) Oswald killed Dallas Police Patrolman J. D. Tippit approximately 45

minutes after the assassination. minutes after the assassination. (6) Within 80 minutes of the assassination and 35 minutes of the Tippit (6) Within 80 minutes of the assassination and 35 minutes of the Tippit

killing Oswald resisted arrest at the theater by attempting to shoot another killing Oswald resisted arrest at the theater by attempting to shoot another Dallas police officer. Dallas police officer.

(7) The Commission has found no evidence that either Lee Harvey Oswald (7) The Commission has found no evidence that either Lee Harvey Oswald or Jack Ruby was part of any conspiracy, domestic or foreign, to or Jack Ruby was part of any conspiracy, domestic or foreign, to assassinate President Kennedy. assassinate President Kennedy.

(8) In its entire investigation the Commission has found no evidence of (8) In its entire investigation the Commission has found no evidence of conspiracy, subversion, or disloyalty to the U.S. Government by any conspiracy, subversion, or disloyalty to the U.S. Government by any Federal, State, or local official. Federal, State, or local official.

(9) On the basis of the evidence before the Commission it concludes that, (9) On the basis of the evidence before the Commission it concludes that, Oswald acted aloneOswald acted alone

The bodyThe body

FuneralFuneral

Saluted by JFK Jr. Saluted by JFK Jr. (John John)(John John)

Buried at Arlington Buried at Arlington CemeteryCemetery