lesson 2.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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CTC-275 Construction
Methods
Intro & Earthwork
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Get SUNYIT emai account
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! Construction methods chan%e when* Materias chan%e
! +h" thatch roo#s'
! +h" tee(ees and on% houses'! ow im(ortant where nais to $uidin%
* E,ui(ment chan%es! orses to steam en%ines to toda"
! Erie Cana was du% with shoes and rock seds
! Steam en%ines were stationar" with $ets %oin%#rom (ue"s to the en%ine
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ouse Construction
! +hat materias can $e used to $uid a houseand what e,ui(ment is re,uired* +ood * hammers) saws) dris) s,uares
! Can aso use en%ineered wood
! +hat has ha((ened to um$er in ast .// "ears'* Concrete * either cast in (ace) (recast) or shotcrete
! Can $e a$oe %round or $eow
* Stee*
Stone* 0rick*1do$e * on" need #orms* a"$aes
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ouse Construction
! +ooden houses can $e constructed usin%
three methods
* . 0aoon 3ramin%
* 2 4at#orm 3rame
* Moduar * assem$" ine
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6uestions
! +hat made sk"scra(ers (ossi$e'
! ow od is concrete and who #irst used it
! ow od are nais'
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Construction rder
! There is an order to a (ro8ects
* +hat actiities %et done #irst
* +hat actiities need to $e done in a s(eci#ic
order
* +hat actiities can $e done at an" (oint in
time
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Construction rder
* 1$oe %round Swimmin% (oos
! 9emoe to(soi & ee area : ar%er that (oo
diameter
! 9ake soi to remoe rocks and roots! ;a"out $ottom track
!
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Construction rder
* Swimmin% (oos
! S(read sand inside (oo wa * rake & tam(
! 1ttach wa u(ri%hts
! 1ttach iner to = channe! Use acuum to suck iner to wa
! 4um$ sand #iter & (um( to%ether w> skimmer &
return ine
! 1ttach to( co(in%
! 1dd water
! Cut out skimmer and return
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Construction rder
! 0uidin%s?! Cear site
! 3oundation work
! 3ramin% & Sidin%
! 9oo#in%
! +indows and
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Construction rder
! 0uidin%s?! 3oundation sa$
! @1C
! Ceiin%s
! Eectrica * #inish
! 4um$in% * #inish
! 4aint>wa coerin%s
! 3oorin%
! ;andsca(in%
! 4aement
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Construction rder
! ow #ar aon% do "ou need to $e $e#ore
startin% neAt actiit"'
! n a house * (ro$a$" one at a time
! n a . #oor $d% * (ro$a$" . actiit" at a
time $ut de(ends on siBe
! Sk"scra(er * . actiit" (er #oor
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Construction rder
! i%hwa"s! Centerine sure"
! Cearin%
! 0rid%e work! Centerine sure"
! Earthwork to %et to $ottom o# su$$ase eeation
! Centerine sure"
! Su$$ase (acement
! Centerine sure"
! 0ase (acement
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Construction rder
! i%hwa"s! Centerine sure"
!
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Construction rder
! Moe #rom one end o# (ro8ect to the other
with each actiit"
! ae muti(e actiities ha((enin% at an"
time
! Sure"in% is a #u time actiit"
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Start at $e%innin%
! Earthwork
* Moin% rock or soi #rom one ocation to
another
* 4rocessin% it to meet ocation) eeation)
densit" moisture content) etc
* E##icient earthwork re,uires? accurate
estimatin% o# work ,uantities and conditions)(ro(er e,ui(ment) com(etent 8o$ man%ement
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E,ui( Seection
! 4ro(er e,ui(ment has ma8or im(act on
e##icienc" and (ro#ita$iit"
! Can e,ui(ment (er#orm re,uired work
! 1so ook at (ro#ita$iit") other uses #or
e,ui(ment) return on inestment)
aaia$iit" o# (arts and serices) e##ect o#
downtime on other construction e,ui(
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E,ui(ment (annin%
! Need to (an to e##ectie" use e,ui(ment
! 4roduction o# e,ui(ment
*4roduction @oume (er c"ce>c"ces (erhour
* C"ces (er hour is $ased on e##icienc" o#
e,ui(
! Swin% an%e and eeation to truck $ed! Soi hardness and Soi t"(e
! 9oom to manueer
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E,ui(ment (annin%
! Cost (er (roduction unit e,ui( cost (er
workin% hour>e,ui( (roduction (er hour
! Ta$e 2-. show e##iciencies
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Soi 1nd 9ock
! Genera Soi Characteristics! Tra##ica$iit" * a$iit" o# soi to su((ort wei%ht o#
ehices under re(eated tra##ic
* Contros tra##ic on unim(roed access roads*1so %ies measure o# how earthmoin% e,ui( wi
o(erate
* 4rimari" #unction o# moisture conditions and soi t"(e
! ;oada$iit" * how di##icut to eAcaate and hau a
soi
* Granuar * hi%h
* Com(act cohesie - ow
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Soi 1nd 9ock
! Unit Soi +ei%ht
* 4ounds >c"
*
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Soi 1nd 9ock
! Moisture ContentFD moist wt * dr"
wtD>dr" wt .//
! Soi sam(e .2/H
!
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Soi IJ * diameter
! Sand /7mm 2// sieeD * K diameter
! Sit ///2 * /7 mm
! Ca" ess than ///2mm
! r%anic Matter deca"in% or%anic matter
! Sois cassi#ied usin% these t"(es
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Soi Cassi#ication S"stems
! Uni#ied S"stem
*1 materia ::L remoed
* Se(arates sois into two main %rou(s- 3ine %rained
and coarse %rained* Ta$e 2-2) 3i%ure 2-.
! 11ST S"stem
* 7 casses o# soi
* 0ased on suita$iit" o# soi #or su$%rade
* Ta$e 2-
* Ta$e 2-J
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Soi @oume Chan%e
Characteristics
! Soi Conditions
* 0ank * materia in natura state $e#ore
distur$ance * 0ank cu$ic "ard
* ;oose * materia that has $een eAcaated or
oaded oose cu$ic "ard
* Com(acted * materia a#ter com(action
com(acted cu$ic "ard
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Soi @oume Chan%e
Characteristics
! Swe
* Soi increases in oume when it is eAcaated
! Soi %rains are oosened and air #is oids
! So . unit o# soi in $ank is smaer than the soi
once it is eAcaated
! SweFD wei%ht>$ank oD>wei%ht>oose oD-
.D.//
! Soi wt 2//H>c" in $ank
! Soi wt 2///H>c" oose
! Swe 2//>2///D-.D.// J/F
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Soi @oume Chan%e
Characteristics
! Shrinka%e* Soi decreases in oume when it is
com(acted
! 1ir is #orced out o# soi! So . unit o# soi com(acted is smaer than the soi
in the $ank or once it is eAcaated
! Shrinka%eFD .-wei%ht>$ank oD>wei%ht>com(acted oDD.//
! Soi wt 2//H>c" in $ank
! Soi wt 5//H>c" com(acted
! Shrinka%e .-2//>5//DD.// 2/F
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Soi @oume Chan%e
Characteristics
! ;oad and Shrinka%e 3actors
* Need a common unit o# measure #or earthwork %et
rid o# cacuations D
* Can use an" o# the three measures! Caed (a" measure in contract
! ;oad #actor .>.LsweD
* ow man" 0CY can #it on a truck
* ;CY ;oad 3actor 0CY
! Shrinka%e #actor .- shrinka%e
! ow man" 0CY needed #or CCY
! 0CY Shrinka%e #actor CCY
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Soi @oume Chan%e
Characteristics
! ow man" ./c" truck oads o# soi .///CCY '
! Swe /F
! Shrinka%e 25F
! 0CY CCY>.-shrinka%eD
! ;CY 0CY.LSweD
! ;CY CCY>.-shrinka%eD.LsweD
! ;CY .///>/75D./ .75 ;CY
! Truck oads ;CY>./ .7J truck oads
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S(oi 0anks
! Materia remoed #rom eAcaation* ;on%er than wide * s(oi $ank * trian%uar A
section
* Conica * s(oi (ie* To determine the siBe o# the $ank or (ie need
swe and an%e o# re(ose #or soi
*1n%e o# re(ose an%e that soi on side o#$ank natura" #orm
! @aries with moisture content and t"(e
! Ta$e 2-O
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S(oi 0anks
! S(oi $ank* @o sect area A en%th
* 0 J@>A tan 9DDP.2
* 0 A tan 9D>2* 0 * $ase width
* hei%ht
* ; en%th* 9 an%e o# re(ose
* @ oume
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S(oi 0anks
! S(oi (ie
* @o .> (D/2)^2
* < 7OJ@>tan 9DP.>
* 2 A tan 9
* < * diameter o# $ase
* hei%ht
* 9 an%e o# re(ose
* @ oume
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* ow on% woud a s(oi $ank #or J//// c" $e
i# it was .//: wide' 1n%e o# re(ose / de%
* ow hi%h can a s(oi (ie 5/: in diameter $e i#the an%e o# re(ose 5 de%'
! ow man" c" can it hod'
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Estimatin% earthwork
! t"(es o# eAcaations
* Sma (it
* Trench
* ;ar%e areas
! 9oadwa"s
* 3ind cut and #i usin% cross sections
* Mass dia%ram
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Estimatin% earthwork
! 4it EAcaations
*1rea aera%e de(th
*
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Estimatin% earthwork
! Trench EAcaations
* @ A sectiona area en%th
* Take A sections eer" 5/ #eet and com(ute
oumes $etween A sections
! +hen estimatin% don:t #or%et the an%e o#
re(ose and S1
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Estimatin% earthwork
! ;ar%e 1reas
* Use a %rid to #ind oume
* @ 1aera%e de(thD
* 3or a rectan%e
* @ ;A+Dh.Lh2LhLhJD>J.>27D c"
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Estimatin% earthwork