LESSON 2ALESSON 2A

What were What were the the

characteristiccharacteristics of colonial s of colonial

life in life in America?America?

How did geography affect How did geography affect America’s development as a America’s development as a nation?nation?

I.I. THE EFFECT OF THE EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHY ON GEOGRAPHY ON AMERICA AMERICA

A.A. ColoniesColonies1.1. Colony:Colony: A territory or A territory or

possession of another possession of another country that has limited country that has limited self government self government (autonomy)(autonomy)

2.2. Nations claimed colonies Nations claimed colonies to to enhance their power enhance their power and wealthand wealth

3.3. In the process of gaining In the process of gaining colonies colonies native culturesnative cultures were often destroyedwere often destroyed

How did geography affect How did geography affect America’s development as a America’s development as a nation?nation?

B.B. Why thirteen colonies?Why thirteen colonies?1.1. Because colonies were Because colonies were

applied for applied for you had to you had to have a have a "charter""charter" (a (a document of permission) document of permission) from the Kingfrom the King

2.2. Separating them made Separating them made good political sense and good political sense and provided for smaller provided for smaller more manageable more manageable governmentsgovernments

3.3. Geography - the sheer Geography - the sheer size of the territory - size of the territory - made division necessarymade division necessary

How did geography affect How did geography affect America’s development as a America’s development as a nation?nation?

C.C. Who ran the Who ran the colonies?colonies?

1.1. GovernorsGovernors who who were chosen by were chosen by the Kingthe King

2.2. Locally elected Locally elected legislatureslegislatures (EX:(EX: Virginia Virginia House of House of Burgesses)Burgesses)

What motivations existed to entice What motivations existed to entice Europeans to come to the New Europeans to come to the New World?World?II.II. WHY BECOME WHY BECOME

A COLONIST?A COLONIST? Religious Religious

persecutionpersecution Economic Economic

opportunityopportunity

How did America’s makeup How did America’s makeup influence its experiences?influence its experiences?II.II. THE EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHYTHE EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHY

• Became a nation of Became a nation of farmers and farmers and traderstraders

• Made it difficult to govern Made it difficult to govern • King really left the colonies alone King really left the colonies alone this this

policy was called policy was called "Salutary Neglect""Salutary Neglect"• The colonists developed, by necessity, The colonists developed, by necessity,

limited self-governmentlimited self-government• Eventually Eventually saw themselves as saw themselves as

different,different, a breed apart a breed apart• Contributed to the American RevolutionContributed to the American Revolution

Who were the Who were the Pilgrims, and Pilgrims, and why did they why did they come to the come to the New World?New World?

Came to America in search of religious freedom

Considered themselves loyal British subjects

Proved that colonies in the New World could be successful

THE BRITISH CREATE A COLONIAL EMPIRE

Why was the Why was the British British Government Government interested in interested in the New the New World? World?

British interested in pursuing mercantilist policymercantilist policy

MERCANTILISM:MERCANTILISM: When a larger country establishes colonies intended to exist solely for the good of the mother country

• Colonies meant land, power, raw materials

• Colonies served as a market for finished goods

• Colonists could be taxed

If you were a If you were a member of member of Parliament, Parliament, how would how would you you encourageencourage colonization colonization of this new of this new land? land?

• Charter joint stock companies that limited risk among many investors interested in the New World

• HEADRIGHT SYSTEM:HEADRIGHT SYSTEM: Joint stock company policy of freely granting acres of land to settlers and other family members (EX: Virginia)

How did How did people who people who couldn't couldn't afford land afford land and berth and berth come to come to America?America?

• INDENTURED INDENTURED SERVANTS:SERVANTS: Worked for seven years with no pay, then became apprentices

• Often young people

What did the What did the King expect King expect from his from his colonies?colonies?

• Gain raw materials, market for goods goal of mercantilist policy

• The colonies existed for the good of the mother country

Why were the Why were the colonists colonists satisfied with satisfied with colonialism colonialism until the mid-until the mid-1600's?1600's?

• Colonists couldn't produce too many finished goods anyway

• When they did in New England, the British were unable to stop it

NEW ENGLANDMIDDLE

ATLANTICSOUTH

CLIMATE & TOPOGRAPHY

Rugged terrain

Natural harbors

Temperate, cold winters,

Shorter growing season

Flat lands, plains

Natural harbors

Moderate growing season

Flat lands, plains

Less harbors

Long growing season

ECONOMY Industry

Shipping

Trade

Some farming

Industry

Shipping

Trade

farming

Agriculture

AMERICA: DIVIDED AT BIRTH

NORTH SOUTH

CULTU

RE

Northern economy was industrial and faced paced

Workers worked at the docks and in small cottage industries

Deadlines and production schedules needed to be met

Most workers were farmers

Slower lifestyle with greater dependence on Mother Nature

Most large Southern plantations imported slaves

Plantation owner became the "Gentleman Farmer"

Slaves provided overwhelming majority of labor

Clear difference in lifestyle and culture

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH

NORTH SOUTH

ECON

OM

IC NEED

S & STREN

GTH

S

Centered around commerce (trade)

Hurt worse by mercantile policies than the South

Supported protective tariffs intended to help build Northern industry and hurt British imports

Able to sell Britain cotton, rice, tea, tobacco, and indigo

Opposed protective tariffs as it hurt their relationship with Britain

NORTH SOUTH

POPU

LATION

Greater in North and important for support of American Revolution

Became a crucial disadvantage for South leading into the Civil War