lesson 2 fractionation of crude oil sv
TRANSCRIPT
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3 May 20233 May 2023
Crude OilCrude Oil
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Using your general knowledge to Using your general knowledge to complete these questionscomplete these questions(You have 5 minutes max!)
List three uses of crude oil (E grade)
How is burning oil bad for the atmosphere? (C grade)
What is combustion? (A* grade)
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What is crude What is crude oil?oil?
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Success criteria
All Must (Grade C) Be able to explain what crude oil is
Some could (A-A*) Explain the uses of the fractions
Most Should (Grade B) Know how to separate a mixture of liquids
By the end of the lesson you should .......be able to:By the end of the lesson you should .......be able to:
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Where is oil found?Where is oil found?
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Crude oil was made over millions of years from tiny plants and animals, called plankton.
The plankton on the left would form oil in about 150 million years time if the sea bed is not disturbed.
Where does oil come from?Where does oil come from?
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Crude oilCrude oilCrude oil is a mixturemixture. It contains hundreds of different compounds. Some are small but most are large. Nearly all of these compounds contain carbon and hydrogen only.only.They are called hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen onlyonly.
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Key termsKey terms
hydrocarbon – a compound made from carbon and hydrogen only
crude oil – a very important mixture of hydrocarbons
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The importance of oil
These hydrocarbons are vital to our way of life.We use them as highly portable fuels for many forms of transport.We also use them as raw materials from which a huge range of useful everyday substances are made.
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A few facts:A few facts:The UK uses a football stadium full of oil every day.
The oil the world uses in a year weighs the same as 3 billion cars.
The USA uses the most oil
In the UK, 80% of the price of petrol is tax.
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Although we can get useful substances from oil, crude oil itself has no uses.In order to make crude oil into useful substances we first have to separate the mixture into molecules of similar size.This is done in an oil refinery.
Making oil useful
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What is crude oil?Crude oil is a mixture of different sized hydrocarbons. The exact composition depends upon where the oil comes from but typically it contains a lot of big molecules.
Fuel gas PetrolNaphtha KerosineDiesel Fuel Oil and bitumen
Small molecules
Medium molecules
Big molecules
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Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
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Fractional Distillation
Crude oil is split into fractions containing similar sized molecules using fractional fractional distillation.distillation.
The oil is heated until it vaporises.It then passes up a tall tower that is hot at the bottom but cool at the top.As the vapour passes up this tower the molecules cool and condense back to liquid.
cool
hot
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Copy the column and arrange the fractions in the right order next to the arrows.
Fraction Boiling Range(oC)
Kerosene 150 - 240
Diesel 220 – 275
Petrol 40 - 175
Bitumen >500
Fuel gas Below 40
Fuel Oil 360
cool
hot
Fuel gas
Petroleum
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel Oil
Bitumen
Fractional Distillation
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refinery gas
gasoline
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Fractional Distillation
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Uses of fractions from crude oilUses of fractions from crude oilFraction Use
gases Bottled gas for gas cookers,, camping gas , LPGPetrol fuel for cars, electricity generators
Kerosine aircraft fuelDiesel oil Trucks, and some cars (diesel engines)oil lubricationFuel oil Boilers in ships or buildingsBitumen Covering road surfaces , waterproofing
flat roofs
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