lesson 17: weather and climate
TRANSCRIPT
WEATHERAND
CLIMATE
NOTICEBefore we can fully understand
the difference between weather
and climate, and how they
change, it is important to know
where these changes occur and
how they happen.
TEMPERATURE
An important element of climate.
Degree of hotness and coldness
of the atmosphere.
Influenced by certain factors
such as altitude and latitude.
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COMPOSITION OF THE
ATMOSPHERE
78 % Nitrogen 21% Oxygen
1% combination of Hydrogen,
Carbon Dioxide, Argon and inert gases
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Layers of the
ATMOSPHERE
Ozone Layer - filters
the ultraviolet radiation
from the Sun entering
the Earth.
• Ionosphere - ionized by solar and cosmic radiation.
• Thermosphere - about 50 to 85 km above our planet
• Mesosphere – lies between thermosphere and stratosphere.
• Stratosphere – Ozone layers is found
• Troposphere – weather and climate occur
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Figure 1: The atmosphere, its layers and how air pressure changes with altitudes.
Figure 2: The atmosphere, its layers and how high they are.
Figure 1: The atmosphere, its layers and the objects able to flew on the certain layer.
WEATHER• The condition of the air or the
atmosphere in general, at a
particular moment or over a short
period of time.
• It is an experience from day to
day and may change any time.
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CLIMATE• The average condition of the
atmosphere in a given place or
region.
• Observed every year, and the
summary of the weather patterns of
a given region.
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ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER &
CLIMATE
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
ELEMENTS
• Temperature
• Precipitation
• Air Pressure
• Wind
CLIMATIC CONTROLS
• Altitude or Elevation
• Orographic or mountain barriers
• Pressure belts
• Ocean current
• Heating differences
• Typhoons and wind flows
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Latitude and TemperatureDue to the changing angles of the Sun’s
rays as they reach the surface of the Earth.
CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
1
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Altitude or ElevationAtmospheric temperature decreases as
elevation increases.
CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
2
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Orographic or
Mountain BarriersAffect the amount of rainfall a place will
receive depending on its position.
CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
3
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OROGRAPHIC OR
MOUNTAIN BARRIERS
Windward Side
• Where the wind blows
and undergoes cooling
and condensation. Leeward Side
• Where no rain fall.
Orographic Rainfall
• Where the rainfall will
fall.
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Pressure Beltsof the world control the flow of winds
and the amount of precipitation
received by a place.
CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
4
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Ocean Currentsis a large volume of ocean water that moves
as a unit and in a specific direction.
Cold or warm depending on
where it comes from.
CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
5
Ocean Currentsof the world help distribute heat all over the
Earth bringing warm temperature to cold
areas and cold temperatures to places that
are warm or hot.
CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
California Current
Benguela Current
Canary Current
Peruvian or Humboldt Current
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS
OF THE WORLD
Equatorial Currents
Japan Current or Kurushio
North Pacific Drift
North Atlantic Drift
Gulf Stream
Alaska Current
MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breezephenomena illustrate how the heating
differences between land and water bodies
affect the development of pressure systems
and the movement of winds.
CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
6
CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
LAND BREEZE
• Movement of the wind
from the land towards
the sea.
SEA BREEZE
• Movement of the wind
from the sea towards
the land.
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Typhooncomes from the Chinese word “tai-fung”, which
means “big wind”.A compact low pressure system that moves as a
unit and within which winds are spiraling with
great speed.
CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
7
TYPHOON BELT
Effects of Typhoon Ondoy in the Philippines
Windflowlike the Monsoon. The word monsoon comes from
the Arabic word “mausim”, which means SEASON.
Monsoon is the seasonal flow of winds between the
Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
8
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MONSOON ASIAParticular in the Philippines and Southeast Asia.
HABAGATSouthwest Monsoon
- experienced from
November to February.
AMIHANNortheast Monsoon
- experienced during
June to September.
LATITUDINAL
ZONES
Low Latitudes
Middle Latitudes
High Latitudes
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The tropics are the areas
bounded by the Tropic of
Cancer (23 ½◦) in the North and
the Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½◦)
in the south.
LOW LATITUDE CLIMATES
8
Are areas found between the Tropic
of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in
the Northern Hemisphere and thos
between the Tropic of Capricorn
and the Antarctic Circle.
MIDDLE LATITUDE CLIMATES
8
Are places located in the High
latitudes. These are areas north of
the Arctic Circle and south of the
Antarctic Circle.
HIGH LATITUDE CLIMATES
8
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