lesson 12 - military explosives and warheads

8/17/2019 Lesson 12 - Military Explosives and Warheads

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Military ExplosivesMilitary Explosives

and Warheadsand Warheads

Military ExplosivesMilitary Explosives

and Warheadsand Warheads


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ExplosionExplosion

ExplosionExplosion

DefnitionDefnition:: A reaction that produces aA reaction that produces achange in the state o matterchan

ge in the state o matter that resultsthat resultsin ain a rapid and violent release o energyra

pid and violent release o energy..Military warhead:Military warhead: Inict damage on aInict damage on a

target through the rapid transer otarget through the rapid transer oenergy rom the warhead to the target.energy rom the warhead to the target.

!ypes !

ypes:: " Mechanical" Mechanical" #hemical" #hemical" $uclear" $uclear


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ExplosiveExplosive

ExplosiveExplosive

Defnition: A material that can undergo a veryDefnition: A material that can undergo a very

rapid% sel propagating decomposition% resultingrapid% sel propagating decomposition% resulting

in:in:

a. &ormation o morea. &ormation o more sta'le materialssta'le materials '.'. (i'eration o heat(i'eration o heat

c. Development o ac. Development o a sudden pressure e)ectsudden

pressure e)ect


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Explosive *+ield,Explosive *+ield,

!he amount o !$! to produce !he amount o !$! to producean e-uivalent 'last pressure/ asan e-uivalent 'last pressure/ asthat o the explosive itsel.that o the explosive itsel.0 Measured in poundsMeasured in pounds

!omahaw1 !omahaw1

0 2333l' 'ullpup warhead2333l' 'ullpup warhead0 2333l' o !$! to produce the same explosion2333l' o !$! to produce the same explosion

0 Warhead4s weight: 526l'Warhead4s weight: 526l'


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#haracteristics o Military#haracteristics o Military

ExplosivesExplosives Availa'ility 7 #ostAvaila'ility 7 #ost

8ensitivity impact% riction 7 heat/8ensitivity impact% riction 7 heat/

8ta'ility chemical constitution% sun%8ta'ility chemical constitution% sun%temperature/temperature/

9ower or perormance/9ower or perormance/


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#haracteristics o Military#haracteristics o Militar

y

ExplosivesE

xplosives cont./cont./

risancerisance

DensityDensity

;olatility;olatility


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#hemical Explosive#hemical Explosive

=eaction=eaction &or a chemical to 'e an explosive% it must&or a chemical to 'e an explosive% it mustexhi'it all o the ollowing:exhi'it all o the ollowing:

#hemical Explosive#hemical Explosive

=eaction=eaction &or a chemical to 'e an explosive% it must&or a chemical to 'e an explosive% it mustexhi'it all o the ollowing:exhi'it all o the ollowing:

&ormation o >ases.&ormation o >ases.

Evolution o


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#ategories o Explosives#ategories o Explosives

(ow Explosives(ow Explosives0 $ormally employed as propellants.$ormally employed as propellants.

0 urn rapidly up to @33 ms/.urn rapidly up to @33 ms/.


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$uclear Explosives$uclear Explosives$uclear Explosives$uclear Explosives

Atoms o heavy unsta'le isotopes are splitAtoms o heavy unsta'le isotopes are split'y high speed neutrons.'y high speed neutrons.

8plit nucleus releases energy and more8plit nucleus releases energy and more

neutrons.neutrons. !hese neutrons go on to split more nuclei. !hese neutrons go on to split more nuclei. =eaction also produces heat and radiation.=eaction also produces heat and radiation. Energy released is much greater than withEnergy released is much greater than with

chemical explosives per weight ochemical explosives per weight oexplosive/.explosive/.


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$uclear Explosions$uclear Explosions

&usion om'

"


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Energy From a Nuclear AirEnergy From a Nuclear Air

BurstBurst

Energy From a Nuclear AirEnergy From a Nuclear Air

BurstBurst

Blast &

Shock

50%

Thermal

Radiation

(Heat) 35%

5%

10%Residual Nuclear

Radiation

Initial Nuclear Radiation


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?E8!IF$8G?E8!IF$8GWednesday: WarheadsWednesday: Warheads


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&unctional 9arts o 8imple&unctional 9arts o 8imple

WarheadWarhead

&unctional 9arts o 8imple&unctional 9arts o 8imple

WarheadWarhead asic purpose o a warhead is to deliverasic purpose o a warhead is to deliver

destructive power to the intendeddestructive power to the intended

target.target.

asic warhead consists o:asic warhead consists o:0 &uHe&uHe

0 Explosive &illExplosive &ill

0 Warhead #aseWarhead #ase All ma1e up what is 1nown as theAll ma1e up what is 1nown as the

*Explosive !rain.,*Explosive !rain.,


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Warhead EnergyWarhead Energy

Energy li'erated in orm o Energy li'erated in orm o

0 !hermal !hermal

0 ineticinetic

0 #hemical#hemical

0 $uclear$uclear

What are some 'y"productsGWhat are some 'y"productsG

0 9ressure or shoc1 wave9ressure or shoc1 wave


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WarheadWarhead

#haracteristics#haracteristics

WarheadWarhead

#haracteristics#haracteristics Damage ;olumeDamage ;olume

0 Defnes the destructive e)ectiveness o aDefnes the destructive e)ectiveness o a

given payload.given payload.

AttenuationAttenuation0 A unction o distance rom the origin o theA unction o distance rom the origin o the

'last% as the 'last travels outward% the'last% as the 'last travels outward% the

energy given o) is dispersed over a greaterenergy given o) is dispersed over a greater

area.area. 9ropagation9ropagation

0 Manner in which the energy spreads.Manner in which the energy spreads.

i.e. " Isotropic 7 $on"isotropic/i.e. " Isotropic 7 $on"isotropic/


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last Warheadslast Warheadslast Warheadslast Warheads

Designed to achieve target damageDesigned to achieve target damage

9=IMA=I(+ rom 'last e)ects9=IMA=I(+ rom 'last e)ects

Initial 'last produces heat andInitial 'last produces heat and

overpressure.overpressure.

&ollowed 'y a suction or&ollowed 'y a suction or

underpressure.underpressure.

9ush9ull causes the intended target to9ush9ull causes the intended target to

explode rom the pressure di)erential.explode rom the pressure di)erential.


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E)ect o 'last waveE)ect o 'last wave

(A8! WA;E ;IDEF

MF=E (A8! WA;E8


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last Warheads #ont.last Warheads #ont.last Warheads #ont.last Warheads #ont.

!wo types o 'last waves: !wo types o 'last waves:0 IsotropicIsotropic0 $on"Isotropic$on"Isotropic

Mach E)ect " A third wave resultingMach E)ect " A third wave resultingrom the reected wave overta1ingrom the reected wave overta1ingthe original shoc1 wave.the original shoc1 wave.

Where the three waves com'ine isWhere the three waves com'ine is

called the *!riple 9oint.,called the *!riple 9oint., !riple 9oint can increase a 'last !riple 9oint can increase a 'last

weapon4s e)ectivenessradiusweapon4s e)ectivenessradiusrange.range.


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last Wavelast Wave

MA#< E&&E#!


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A##ect o# an $n%er&ater Blat

"#$losion

Seismic Shock Bottom

Relection


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&ragmentation Warheads&ragmentation Warheads&ragmentation Warheads&ragmentation Warheads

last energy is translated to thelast energy is translated to theragments o the weapons casing.ragments o the weapons casing.

Approximately J3K o energy used toApproximately J3K o energy used to

ragment the warhead.ragment the warhead. &ragments propelled at very high&ragments propelled at very high

velocities.velocities.

Exceeds the radius o a 'last weapon.Exceeds the radius o a 'last weapon. Allows or greater inaccuracies inAllows or greater inaccuracies in

weapon use.weapon use.


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&ragmentation Warhead&ragmentation Warhead


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8haped Warhead #harge/8haped Warhead #harge/8haped Warhead #harge/8haped Warhead #harge/

Weapon impacts tgt% uHe at rear oWeapon impacts tgt% uHe at rear o

weapon ignites apex o metal coneweapon ignites apex o metal cone

liner.liner.

#one collapses rom apex orward.#one collapses rom apex orward.

#ollapse results in the eLection o a#ollapse results in the eLection o a

high"velocity molten Let.high"velocity molten Let.

9ressure o Letarmor yield9ressure o Letarmor yieldstrength.strength.

!he Let is ollowed 'y a slug. !he Let is ollowed 'y a slug.

!he Let li-uefes some armor !he Let li-uefes some armor spallingspalling/./.


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#ontinuous"=od Warheads#ontinuous"=od Warheads#ontinuous"=od Warheads#ontinuous"=od Warheads

?sed to damage aircrat in the event?sed to damage aircrat in the event

o a near miss.o a near miss.

8eries o rods connected and olded8eries o rods connected and olded

so that the series expands circularly.so that the series expands circularly.

Doesn4t produce as much destructiveDoesn4t produce as much destructive

energy as the average ragmentationenergy as the average ragmentation

weapon.weapon.


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#ontinuous =od#ontinuous =od


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8pecial 9urpose Weapons8pecial 9urpose Weapons8pecial 9urpose Weapons8pecial 9urpose Weapons

!hermal Weapons !hermal Weapons0 ?sed to start fres.?sed to start fres.

0 $apalm% etc.$apalm% etc.

iological 7 #hemical Weaponsiological 7 #hemical Weapons0 ?sed to 1ill with a minimal amount o?sed to 1ill with a minimal amount o

destruction.destruction.

0 iological 0 Micro'es% >erms% ;irusesiological 0 Micro'es% >erms% ;iruses0 #hemical 0 $erve% lood% listering#hemical 0 $erve% lood% listering


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8pecial 9urpose Weapons8pecial 9urpose Weapons

$uclear$uclear

0 !hermo$uclear 0 &ission !hermo$uclear 0 &ission

0


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8pecial 9urpose8pecial 9urpose

WeaponsWeapons cont./cont./ 9yrotechnic Warheads9yrotechnic Warheads0 Illumination or lighting or signaling/Illumination or lighting or signaling/

0 8mo1e white% yellow% red% green% violet/8mo1e white% yellow% red% green% violet/

0 Mar1ers " W9 *Willy 9ete, O white phosphorus/Mar1ers " W9 *Willy 9ete, O white phosphorus/

Anti"9ersonnel WarheadsAnti"9ersonnel Warheads0 Designed 1ill or maim enemy troops or damageDesigned 1ill or maim enemy troops or damage

materialmaterial

0 9roLectile loaded with steel darts or wire.9roLectile loaded with steel darts or wire.

#luster om' ?nits #?/" ?sed or a variety#luster om' ?nits #?/" ?sed or a varietytargets over a wide pattern area.targets over a wide pattern area.0 Wide area o coverage O greater margin o errorWide area o coverage O greater margin o error

0 #an contain specialiHed 'om'lets#an contain specialiHed 'om'lets


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8pecial 9urpose Weapons8pecial 9urpose Weaponscont./cont./


MinesMines

0 ?se underwater 'last principles?se underwater 'last principles

0 F)ensive and DeensiveF)ensive and Deensive

!orpedoes "


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Armor 9iercingArmor 9iercing

0 (arge diameter shaped charges.(arge diameter shaped charges.

0 E deeat mechanism *coo1ie cutter,/.E deeat mechanism *coo1ie cutter,/.

0 9lastic deeat mechanism massive9lastic deeat mechanism massive

spalling or lighter armor/.spalling or lighter armor/.


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uestionuestion

sGsG

lesson 12 - military explosives and warheads

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