PLANNING THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA OR AUDIO-

VISUAL MATERIALS

PUTTING YOUR MIND INTO ACTION

Media or audio visual materialsNot a substitute for effective instructionComplementary materialsCould have greatest amount of good teaching

and learning from them

When Media or Av’s are Used

No specific timeDepends on the teacher, subject matter the

students and the learning situation

Uses of Media and AV’sIntroducing of a unitDeveloping a unitInterpreting a unitFollowing-up or summarizing the unitCorrelating bits of informationIdentifying self with a situationTransferring to real life situationMotivating and arousing of interestProviding individual and group therapy

How Media or AV’s are Used?Adds much to the art of learning

Basic Plan of Effective Teaching

1. Prepare yourselfConsider the value and purpose of the

material being coveredConsider the needs and interests of the

studentsConsider how the medium can best be utilizePreview or audit the material to be used

2. Prepare the classroomSee that all the necessary materials are on

hand and arranged for their best use.Be sure that the light can be controlled if

needed.Check ventilation and seating.

3. Prepare the classExplain why the particular medium is being

used.Discuss what the medium includesExplain what you expect them to get out of itIntroduce new words and terminologyDescribe any follow-up activities including

test.

4. Present the materialsMake presentation forcefulWatch the timeObserve student reaction

5. SummarizeDiscuss the presentation in detailAsk summary questionsClarify misconceptionsTest, if necessaryFollow-upAllow students to utilize their own knowledgeDevelop or assign follow-up activites

Systems Approach to TeachingSkills (developed?)Thorough planning (done?)Inflexible lesson plans, organized and

systematic classroom activities (problem?)

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS + SYSTEMATIC APPROACH = EFFECTIVE TEACHING

Systematic Approach to the Development of Learning Process

Should encompass:a. The learnerb. The objective and content of the lessonc. The methods to be used in instructiond. The instructional materials to be used, including

consideration or unique strengths and weaknesses

e. The facilities or environmentf. The supporting equipmentg. The student and teacher evaluation of results, in

changed behavior and attitudes

Five Phases in a Total System Instruction 1. Introduction2. Development3. Organization4. Summarizing5. Evaluation

1. InstructionMotivational and exploratory phaseUse of AV’s can help

1. InstructionWhen instructional materials are used,the teacher must consider the following

preparations:1. Self preparation (preview and evaluate)2. Preparation of presentation (consider how the

media will be most effective)1. Showing the materials all the way through.2. Showing only excerpts/segments/frames3. Showing materials with recorded narration4. Showing the material without recorded narration5. Pausing at specific points for comment/+info6. Repeating segments7. Combining two or more media

2. Development PhaseInvolves the location and learning of the

required information by the students

3. Organization PhaseTime for “pulling together”School media centerUse of pictures, slides, charts, models, maps,

graphs audio and video recording etc.Dramatizations, debates, reports, panel

discussions, role-playing are activities which may be planned and developed

4. Summarizing PhaseStudents may make summary presentation,

hand written reports, scrap book, papers etc.Teacher may reshow the audio/visual

material of the topic or closely related to the topic as a review and to “cement” together all the facets of study. “loose-ends” are tied together.

5. Evaluation PhaseInvolves 2 areas of evaluation.

Student and teacherStudents are made to be aware that they are

to be held accountable for lesson content and ultimately for changes in behavior. Changes that prepare them to live and function as contributing citizens in the society.

Evaluation Techniques used in evaluationWritten tests

T or F, multiple choice, fill-in-the blank, matching type, essay or take-home exams

Oral discussions, dramatizations, role-playing, demontrations

Audiotaped or videotaped responses.Written reports, term papers or research paper.Student produced instructional materials like

maps, graphs, photographic slides, bulletin board displays, exhibits.

In critical evaluation of the student’s performance, the teacher may do the following:

Suggest revisions or refinement of parts of the presentation/report.

Show evidence of faults in the presentation plan, content, procedures or instructional materials

Identify problems arising from unclear/inadequate objectives, evaluation procedures or methods.

Indicate lack of student readinessShow evidence of the need for review or remedialShow evidence of too slow/ fast pace.