leonard rowe v. the willie gary law firm et al. -- judge amy totenberg's order granting defendants'...

8/18/2019 Leonard Rowe v. The Willie Gary Law Firm et al. -- Judge Amy Totenberg's Order Granting Defendants' Motion To …

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@h Nerad 51, 6?53, _iekhtklls Ic`herj V`wc, V`wc Chtcrtekhncht, Kha.,

Icc Bkhg, ehj Icc Bkhg _r`juatk`hs, Kha. lkicj tdckr A`npiekht kh tdks Aùrt

egekhst Gery, Wkiikens, _erchtk, Wets`h & Gery, _.I.I.A. (’tdc Gery Lkrn„),

Wkiikc C. Gery, Wkiiken A. Aenpfcii, Qcbù N. Gery, Zrkake _. D`llicr, I`rchz`

Wkiikens, ehj Nerke _. Qpcrehj`. _iekhtklls‛ eiicgetk`hs erksc lr`n tdc

Jclchjehts‛ prk`r rcprcschtetk`h `l tdcn, ei`hg wktd `tdcr piekhtklls, lr`n 6??5

t` 6??3, kh eh ehtk-trust ehj akvki rkgdts iewsukt fescj `h eiicgcj reac

jksarknkhetk`h egekhst prcj`nkhehtiy wdktc teicht f``bkhg egchakcs ehj a`hacrt

pr`n`tcrs iktkgetcj kh tdc Qùtdcrh Jkstrkat `l Hcw [`rb. Qcc V`wc Chtn‛t, Kha.

v. Wkiiken N`rrks Egchay, Kha., H`. ;4 Akv. 4676(V__), 6??3 WI 66411

(Q.J.H.[. Meh. 3, 6??3), ell‛j 5


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6

khtchtk`heiiy sef`tegcj tdc akvki rkgdts iewsukt kh cxadehgc l`r e nuitk-nkiik`h

jìier frkfc lr`n tdc teicht-egchay-jclchjehts kh tdet sukt.

_iekhtklls esscrt tdc lìi`wkhg aiekns egekhst tdc Jclchjehts dcrc= (5)

sufstehtkvc vkìetk`hs `l tdc lcjcrei Veabctccr Khliuchacj ehj A`rrupt

@rgehkzetk`h Eat (’VKA@„), 54 S.Q.A. § 5;


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1

tdc rces`hefic khlcrchac tdet tdc jclchjeht ks ikefic l`r tdc nksa`hjuat eiicgcj.„

Esdar`lt v. Kqfei , 33< S.Q.


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3

KK. FEABGV@SHJ

_iekhtklls Ic`herj V`wc ehj Icc Bkhg erc Elrkaeh Encrkaeh a`hacrt

pr`n`tcrs wd` devc fcch kh tdc a`hacrt pr`n`tkhg khjustry skhac tdc nkj-5;7?s.

(A`npi. ¼ :3.) V`wc des w`rbcj wktd nehy dkgd pr`lkic nuska ertksts suad es

Nkadeci Meabs`h, Mehct Meabs`h, _ettk Iefciic, Ik`hci Vkadkc, _rkhac, Wdkthcy

D`ust`h, ehj Ferry Wdktc. ( Kj. ¼ :


6/65

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V`wc eiicgcs tdet wdkic dc wes kh I`s Ehgcics, Aeikl`rhke kh Eprki 6??5

pkabctkhg kh lr`ht `l AEE‛s Fcvcriy Dkiis `llkac kh eh ettcnpt t` ettreat pufika

ettchtk`h t` AEE‛s jksarknkhet`ry a`hjuat ehj tdc akvki rkgdts iewsukt, e AEE

cnpi`ycc eppr`eadcj V`wc ehj esbcj t` ncct wktd dkn. ( Kj. ¼


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7

tìj V`wc tdet VufkhFeun sdùij rcnekh es iàei aùhsci kh Hcw [`rb, fut dc

wùij fc tdc prknery trkei iewycr l`r tdc akvki rkgdts iewsukt. ( Kj.)

Shjcr tdc Muhc 6?, 6??5 rctekhcr egrccncht wktd tdc Gery Lkrn es a`-

aùhsci, tdc a`htkhgchay lcc kharcescj t` :4% wktd V`wc ehj tdc `tdcr piekhtklls

rcsp`hskfic l`r 5??% `l eii cxpchscs. ( Kj . ¼


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4

n`tk`hs l`r e pr`tcatkvc `rjcr kh Qcptcnfcr t` ev`kj pr`juakhg tdc rcqucstcj

cnekis. ( Kj .) Gery essurcj V`wc tdet tdc Gery Lkrn wes eatkvciy `pp`skhg tdc

n`tk`hs ehj tdet cvcry cll`rt wes fckhg nejc t` `ftekh tdc cnekis. Dc eis` tìj

V`wc tdet kl tdc aùrt jchkcj tdc pr`tcatkvc `rjcr tdc jclchjehts wùij devc h`

ad`kac fut t` scttic l`r $5 fkiik`h. ( Kj. ¼ 71.)

@h Mehuery 5


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;

Kh ceriy 6??6, Gery tìj V`wc efùt tdc p`sskfkikty `l e sctticncht wktd

n`st `l tdc sneiicr wdktc a`hacrt pr`n`tcr jclchjehts wdkad dej eii fcch

eaqukrcj fy h`h-perty Aicer Adehhci A`nnuhkaetk`hs/QLT fcaeusc `l ett`rhcy

Dcsikh‛s ai`sc lrkchjsdkp wktd Aicer Adehhci‛s kh-dùsc aùhsci. ( Kj. ¼¼ 7


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5?

ehy rcicveht cnekis ehj dks a`-aùhsci dej h`t khl`rncj dkn tdet tdc scerad dej

cvch fcch a`npictcj. ( Kj. ¼ 4:.)

@h @at`fcr 53, 6??6, V`wc trevcicj t` Hcw [`rb t` ncct wktd ett`rhcys

Dcsikh ehj _rkn`ll. ( Kj. ¼ 43.) Jurkhg tdc ncctkhg, wdkic Dcsikh‛s feab wes

turhcj t` tebc e pd`hc aeii, V`wc sew e ncn`rehjun lr`n Cicatr`hka Cvkjchac

Jksa`vcry, Kha. (tdc ’C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`„) `h Dcsikh‛s jcsb tdet eppcercj t`

sunnerkzc kts lkhjkhgs es t` tdc lrcquchay `l usegc `l reakeiiy jcr`get`ry tcrns

suad es —hkggcr,‛ —sp``b,‛ —spejc,‛ ehj —a``h‛ kh tdc cnekis `l cnpi`yccs `l Wkiiken

N`rrks ehj AEE. ( Kj . ¼ 43.) Eaa`rjkhg t` tdc _iekhtklls, tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`

a`hskstcj `l scvchtcch-pegcs wktd tdc lkrst pegc pr`vkjkhg e sunnery ehj tdc

sufscqucht pegcs ikstkhg kh aìunh l`rnet tdc cneki f`xcs sceradcj, tdc scerad

tcrn, ehj tdc hunfcr `l cneki dkts uskhg tdc pertkauier scerad tcrns. ( Qcc Cx. D

t` Jcai. `l Cjwerj Grkllktd, Jà. :7-4.)

V`wc qucstk`hcj Dcsikh efùt tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn` ehj kts rclcrchac t`

duhjrcjs `l reakeiiy jcr`get`ry tcrns. ( Kj. ¼ 4


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a`hspkreay t` a`vcr up tdks pkv`tei cneki cvkjchac `l tdc jclchjehts‛

jksarknkhet`ry preatkacs. ( Kj.) Gery cxpiekhcj tdet skhac VufkhFeun dej fcch

eaqukrcj fy yct eh`tdcr lkrn wktd khjustry tkcs, tdc a`hlikat `l khtcrcst ’dej

fca`nc nuad n`rc scvcrc„ ehj tdet Dcsikh‛s ’kheatk`h `h tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`

nkgdt rclicat tdet a`hlikat.„ ( Kj. ¼ 47.) Gery ietcr t`ij V`wc tdet epperchtiy Dcsikh

ehj _rkn`ll dej fcch w`rbkhg egekhst tdc piekhtklls‛ khtcrcsts. ( Kj. ¼ ;3.)

Zdc l`ii`wkhg jey, @at`fcr 5


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51

dcerkhg, ehj essurcj V`wc tdet jcspktc Mujgc _ettcrs`h‛s arktkaei a`nnchts `l

tdc iewycrs et tdc dcerkhg, ’cvcry`hc bhcw tdet tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`„ wùij

jclcet tdc n`tk`hs l`r sunnery mujgncht.

Jcspktc tdc mujgc‛s a`nnchts, tdc Gery Lkrn jkj h`t lkic e ’a`npictc sct `l

`pp`sktk`h pepcrs„ t` tdc jclchjehts‛ n`tk`hs l`r sunnery mujgncht uhtki Muiy

6??:, ehj `hiy eltcr fckhg rcpcetcjiy `rjcrcj t` j` s` fy Mujgc _ettcrs`h. ( Kj .)

Eaa`rjkhg t` _iekhtklls‛ A`npiekht, ’Rf^caeusc Mujgc _ettcrs`h jkj h`t weht t`

pcheikzc tdc Akvki Vkgdts _iekhtklls l`r tdc Gery Iew Lkrn‛s nksa`hjuat, dc

pr`vkjcj tdc Gery Iew Lkrn wktd rcpcetcj `pp`rtuhktkcs t` a`rrcat tdckr crr`rs

fy sufnkttkhg rcvkscj jàunchts.„ ( Kj. ¼ 5?:.)

Wdch tdc `pp`sktk`h egekhst tdc sunnery mujgncht n`tk`h wes lkheiiy

sufnkttcj `vcr ckgdt n`htds eltcr tdc `rei erguncht, tdc Gery Lkrn rclcrchacj

tdc s`-aeiicj ’sn`bkhg guh„ C-Jksa`vcry Ncn` `hiy kh `hc skhgic peregrepd=

’Jclchjeht f``bkhg egchakcs leki t` ejjrcss tdc rew, ugiy, uhverhksdcj reakei

ehknus uha`vcrcj jurkhg jksa`vcry. Zdc reakei cpktdct —hkggcr‛ wes uscj 1:;

tkncs kh c-nekis `l cnpi`yccs `l AEE ehj RWkiiken N`rrks^. Cx. 15.„ Fut tdc

vcrsk`h `l tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn` etteadcj es Cxdkfkt 15 kjchtklkcj `hiy 7;

rclcrchacs t` tdc w`rj ’hkggcr.„ ( Kj. ¼¼ 555, 566.) Jcspktc Gery‛s essurehacs t`

V`wc tdet tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn` sunnerkzkhg tdc liegreht usc `l reakei siurs kh

cnekis wùij guerehtcc piekhtklls‛ suaacss et sunnery mujgncht, (kj. ¼¼ 41, 44,

555, 551‑61), Mujgc _ettcrs`h jctcrnkhcj tdet tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`, etteadcj

es Cx. 15 t` tdc rcsp`hsc frkcl, wes khejnksskfic. ( Kj. ¼ 55;)2 scc V`wc Chtn‛t,

Aesc 5=53-av-??77?-EZ Jàuncht 75 Lkicj ?1/15/5< _egc 51 `l


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Kha. v. Wkiiken N`rrks Egchay, Kha., H`. ;4 Akv. 4676(V__), 6??3 WI 66411, et

*31 h.5:1 (Q.J.H.[. Meh. 3, 6??3). Mujgc _ettcrs`h grehtcj tdc jclchjehts‛

n`tk`hs l`r sunnery mujgncht `h Mehuery 3, 6??3. (A`npi. ¼¼ 55?, 563.)2 scc

V`wc Chtn‛t, Kha., H`. ;4 Akv. 4676(V__), 6??3 WI 66411, et *47.

Kh l``th`tc 5:1 `l dks 47-pegc sunnery mujgncht `rjcr, Mujgc _ettcrs`h

jksausscj tdc ejnksskfkikty `l C-Jksa`vcry Ncn` cxpiekhkhg tdet= (5) tdc ncn`

wes ’eh uhkjchtklkcj ehj uheutdchtkaetcj jàuncht, h`t pr`juacj fy

piekhtkllsR/tdc Gery Lkrn^ kh jksa`vcry2„ (6) jcspktc rcpcetcj rcqucsts fy Wkiiken

N`rrks ehj AEE, tdc Gery Lkrn ’rcluscj t` pr`vkjc tdc Rj^clchjehts wktd ehy

lùhjetk`hei khl`rnetk`h rcgerjkhg Cxdkfkt 15 `r t` pr`juac e derj a`py `l tdc

uhjcriykhg cnekis rclcrchacj kh Cxdkfkt 152„ (1) piekhtkll‛s aùhsci lekicj t`

a`npiy wktd tdc aùrt-`rjcrcj C-Jksa`vcry pr`tàì fy lekikhg t` jcskghetc

acrtekh cnekis es netcrkei ehj sceradkhg cneki f`xcs `l cnpi`yccs fcy`hj td`sc

`rkgkheiiy rcqucstcj ehj egrccj t`2 ehj (:) lekicj t` kjchtkly ehj pr`juac tdc

uhjcriykhg cnekis s` tdc aùrt aùij jctcrnkhc wdctdcr tdc reakei cpktdcts

rclcrchacj kh tdc ncn` wcrc uscj fy tdc cnpi`yccs kh tdckr cneki

a`rrcsp`hjchac `r wcrc a`htekhcj kh s`hg iyrkas, sarkpts, sarcch pieys, `r spen.

( Kj.)

Eltcr Mujgc _ettcrs`h grehtcj mujgncht kh lev`r `l jclchjehts kh tdc akvki

rkgdts iewsukt, Gery aeiicj V`wc t` gkvc dkn tdc fej hcws tdet tdc aesc dej fcch

tdr`wh ùt. V`wc tdch knncjketciy esbcj Gery d`w tdet wes p`sskfic kh ikgdt `l

tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`, t` wdkad Gery rcsp`hjcj tdet Mujgc _ettcrs`h wes ’es

Aesc 5=53-av-??77?-EZ Jàuncht 75 Lkicj ?1/15/5< _egc 5: `l


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reakst es aeh fc„ ehj dks jcaksk`h wes n`tkvetcj fy reaksn. Gery tdch tìj V`wc

dc‛j devc t` lkhj eh`tdcr iewycr kl dc wehtcj t` eppcei tdc aesc fcaeusc ’tdcrc‛s

h` wey wc‛rc g`khg t` wkh up tdcrc egekhst td`sc reaksts kh Hcw [`rb.„ ( Kj .

¼¼ 563‑6;.) Gery eis` eaauscj V`wc‛s l`rncr ett`rhcys Gìj, Dcsikh ehj _rkn`ll

`l fckhg gukity `l nksa`hjuat, ehj stetcj tdet Wkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE wùij

st`p et h`tdkhg t` jclcet tdc iewsukt. Gery spcauietcj tdet Gìj, Dcsikh, _rkn`ll,

ehj Mujgc _ettcrs`h wcrc khvìvcj kh e a`hspkreay wktd tdc iewycrs lr`n Wkiiken

N`rrks ehj AEE. ( Kj. ¼ 567.) Eltcr V`wc dej rcej Mujgc _ettcrs`h‛s sunnery

mujgncht `rjcr, dc aeiicj Gery egekh t` esb efùt tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn` ehj

wes gkvch tdc senc st`ry. ( Kj. ¼ 56


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wktd tw` Hcw [`rb iewycrs wd` dej rcvkcwcj tdc aesc ehj cxpiekhcj t` V`wc,

l`r tdc lkrst tknc, tdet tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn` wes aiceriy khejnksskfic, tdet Mujgc

_ettcrs`h a`rrcatiy jksrcgerjcj kt, tdet eii `l V`wc‛s iewycrs nust devc fcch

ewerc tdet tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn` wùij fc khejnksskfic, ehj tdet ehy

a`npctcht iewycr wùij devc jcnehjcj pr`juatk`h `l tdc cnekis uhjcriykhg tdc

Ncn` fcaeusc `hiy tdcsc cnekis wùij a`hstktutc ejnksskfic cvkjchac. ( Kj .

¼¼ 515‑16.) V`wc khktkeiiy rcluscj t` fcikcvc tdet Gery wes rcsp`hskfic l`r tdc

lekiurc t` `ftekh tdc cnekis fcaeusc kt wes Dcsikh wd` `rkgkheiiy trkcj t` a`hacei

tdc khl`rnetk`h kh tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`. ( Kj. ¼¼ 511‑1:.)

@h Nerad 6?56, V`wc lkicj e pr` sc n`tk`h uhjcr Vuic


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¼¼ 517‑1;.) Eaa`rjkhg t` tdc A`npiekht, eltcr rcvkcwkhg tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`

l`r tdc lkrst tknc kh Eprki 6?56, V`wc icerhcj tdet= (5) ’tdc Gery Lkrn nust devc

khtchtk`heiiy sufnkttcj eh eitcrcj vcrsk`h `l tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`„ fcaeusc

Cxdkfkt 15 ’wes `fvkùsiy nksskhg tdc arktkaei lkrst ehj scvchtcchtd pegcs2„ ehj

(6) tdc hencs `l tdc Wkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE cnpi`yccs ikstcj `h Cxdkfkt 15 jkj

h`t khaiujc ehy `l tdc nuska egchts tdet V`wc dej khjkaetcj hccjcj t` fc

sceradcj, fut khstcej khaiujcj cnpi`yccs V`wc dej hcvcr cvch dcerj `l. ( Kj.

¼ 514.) Sp`h jksa`vcrkhg tdet Gery dej sccnkhgiy lekicj t` scerad l`r cnekis `l

tdc rcicveht nuska egchts ehj suspcatkhg Aenpfcii dej khtchtk`heiiy wktddcij

tdc lkrst ehj scvchtcchtd pegcs `l tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`, V`wc aenc t` fcikcvc

tdc Gery Lkrn dej eatkvciy jclreujcj V`wc ehj tdc `tdcr piekhtklls efùt tdc C-

Jksa`vcry Ncn`. ( Kj. ¼ 51;.)

Eaa`rjkhg t` tdc _iekhtklls‛ A`npiekht, Wkiiken Aenpfcii bhcw tdc C-

Jksa`vcry Ncn` wes h`t ejnksskfic, ehj ’ehj up`h khl`rnetk`h ehj fcikcl,

jcstr`ycj tdc lkrst ehj scvchtcchtd pegcs `l tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`.„ ( Kj. ¼ 565.)

Aenpfcii ehj tdc Gery Lkrn wehtcj t` a`hacei tdc akraunstehacs `l d`w tdc

ncn` wes prcpercj ehj rcjuac tdc hunfcr `l tkncs tdc w`rj ’hkggcr„ eppcercj

kh tdc cnekis lr`n 1:; tknc t` 7; tkncs. ( Kj. ¼¼ 55;, 565‑61.) _iekhtklls eiicgc tdet

tdc Gery Lkrn bh`wkhgiy sufnkttcj khejnksskfic cvkjchac ehj eitcrcj tdc

cvkjchac t` nebc kt eppcer n`rc uhrcikefic tdeh kt eircejy wes. ( Kj. ¼ 56?.)

Kh Muhc 6?51, Neraus Wesdkhgt`h pr`vkjcj V`wc wktd a`pkcs dc `ftekhcj

`l icttcrs fctwcch Dcsikh ehj _rkn`ll ehj aùhsci l`r Wkiiken N`rrks kh tdc leii



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`l 6??6 rcgerjkhg tdc rcsuits `l tdc Cicatr`hka Cvkjchac Jksa`vcry, Kha. cneki

sceradcs, tdcsc icttcrs a`hlkrncj tdet aùhsci jkj h`t lìi`w tdc aùrt-`rjcrcj

jksa`vcry pr`tàì. V`wc jksa`vcrcj l`r tdc lkrst tknc lr`n dks rcvkcw `l tdcsc

icttcrs tdet tdc Gery Lkrn dej vìuhterkiy wekvcj tdc rkgdt `l lkrst rcvkcw `l tdc

cneki sceradcs es pr`vkjcj uhjcr tdc pr`tàì. ( Kj. ¼ 5:5‑:6.)

_iekhtklls eiicgc tdet jcspktc dks suaacss es e iewycr wkhhkhg nuitkpic mury

vcrjkats `l duhjrcjs `l nkiik`hs `l jìiers, Gery wes dkgdiy kh jcft. Zdc _iekhtklls

eiicgc ’up`h khl`rnetk`h ehj fcikcl„ Gery `wcj nkiik`hs `l jìiers t` verkùs

ichjcrs `h dkgd-khtcrcst ièhs ehj wes jcspcretc l`r luhjs t` pey `ll dks jcft et

tdc tknc `l dks rcprcschtetk`h `l V`wc ehj tdc `tdcr piekhtklls kh tdckr iewsukt

egekhst Wkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE. ( Kj. ¼¼ 5:7‑:;.) _iekhtklls lurtdcr eiicgcj

’Ru^p`h khl`rnetk`h ehj fcikcl, retdcr tdeh eaacptkhg e $: nkiik`h a`htkhgchay

lcc l`r e $6? nkiik`h sctticncht Rlr`n Wkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE^, Gery a`hspkrcj

wktd aùhsci l`r RWkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE^ t` essurc tdet tdc Akvki Vkgdts Eatk`h

wùij fc jksnksscj kh rcturh l`r a`hskjcretk`h ler kh cxacss `l $: nkiik`h. ( Kj.

¼ 53?.)

_iekhtklls eis` eiicgc kh tdc A`npiekht tdet Jclchjehts devc chgegcj kh e

pettcrh `l jclreujkhg tdckr aikchts, p`khtkhg t` e scperetc aesc lr`n 6??6-6??1 kh

wdkad s`nc ncnfcrs `l tdc Gery Lkrn wcrc eaauscj `l lreujuichtiy wktddìjkhg

$35.3 nkiik`h `l e sctticncht lr`n aikchts kh eh cnpi`yncht jksarknkhetk`h

iewsukt frùgdt egekhst L`rj N`t`r A`npehy ehj `hc `l L`rj‛s suppikcrs,

\kstc`h A`rp`retk`h. Bufkb v. Wkiikc Gery ct ei , Akv. Eatk`h H`. ?1-71113? (C.J.



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5;

Nkad. 6??1)2 (A`npi. ¼¼ 1:‑:1.) Kh tdc L`rj/\kstc`h aesc, tdc Gery Lkrn ehj e

iàei Nkadkgeh iew lkrn eiicgcjiy rceadcj e sctticncht `h fcdeil `l tdc piekhtklls

wktdùt khl`rnkhg tdc piekhtklls tdet tdcy wcrc j`khg s`. Wkiikc Gery, V`fcrt

_erchtk, Zrkake D`llicr, ehj Qcbù Gery wcrc hencj es jclchjehts kh tdc

L`rj/\kstc`h aesc. Zdc Gery Lkrn tdch eiicgcjiy nct wktd cead `l tdc piekhtklls

khjkvkjueiiy ehj pr`p`scj tdet tdc jclchjehts wcrc wkiikhg t` scttic tdc iewsukt

l`r lefrkaetcj enùhts. ( Kj . ¼¼ 14‑:?.) Zdc Gery Lkrn eiicgcjiy a`hvkhacj kts

aikcht t` scttic tdc iewsukt l`r icss n`hcy s` tdet kt aùij bccp $35.3 nkiik`h lr`n

tdc gi`fei sctticncht enùht. Kh Qcptcnfcr 6??1, tdc Shktcj Qtetcs Jkstrkat

Aùrt l`r tdc Cestcrh Jkstrkat `l Nkadkgeh jchkcj tdc Gery Lkrn‛s n`tk`h t`

jksnkss. Zdc Gery Lkrn sufscquchtiy sctticj tdc iewsukt l`r e a`hlkjchtkei

enùht kh Qcptcnfcr 6??1. ( Kj. ¼ :1.) Cvch tdùgd tdc L`rj/\kstc`h aesc

khvìvcj jkllcrcht pertkcs tdeh td`sc kh tdc akvki rkgdts sukt, tdc _iekhtklls frùgdt

tdc L`rj/\kstc`h aesc t` tdc Aùrt‛s ettchtk`h fcaeusc tdcy vkcw tdks cerikcr sukt

es cvkjchac tdet Jclchjehts‛ a`hjuat t`werj tdcn wes pert `l e pettcrh `l

reabctccrkhg eatkvkty.

KKK.

EHEI[QKQ

E. Qtetutc `l Iknktetk`hs

Es e tdrcsdìj nettcr, Jclchjehts erguc tdet tdc stetutc `l iknktetk`hs fers

tdc _iekhtklls‛ lcjcrei VKA@ aiekns. (Gery N`t. et 56‑512 Qpcrehj` N`t. et 63‑

64.) _iekhtklls nebc e deil-dcertcj erguncht tdet tdckr aiekns wcrc tknciy lr`n

Aesc 5=53-av-??77?-EZ Jàuncht 75 Lkicj ?1/15/5< _egc 5; `l


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tdc p`kht tdcy jksa`vcrcj tdc eiicgcj pettcrh `l reabctccrkhg eatkvkty. D`wcvcr,

_iekhtklls‛ rcsp`hsc rcikcs prknerkiy `h eh cquktefic t`iikhg erguncht.

VKA@ aiekns erc sufmcat t` e l`ur-ycer stetutc `l iknktetk`hs.6 Qcc V`tciie v.

W``j , 364 S.Q. 3:;, 331 (6???)2 Nekz v. \krehk , 631 L.1j


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65

rclcrchacs eppcerkhg kh s`nc l`rn kh cnekis es khejnksskfic12 (6) V`wc rcej tdc

sunnery mujgncht `rjcr ehj jksausscj tdc jcaksk`h wktd Gery2 ehj (1) ehj

V`wc qucstk`hcj Gery ef`ut tdc fesks l`r tdc jcaksk`h, khaiujkhg wdy tdc C-

Jksa`vcry Ncn` wes h`t ejnkttcj kht` cvkjchac. (A`npi. ¼¼ 563‑6;.)

A`hstrukhg tdc A`npiekht kh tdc ikgdt n`st lev`refic t` _iekhtklls, tdc aiekns

fcgeh t` eaaruc `h @at`fcr 6, 6??


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a`haceincht `r `tdcr khcquktefic akraunstehacs. Ciiks v. Gch. N`t`rs Eaacptehac

A`rp., 5


23/65

61

tdckr `rkgkhei a`npiekht eiicgetk`hs tdet tdc Jclchjehts a`haceicj tdckr

nksa`hjuat wdch Gery tìj V`wc tdet Mujgc _ettcrs`h‛s sunnery mujgncht

jcaksk`h wes iergciy khliuchacj fy reaksn.

Eaa`rjkhg t` _iekhtklls, ’Rw^ktdùt ehy cvkjchac `l tdc Gery Iewycrs‛ lreuj,

V`wc dej h` rces`h t` suspcat tdcy ney devc chtcrcj kht` e —scarct egrccncht‛

wktd Wkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE. . . . RZ^dc n`st pieuskfic cxpiehetk`h l`r Mujgc

_ettcrs`h‛s jcaksk`h t` V`wc, e fieab neh wd` grcw up kh tdc scgrcgetcj sùtd,

wes Gery‛s cxpiehetk`h tdet Mujgc _ettcrs`h wes n`tkvetcj fy reaksn.„ (_is.‛

Vcsp. et 5;.) V`wc tdus fcikcvcj Mujgc _ettcrs`h jksnksscj tdc aesc fcaeusc `l

reaksn jcspktc devkhg rcej tdc sunnery mujgncht `rjcr. (A`npi. ¼ 56


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6:

¼¼ 563‑6;.) Zdcsc eiicgetk`hs, stehjkhg ei`hc, erc khsullkakcht t` jcn`hstretc

_iekhtklls‛ juc jkikgchac t` khvcstkgetc tdckr aiekns. Eaa`rjkhgiy, tdc stetutc `l

iknktetk`hs wes h`t juc t` fc tìicj fescj sìciy `h tdc eiicgetk`hs kh tdc `rkgkhei

A`npiekht.

Lìi`wkhg tdc dcerkhg `h Jclchjehts‛ N`tk`hs t` Jksnkss, tdc Aùrt

pcrnkttcj _iekhtklls t` lkic e suppicnchtei frkcl wktd icgei eutd`rktkcs `h tdc juc

jkikgchac rcqukrcncht. @h Nerad 5:, 6?5


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leisc rcprcschtetk`hs tdet Mujgc _ettcrs`h wes e reakst ehjp`sskfiy chgegcj kh e a`rrupt a`hspkreay.

•

V`wc hcvcrtdcicss s`ugdt t` devc dks aesc eppceicj kh tdcQca`hj Akraukt. Dc rctekhcj `hc `l tdc n`st rcspcatcj iew

lkrns kh tdc a`uhtry ehj wes rcprcschtcj fy Ett`rhcy BckieVevci` et Aikll`rj Adehac II_. Zdc Qca`hj Akraukt jchkcj tdceppcei `h Jcacnfcr 1?, 6??3.

• @h Vevci`‛s rca`nnchjetk`h, V`wc eutd`rkzcj Vevci` t` lkicn`tk`hs l`r rcdcerkhg ehj rcdcerkhg ch feha, wdkad wcrcjchkcj `h Ney 6, 6??


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• Kh Mehuery `l 6?5?, Nr. V`wc‛s f``b wes pufiksdcj ehjrcicescj. V`wc wr`tc tdks f``b wktd tdc d`pc `l frkhgkhgewerchcss t` tdc khmustkacs tdet dej jcvestetcj ehj jcstr`ycjtdc ikvcs `l h`t `hiy tdc aiess `l fieab a`hacrt pr`n`tcrs, fut

Elrkaeh Encrkaehs ehj tdùsehjs `l `tdcr Encrkaehs wd`

jcpchjcj `h tdc chtcrtekhncht khjustry l`r tdckr ikvcikd``j. Dcd`pcj tdc f``b wùij frkhg pufika prcssurc t` khvcstkgetc tdca`rruptk`h tdet V`wc fcikcvcj wes rcsp`hskfic l`r tdc i`ss `ltdc Akvki Vkgdts Eatk`h.

(Cx. 5, Jà.


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(Cx. 5, J`a.


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64

• Kh @at`fcr 6?51, V`wc lkicj e a`npiekht wktd tdc Li`rkje Feregekhst Gery ehj dks iew lkrn l`r vkìetkhg tdc ett`rhcy ruics `lpr`lcssk`hei a`hjuat. Zdc a`npiekht wes jksnksscj `h Nerad56, 6?5:.

•

Kh Mehuery 6?5:, V`wc fcgeh lkikhg ikchs egekhst eii `lett`rhcys, khaiujkhg Gery es e rcsuit `l tdckr lekiurc t` turh `vcrdks iktkgetk`h lkics. Mujgc _ettcrs`h sufscquchtiy grehtcj tdcett`rhcys n`tk`hs l`r a`htcnpt ehj kssucj eh errcst werreht t`dìj V`wc uhtki dc wktdjrcw tdc ikchs. @h Eprki ;, 6?5: V`wc

wes errcstcj fy S.Q. Nersdeiis et dks d`nc. V`wc `ptcj t`rcnekh kh meki uhtki dc rcn`vcj tdc ikchs `h Eugust 5, 6?5:.

•

Kh Qcptcnfcr 6?5:, V`wc rctekhcj dks aurrcht aùhsci, Cjwerj

Grkllktd, wd` lkicj tdc aurrcht iewsukt kh Mehuery 6?53.

Es tdcsc eiicgetk`hs aìicatkvciy jcn`hstretc, V`wc jkj h`t sknpiy rciy `h

Gery‛s cxpiehetk`h l`r tdc i`ss `l tdc aesc `h sunnery mujgncht es e rcsuit `l

Mujgc _ettcrs`h‛s eiicgcj reaksn. Eitdùgd V`wc‛s Juc Jkikgchac Zkncikhc j`cs

h`t cstefiksd ehy a`hjuat fy V`wc wktdkh tdc lùr-ycer stetutc `l iknktetk`hs

jkrcatcj et uha`vcrkhg wr`hgj`khg fy tdc Gery Jclchjehts, tdc Aùrt aehh`t

lkhj es e nettcr `l iew tdet V`wc jkj h`t uhjcrtebc e h y khvcstkgetk`h kht` tdc

aeusc `l dks khmury. Khstcej, tdc A`npiekht eiicgetk`hs t`gctdcr wktd tdc Juc

Jkikgchac Zkncikhc sd`w tdet V`wc wes upsct ehj a`hacrhcj efùt tdc ùta`nc

`l tdc aesc ehj rceadcj ùt t` e hunfcr `l ett`rhcys ehj `tdcr g`vcrhncht

`llkakeis dc fcikcvcj aùij dcip dkn gct t` tdc f`tt`n `l wdet dc vkcwcj es

a`rruptk`h `h tdc pert `l dks l`rncr iewycrs et QHV, tdc jclchjehts kh tdc

uhjcriykhg akvki rkgdts sukt, ehj Mujgc _ettcrs`h t` a`vcr up pcrveskvc reaksn kh

V`wc rcqucstcj tdc lkics lr`n Gery, V`wc wes tìj tdcy dej fcch jcstr`ycj kh e durrkaehc.V`wc eiicgcs ’up`h khl`rnetk`h ehj fcikcl„ tdet Gery ’khtchtk`heiiy jcstr`ycj tdc lkic kh `rjcrt` a`hacei dks wr`hgj`khg.„ (A`npi. ¼ 5;.)



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tdc nuska chtcrtekhncht khjustry. Kh j`khg s`, kt eppcers V`wc rcikcj `h Gery‛s

eiicgcj rcprcschtetk`hs tdet dks aeuaeskeh iewycrs ehj Mujgc _ettcrs`h wcrc

khvìvcj kh suad e a`hspkreay. Eitdùgd V`wc pursucj fer a`npiekhts egekhst tdc

Hcw [`rb ett`rhcys wktdkh tdc stetutc `l iknktetk`hs, dc jkj h`t pursuc e

p`tchtkei icgei neipreatkac aiekn egekhst tdcn et ehy tknc fescj `h tdc a`hjuat

eiicgcj kh tdks A`npiekht.

Kh ikgdt `l Gery‛s eiicgcj a`haceincht `l dks `wh lreuj, V`wc wes iescr-

làuscj `h tdc eatk`hs `l dks aùhsci et QHV. D`wcvcr, V`wc‛s khvcstkgetk`h ‚

khaiujkhg tdc dkrkhg `l eppciietc aùhsci kh 6??3, ehj dks ettcnpts t` dkrc

aùhsci t` rcprcscht dkn eltcr tdc eppcei kh 6??7 ehj `hwerj ‚ nkgdt devc

rcvceicj a`hjuat gkvkhg rksc t` e p`tchtkei icgei neipreatkac aiekn egekhst tdc

Gery iewycrs l`r tdckr nksdehjikhg `l tdc akvki rkgdts iewsukt et tdc sunnery

mujgncht stegc.


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uhjcrt``b eh cxtchskvc aenpekgh t` `ftekh khl`rnetk`h kh e verkcty `l weys lr`n

e verkcty `l sùracs t` lkhj ùt d`w ehj wdy tdc aesc wes jksnksscj.

Zdc A`npiekht‛s eiicgetk`hs es fìstcrcj fy tdc Juc Jkikgchac Zkncikhc

ney erguefiy jcn`hstretc tdet V`wc eatcj wktd rces`hefic jkikgchac kh

khvcstkgetkhg dks khmury. D`wcvcr, tdc Aùrt hccj h`t jcakjc tdks kssuc fcaeusc,

cvch kl cquktefic tìikhg wcrc werrehtcj, ehy enchjncht t` tdc A`npiekht wùij

fc lutkic es _iekhtklls devc lekicj t` stetc e pieuskfic lcjcrei akvki VKA@ aiekn es

cxpiekhcj fci`w. Qcc L`neh v. Jevks, 175 S.Q. 574, 546 (5;


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Z` stetc e aiekn l`r vk`ietk`h `l scatk`h 5;


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wkrcs kh lurtdcrehac `l tdet sadcnc.„ Encrkaeh Jchtei Ess‛h,


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Sp`h khl`rnetk`h ehj fcikcl, tdks pettcrh `l reabctccrkhg eatkvktya`hskstcj `l jclreujkhg nehy aikchts `l tdc Gery Iew Lkrn,khaiujkhg=

5. Jclreujkhg :6 aikchts esscrtkhg gchjcr jksarknkhetk`haiekns egekhst L`rj fy scarctiy hcg`tketkhg e gi`feisctticncht wktd L`rj, lreujuichtiy khjuakhg tdc aikchtst` chtcr kht` a`htkhgchay lcc egrccnchts wktdùtjksai`skhg tdet L`rj dej eircejy sctticj, lreujuichtiyrcprcschtkhg tdet tdc sctticncht enùht wes $35.3nkiik`h icss tdeh tdc enùht L`rj dej eatueiiy egrccjt` pey, ehj rctekhkhg tdet $35.3 nkiik`h a`haceicjp`rtk`h `l tdc sctticncht2 ehj

6. Jclreujkhg tdc piekhtklls kh tdc Akvki Vkgdts Eatk`h(tdc ’Akvki Vkgdts _iekhtklls„), wdkad khaiujc tdc

_iekhtklls kh tdks eatk`h, fy

( e ) khtchtk`heiiy a`hjuatkhg jksa`vcry kh e nehhcrtdet wes jcskghcj t` pr`tcat Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE lr`npr`juakhg cnekis a`htekhkhg reakeiiy jcr`get`rytcrns,

(f) lekikhg t` sufnkt ejnksskfic cvkjchac kh`pp`sktk`h t` Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE‛s n`tk`h l`rsunnery mujgncht, ehj,

(a) up`h khl`rnetk`h ehj fcikcl, a`hspkrkhg wktd Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE kh `rjcr t` essurc tdet tdc AkvkiVkgdts Eatk`h wùij fc jksnksscj kh rcturh l`ra`hskjcretk`h pekj jkrcatiy t` tdc Gery Iew Lkrn.

( Qcc A`npi. ¼ 6.)

e. Chtcrprksc

_iekhtklls esscrt tdet Jclchjehts wcrc chgegcj kh e VKA@ chtcrprksc fescj

`h tdc lìi`wkhg eiicgetk`hs=

• Zdc Gery Jclchjehts erc e grùp `l pcrs`hs essàketcj t`gctdcr khleat l`r tdc a`nn`h purp`sc `l aerrykhg ùt eh `hg`khg arknkheichtcrprksc, henciy, tdrùgd e nuitk-leactcj aenpekgh `l ikcs, lreuj,tdrcets ehj a`rruptk`h t` jclreuj tdc aikchts `l tdc Gery Iew Lkrn



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ehj t` rcjkrcat nkiik`hs `l jìiers t` wdkad td`sc aikchts erc chtkticjt` tdc arknkhei chtcrprksc.

• Wdkic tdc `rgehkzetk`h `l tdc chtcrprksc ehj kts ncnfcrs devcadehgcj `vcr tknc, tdc arknkhei chtcrprksc des gchcreiiy fcch

struaturcj t` `pcretc es e uhkt t` eaa`npiksd tdc gèis `l tdckrarknkhei sadcnc=

5.

Zdc Gery Jclchjehts `pcretc tdckr arknkhei chtcrprksctdrùgd tdc `rgehkzetk`h ehj struaturc `l tdc GeryIew Lkrn.

6.

Wkiikc Gery ehj, up`h khl`rnetk`h ehj fcikcl, dksperthcr I`rchz` Wkiikens erc tdc schk`r nehegcrs `ltdc arknkhei chtcrprksc t̀ wdkad tdckr lcii`w

a`hspkret`rs rcp`rt.

1.

Et eii rcicveht tkncs, jclchjehts Wkiiken Aenpfcii,Qcbù N. Gery, Zrkake _. D`llicr ehj Nerke Qpcrehjèatkvciy chgegcj kh tdc arknkhei chtcrprksc ehjlìi`wcj tdc khstruatk`hs `l Gery ehj Wkiikens t`lurtdcr tdc `fmcatkvcs `l tdc arknkhei chtcrprksc.

• Zdc Gery Jclchjehts a`hstktutc eh essàketk`h-kh-leat chtcrprksc wktdkh tdc ncehkhg `l 54 S.Q.A. §§ 5;


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Aeghkhe,


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f. VKA@ Qadcnc

_iekhtklls eiicgc tdet ’tdc Gery Jclchjehts devc chgegcj kh wkjc-rehgkhg

sadcncs `r ertklkacs t` jclreuj tdc aikchts `l tdc Gery Iew Lkrn, khaiujkhg

R_iekhtklls^ ehj, up`h khl`rnetk`h ehj fcikcl, nehy `tdcr aikchts. Zdc uitknetc

`fmcatkvc `l tdcsc lreujuicht sadcncs `r ertklkacs des fcch t` jkvcrt t` tdc

Chtcrprksc luhjs `r pr`pcrty t` wdkad tdc aikchts `l tdc Gery Iew Lkrn erc

chtkticj.„ (A`npi. ¼ 5


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39/65

1;

l r e u j u i c h t `n k ssk ` h s ehj n k sr cp r csch t e t k ` h s t ` k h j u a c tdc Akvki Vkgdts _iekhtklls t` rcmcat e $6? nkiik`h sctticncht lr`n Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE.

• Eltcr Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE lkicj tdckr n`tk`hs l`r sunnery mujgncht, tdc Gery Iewycrs su fn k t t cj eh e i t c r cj v c r s k ` h `ltdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`rehjun es Cxdkfkt 15 kh `pp`sktk`h t` td`scn`tk`hs. Cxdkfkt 15, d`wcvcr, jkj h`t a`htekh tdc lkrst `rscvchtcchtd pegcs `l tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`rehjun. Zdc nksskhglkrst pegc a`htekhcj dcejcr khl`rnetk`h kjchtklykhg tdcncn`rehjun es a`nkhg lr`n tdc c-jksa`vcry lkrn ehjsunnerkzcj tdc cneki scerad rcsuits, henciy tdet tdc cnekisa`htekhcj duhjrcjs `l reakeiiy jcr`get`ry tcrns. Sp ` hk h l ` r n e t k ` h e h j f ci k cl , tdc nksskhg scvchtcchtd pegc kjchtklkcjduhjrcjs `l khstehacs `l tdc khlenùs reakei cpktdct ’hkggcr.„

Wdch tdc Gery Iewycrs sufnkttcj tdc eitcrcj vcrsk`h `l tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`rehjun es Cxdkfkt 15, tdcy bhcw tdet wktdùt tdcuhjcriykhg cnekis cvch tdc a`npictc vcrsk`h `l tdc C-Jksa`vcryNcn`rehjun wes khejnksskfic.

• Zdc Gery Iewycrs l e k i c j t ` sufn k t ejn k s s k f i c cv k jchac `ftekhcj kh jksa`vcry supp`rtkhg tdc Akvki Vkgdts _iekhtklls‛ a`htreat

fescj reakei jksarknkhetk`h aiekns kh `pp`sktk`h t` tdc n`tk`hs l`rsunnery mujgncht kh ejnksskfic l`rn ehj/`r sufnkttcj kha`npictc`r khsullkakcht cvkjchac kh `pp`sktk`h t` td`sc n`tk`hs.

• Eltcr tdc Akvki Vkgdts Eatk`h wes jksnksscj, tdc Gery Iewycrsa` h t k h u cj t d ck r sad cn c t ` jc lr e u j tdc Akvki Vkgdts _iekhtklls

fy l e i s ci y r cp r csch t k h g tdet tdc jkstrkat aùrt‛s ruikhg rcgerjkhgtdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`rehjun ehj `tdcr cvkjchac sufnkttcj kh`pp`sktk`h t` tdc n`tk`hs l`r sunnery mujgncht a`hstktutcj aicercrr`rs `l iew ehj wes n`tkvetcj fy cktdcr a`rruptk`h `r e jccpiy-cnfcjjcj reakei fkes retdcr tdeh eh `fmcatkvc eppikaetk`h `l tdcruics `l cvkjchac.

• Zdc Gery Iewycrs bhcw tdet tdc eitcrcj vcrsk`h `l tdc C-Jksa`vcryNcn`rehjun sufnkttcj es Cxdkfkt 15, ehj tdc `tdcr cvkjchac tdcysufnkttcj kh `pp`sktk`h t` tdc n`tk`hs l`r sunnery mujgncht, wcrckhejnksskfic `r khsullkakcht t` jclcet Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE‛s n`tk`hsl`r sunnery mujgncht. Sp` h k h l `r n e t k ` h e h j f ci k cl , tdcyb h `w k h g i y su fn k t t cj k h e jn k ssk f i c ` r k h su l l k ak ch t

cv k jchac fcaeusc tdcy w eh t cj W k i i k en N ` r r k s-AEE ‛s

Aesc 5=53-av-??77?-EZ Jàuncht 75 Lkicj ?1/15/5< _egc 1; `l


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n ` t k `h s l` r sun n e r y m u j gn ch t t ` f c g r e h t cj . Sp ` hk h l ` r n e t k ` h e h j f ci k cl , tdc Gery Iewycrs a`hsp k r cj wktd

Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE t` essurc tdet tdc reakeiiy jcr`get`ry cnekis wùij h`t a`nc t` ikgdt ehj tdet Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE‛s n`tk`hs l`rsunnery mujgncht wùij fc grehtcj k h r ct u r h l ` r su f st e h t k e i

a` h sk j cr e t k ` h p e k j t ` t d c Ge r y I ew y cr s .

( Qcc A`npi. ¼¼ 1-55, 51-5:.)

a. Eiicgetk`hs `l Neki ehj Wkrc Lreuj

_iekhtklls eiicgc tdet Jclchjehts aerrkcj ùt tdks sadcnc tdrùgd ’nuitkpic

khstehacs `l neki ehj wkrc lreuj„ kh vkìetk`h `l 54 S.Q.A. §§ 51:5, 51:1 fy

schjkhg=

• cnekis, wrktkhgs, nekikhgs, lexcs, ehj/`r tcicpd`hc aeiis lr`ntdc Gery Jclchjehts t` tdc L`rj Aikchts kha`rp`retkhg leiscehj nksicejkhg stetcnchts rcgerjkhg tdc iktkgetk`h wktd L`rj,tdc aiekns `l tdc @rkgkhei L`rj _iekhtklls, tdc aiekns `l tdcQknkieriy Qktuetcj Aieknehts, ehj tdc gi`fei sctticncht wktdL`rj2

• cnekis, wrktkhgs, nekikhgs, lexcs, ehj/`r tcicpd`hc aeiis lr`n tdcGery Jclchjehts t` tdc Akvki Vkgdts _iekhtklls kha`rp`retkhg leisc

ehj nksicejkhg stetcnchts rcgerjkhg tdc Akvki Vkgdts Eatk`h, tdccneki scerad, tdc aùrt-`rjcrcj Cneki Jksa`vcry _r`tàì, tdc C-Jksa`vcry Ncn`rehjun, tdc ejnksskfkikty `l tdc C-Jksa`vcryNcn`rehjun ehj `tdcr cvkjchac kh supp`rt `l tdc Akvki Vkgdts_iekhtklls‛ aiekns, Mujgc _ettcrs`h‛s sunnery mujgncht jcaksk`h,Mujgc _ettcrs`h vkcws t`werj Elrkaeh Encrkaehs2

• cnekis, wrktkhgs, nekikhgs, lexcs, ehj/`r tcicpd`hc aeiis en`hgtdc Gery Jclchjehts a`hacrhkhg tdc jcskgh ehj knpicnchtetk`h`l tdckr sadcnc t` jclreuj tdc L`rj Aikchts2

• cnekis, wrktkhgs, nekikhgs, lexcs, ehj/`r tcicpd`hc aeiis en`hgtdc Gery Jclchjehts a`hacrhkhg tdc jcskgh ehj knpicnchtetk`h`l tdckr sadcnc t` jclreuj tdc Akvki Vkgdts _iekhtklls2

• cnekis, wrktkhgs, nekikhgs, lexcs, ehj/`r tcicpd`hc aeiis lr`n tdcGery Jclchjehts t` a`-a`hspkret`rs, khaiujkhg tdc

Aesc 5=53-av-??77?-EZ Jàuncht 75 Lkicj ?1/15/5< _egc :? `l


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GLN/VufkhFeun/QHV iewycrs ehj aùhsci l`r Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE, a`hacrhkhg tdc jcskgh ehj knpicnchtetk`h `l tdc GeryJclchjehts‛ sadcnc t` jclreuj tdc Akvki Vkgdts _iekhtklls2 ehj

• lkikhg fy neki `r prkvetc aùrkcr ehj scrvkac fy cneki aùrt pepcrs

a`htekhkhg leisc ehj nksicejkhg stetcnchts t` knpcjc tdc`pcretk`h `l tdc aùrt prcskjkhg `vcr tdc Akvki Vkgdts Eatk`h.

(A`np. ¼ 5


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• khtchtk`heiiy lekikhg t` `ftekh tdrùgd jksa`vcry, `r sufnkttkhg kh`pp`sktk`h t` Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE‛s n`tk`hs l`r sunnery

mujgncht, ejnksskfic cvkjchac tdet wùij devc rekscj netcrkeileats prcaiujkhg sunnery mujgncht. L`r cxenpic, eitdùgd tdcGery Jclchjehts sufnkttcj `vcr 6??? a`htreats fctwcch wdktc

nuskaei pcrl`rns ehj wdktc pr`n`tcrs, tdc Gery Jclchjehts lekicjt` `ftekh `r sufnkt cvkjchac tdet tdc a`htreatkhg pr`n`tcrs wcrc, khleat, wdktc retdcr tdeh fieab.

(A`npi. ¼¼ 5


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(H.J. Ge. 5;4


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::

jctekicj bh`wicjgc `l eii tdc akraunstehacs surrùhjkhg tdc eiicgcj lreuj,„

_iekhtklls erc h`t cxauscj lr`n tdckr juty t` ejcquetciy picej s`nc feska jctekis

`l tdc eiicgcj lreujuicht sadcnc ehj wdch ehj d`w kt àaurrcj. Qcc Fkii Fuab

Adcvrìct, Kha. v. GZC Li`rkje, Kha., 3: L. Qupp. 6j 5567, 551< (N.J. Lie. 5;;;)

ell‛j , 65< L.1j 5?;6 (55td Akr. 6???) (aktkhg HAV Arcjkt A`rp. v. Vcptr`h

Cicatr`hkas, Kha., 533 L.V.J.


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uhiewlui egrccncht wes e ’icgei a`haiusk`h„ ehj, es suad, wes h`t chtkticj t` tdc

essunptk`h `l trutd)2 En. Jchtei Ess‛h,


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cvkjchac fcaeusc tdcy wehtcj Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE‛s n`tk`hs l`r sunnery

mujgncht t` fc grehtcj . . . kh rcturh l`r sufstehtkei a`hskjcretk`h pekj t` tdc

Gery Iewycrs,„ (A`npi. ¼ 5:)2 (:) ’khtchtk`heiiy lekicj t` `ftekh„ tdc eatuei

cnekis lr`n tdc cicatr`hka jksa`vcry lkrn ’fcaeusc tdcy wehtcj t` pr`tcat

Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE lr`n pr`juakhg td`sc cnekis,„ (A`npi. ¼ 553)2 ehj (3)

’a`hspkrcj wktd a`uhsci l`r Wkiiken N`rrks-AEE t` essurc tdet tdc Akvki Vkgdts

Eatk`h w`uij fc jksnksscj kh rcturh l`r a`hskjcretk`h ler kh cxacss `l $: nkiik`h„

’retdcr tdeh eaacptkhg e $: nkiik`h a`htkhgchay lcc l`r e $6? nkiik`h sctticncht,„

(A`npi. ¼ 53?.) ( Qcc eis` A`npi. ¼ 5


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dc td`ugdt tdc akvki rkgdts iewsukt wes w`rtd fctwcch $5 fkiik`h ehj $1.3 fkiik`h.

( Kj. ¼¼ ;, 71, 74, ;5, ;6, 5?5, 5


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eiicgetk`h `l lreuj tdch gkvcs rksc t` e adergc `l —reabctccrkhg.‛„) (khtcrhei

aktetk`hs `nkttcj). ’E a`npiekht eiicgkhg lreuj ehj reabctccrkhg —sd`uij fc e

vcdkaic t` rkgdt e wr`hg, h`t t` lkhj `hc.‛„ Kj. (aktkhg Zeyi`r v. Fcer Qtcerhs &

A`., 376 L. Qupp.


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h`r ehy sca`hjery leats s` es t` l`rtkly tdckr a`htchtk`h tdet Gery‛s sctticncht

ejvkac wes tekhtcj fy scil-jceikhg.;

_iekhtklls‛ frkfcry eiicgetk`hs erc h`t f`rhc ùt fy tdc rca`rj `l tdc

pràccjkhgs kh tdc uhjcriykhg akvki rkgdts/ehtktrust iewsukt tdet erc pufikaiy

evekiefic l`r tdc Aùrt‛s a`hskjcretk`h es e nettcr `l mujkakei h`tkac. Kt ks h`t

rces`hefic t` khlcr tdet Wkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE scarctiy pekj Wkiikc Gery

nkiik`hs `l jìiers must t` a`htkhuc t` khaur n`rc iktkgetk`h a`sts l`r hceriy tw`

n`rc ycers fy n`vkhg l`r e pr`tcatkvc `rjcr t` sdkcij tdc cnekis lr`n jksa`vcry,

n`vkhg t` strkbc tdc piekhtklls‛ akvki rkgdts cxpcrts, n`vkhg l`r sunnery

mujgncht, ehj uitknetciy n`vkhg l`r eh ewerj `l ett`rhcy‛s lccs. H`r ks kt

rces`hefic t` khlcr tdet eltcr eaacptkhg suad e frkfc tdet Gery wùij stell hceriy

cvcry ett`rhcy kh dks lkrn `h e aesc dc khtchjcj t` i`sc kh `rjcr t` jrelt

`pp`sktk`h frkcls ehj sccb t` a`npci jksa`vcry `l tdc cnekis. Kt ks n`rc pieuskfic

t` khlcr tdet dej e frkfc fcch nejc, Gery wùij devc uscj dks nestcrlui

pcrsuesk`h sbkiis t` a`hvkhac V`wc tdet tdc cneki scerad wes e fust, tdet tdc aesc

wes e i`st aeusc, ehj wùij devc efehj`hcj V`wc ehj tdc `tdcrs `h tdc

aùrtdùsc stcps.

Cvch tdùgd kt eppcers tdet tdc Gery Lkrn nejc scvcrei nkstebcs kh

iktkgetkhg tdc aesc eltcr eiicgcjiy chaùregkhg _iekhtklls t` rcmcat tdc $6? nkiik`h

; Lurtdcrn`rc, _iekhtklls‛ eiicgetk`h tdet Gery ney devc hccjcj n`hcy t` luhj dks ievksdiklcstyic ehj t` pey `ll dks jcfts ks h`t chùgd t` jrew tdc khlcrchac tdet Jclchjehts rcackvcj e

frkfc lr`n Aicer Adehhci `r Wkiiken N`rrks `r AEE. ( Kj. ¼¼ 5:7‑3?.) Et n`st, tdks khl`rnetk`haùij fc uscj t` sd`w tdet Gery wes kh jcft ehj hccjcj n`rc luhjs, retdcr tdeh sd`w tdc Aùrttdet e pieuskfic khlcrchac aeh fc nejc tdet Jclchjehts khtchtk`heiiy tdrcw tdc akvki rkgdtsiewsukt.

Aesc 5=53-av-??77?-EZ Jàuncht 75 Lkicj ?1/15/5< _egc 3? `l


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sctticncht `llcr lr`n Wkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE, tdc Gery Lkrn h`hctdcicss

a`htkhucj t` iktkgetc tdc aesc l`r e ycer ehj e deil. @tdcr tdeh tdc _iekhtklls

devkhg p`khtcj ùt tdc Gery Lkrn‛s lekiurcs kh rcprcschtkhg tdcn, tdcrc ks h`tdkhg

prcschtcj lr`n tdc leats efùt tdc heturc `l tdc frkfc. _iekhtklls‛ frkfcry aiekn

eiicgcs sknpiy tdet et s`nc p`kht fctwcch Muhc 6??5 (wdch tdc Gery Lkrn ks

rctekhcj) ehj Muiy 6??: (wdch tdc Gery Lkrn lkics e a`npictc sct `l `pp`sktk`h

pepcrs t` tdc jclchjehts‛ sunnery mujgncht n`tk`hs), aùhsci l`r Wkiiken

N`rrks ehj AEE ney devc `llcrcj Wkiikc Gery nkiik`hs `l jìiers t` khtchtk`heiiy

essurc tdet tdc jkstrkat aùrt wùij greht tdckr n`tk`hs l`r sunnery mujgncht.

Zdks typc `l a`haius`ry ehj veguc eiicgetk`h ks prcaksciy tdc s`rt `l picejkhg

wdkad tdc Lcjcrei Vuics sccb t` prcvcht. Eaa`rjkhgiy, tdc Aùrt j`cs h`t lkhj kt

pieuskfic tdet Wkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE wùij a`nc t` e scarct egrccncht wdcrc

tdc Gery Lkrn wùij rcackvc e nuitk-nkiik`h jìier frkfc ehj tdch a`htkhuc t`

iktkgetc tdc aesc l`r ycers. Kl tdks khjccj deppchcj, n`rc sderjs `l cvkjchac

sdùij devc surleacj fy tdks ietc jetc.

kk. _iekhtklls‛ eiicgetk`hs `l jksa`vcry nksa`hjuat erc h`tpieuskfic

@hac tdc a`haius`ry eiicgetk`hs erc swcpt ewey, tdc Aùrt nust jctcrnkhc

wdctdcr _iekhtklls‛ rcnekhkhg wcii-picejcj leatuei eiicgetk`hs, eaacptcj es truc,

pieuskfiy gkvc rksc t` e VKA@ aiekn. Kqfei, 33< S.Q. et


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khvcstkgetk`h kht` tdc cvchts `l Qcptcnfcr 55 ‚ jkj h`t pieuskfiy cstefiksd tdc

purp`sclui, khvkjk`us jksarknkhetk`h tdet tdc piekhtkll esbcj tdc A`urt t` khlcr)2

Zw`nfiy, 33? S.Q. et 3


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Adcvr`ict , 3: L. Qupp. 6j et 5511. Ehj ’Re^ a`nn`h nctd`j l`r cstefiksdkhg e

str`hg khlcrchac `l sakchtcr ks t` eiicgc leats sd`wkhg e n`tkvc l`r a`nnkttkhg

lreuj ehj e aicer `pp`rtuhkty l`r j`khg s`.„ Fkii Fuab Adcvr`ict , 3: L. Qupp. 6j et

5511 (qu`tkhg Fcab v. Nehuleaturcrs Deh`vcr Zrust , 46? L.6j :


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ehj vkg`r`usiy `pp`skhg Wkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE‛s cll`rts kh `ftekhkhg e

pr`tcatkvc `rjcr. Qcc V`wc Chtn‛t, Kha. v. Wkiiken N`rrks Egchay, Kha., 6?3

L.V.J. :65, :6


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dks l`rncr ett`rhcys a`hspkrcj t` sef`tegc dks aesc, fut dc des lekicj t` . . .

ejjrcss tdc Gery Lkrn‛s lekiurc t` pr`vkjc tdc F``bkhg Egchay Jclchjehts‛ wktd

l`uhjetk`hei khl`rnetk`h ef`ut Cxdkfkt 15 ehj tdc uhjcriykhg c-nekis.„) Kh

rcsp`hsc t` V`wc‛s Vuic


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pr`tcat Wkiiken N`rrks ehj AEE ehj khtchtk`heiiy i`sc tdc aesc `h sunnery

mujgncht kh a`hskjcretk`h l`r e frkfc.

kkk. _iekhtklls‛ eiicgetk`hs rcgerjkhg tdc Gery Lkrn‛s

lekiurc t` sufnkt ejnksskfic cvkjchac kh `pp`sktk`h t`sunnery mujgncht erc h`t pieuskfic

Shjcr Zw`nfiy ehj Kqfei , tdc Aùrt ’ney khlcr lr`n tdc leatuei

eiicgetk`hs kh tdc A`npiekht —`fvkùs eitcrhetkvc cxpiehetk`hRs^,‛ wdkad suggcst

iewlui a`hjuat retdcr tdeh tdc uhiewlui a`hjuat tdc _iekhtklls wùij esb tdc

aùrt t` khlcr.„ En. Jchtei Ess‛h,


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prcpercj ehj rcjuac tdc hunfcr `l tkncs tdc w`rj —hkggcr‛ eppcercj kh tdc

cnekis.„ (Gery N`t. et 5


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leonard rowe v. the willie gary law firm et al. -- judge amy totenberg's order granting defendants'...

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