lens aberrations fundamentals - ntuausers.ntua.gr/eglytsis/opteng/aberrations_p.pdf · lens...
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Lens Aberrations Fundamentals
Optical Engineering Prof. Elias N. Glytsis
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens
06/05/2019
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Aberrations (3rd order – Seidel)
3rd order
3rd order
2 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
Chromatic Monochromatic
• Spherical • Coma • Astigmatism • Field Curvature • Distortion
optics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/20-Aberration%20theory.pdf
Unclear Image
Deformation of Image
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Spherical Aberration (3rd order – Seidel)
F. L. Pedrotti et al., “Introduction to Optics”, 3nd Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey,2006
3rd order – Seidel
3 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Aberrations (3rd order – Seidel)
F. L. Pedrotti et al., “Introduction to Optics”, 3nd Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey,2006
4 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Aberrations (3rd order – Seidel)
5 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Aberrations (3rd order – Seidel)
6 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA 7
Aberration Character Correction
1. Spherical aberration Monochromatic, on- and off- axis, image blur
Bending, high index, aspherics, gradient index, doublet
2. Coma Monochromatic, off-axis only, blur
Bending, spaced doublet with central stop
3. Oblique astigmatism Monochromatic, off-axis blur Spaced doublet with stop
4. Curvature of field Monochromatic, off-axis Spaced doublet
5. Distortion Monochromatic, off-axis Spaced doublet with stop
6. Chromatic aberration Heterochromatic, on- and off-axis, blur
Contact doublet, spaced doublet
Lens Aberrations and Common Corrections
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geoopt/aberrcon.html
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Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA 8
• Lens Bending • Power Splitting • Power Combination • Distances • Refractive Index • Dispersion • Gradient Index Materials • Cemented Surfaces • Aspherical Surfaces • Diffractive Surfaces
Lens Aberrations and Corrections Approaches
Example: Splitting and bending. In the examples shown f ′ = 100 mm, the aperture is f/1.4, the refractive index n = 1.5. Note the change in the scale for the transverse aberration diagram in case (e) with four elements. The transverse aberration is shown with respect to the Gaussian image plane. Handbook of Optical Systems, Ed. H. Gross, vol. 3, 2007
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Spherical Aberration
http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/basics/g11/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)
9 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA 10
Spherical Aberration Example
https://www.wehelpchicagosee.com/blog/2015/01/28/high-definition-hd-vision-154460
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Plano-Convex Lens
11 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Convex-Plano Lens
12 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Comparison of the Spherical Aberration of a Plano-Convex Lens and a Convex-Plano Lens
13 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA 14
Convex-Plano Lens
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Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA 15
Convex-Plano Lens
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Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA 16
Convex-Plano Lens
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Biconvex Lens
17 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Spherical Aberration of a Biconvex Lens
18 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Sphere Lens
19 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Spherical Aberration of a Dielectric Sphere
h (mm) f (mm)
5 50.4
10 49.4
15 47.6
20 45.0
25 41.6
30 37.3
35 31.8
40 24.8
45 15.8
20 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA 21
Spherical Aberration of a Dielectric Sphere
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Spherical Aberration
Shape Factor
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geoopt/imggo/meniscus.gif
22 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA 23
σ = -2.5 σ = -2.0 σ = -1.5 σ = -1.0 σ = 0.0 σ = +0.5 σ = +1.0 σ = +1.5 σ = +2.0 σ = +2.5 σ = -0.5
f = 50mm
σ = -2.5 σ = -2.0 σ = -1.5 σ = -1.0 σ = 0.0 σ = +0.5 σ = +1.0 σ = +1.5 σ = +2.0 σ = +2.5 σ = -0.5
f = -50mm
Spherical Aberration – Shape Factor
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Spherical Aberration (3rd order)
Jenkins and White, “Fundamentals of Optics”, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 2001
24 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Spherical Aberration Correction
25 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Astigmatism
http://www.handprint.com/ASTRO/ae4.html
26 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Astigmatism
Horizontal Focus Vertical Focus
27 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Astigmatism (Examples)
http://acuitylaservision.com/category/all-about-eyes/medical-blog-acuity/page/3/
28 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Astigmatism Causes Blurring of the Image
29 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
http://eckop.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Fig-1.14-Tangential-and-Sagittal-Foci.png
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Coma
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)
http://www.cheyennezjphotographer.com/photography/lenses-2/
30 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Coma (Examples)
http://www.handprint.com/ASTRO/ae4.html
31 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Field Curvature
http://www.cheyennezjphotographer.com/photography/lenses-2/
http://www.microscopyu.com/tutorials/java/aberrations/curvatureoffield/
32 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Field Curvature
http://www.handprint.com/ASTRO/ae4.html
33 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Notice that with a closed iris the distortion is greatly reduced, however the light gathering power of the lens is also reduced. Under dim fluorescence conditions the decrease in pixel intensity may be unacceptable.
Field Curvature
34 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Distortion
35 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Pincushion Distortion Aberration
36 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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37 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
Pincushion Distortion Aberration
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38 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
Barrel Distortion Aberration
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Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA 39
Distortion
Pincushion distortion aberration
Barrel distortion aberration
http://www.azurephotonics.com/22.files/image010.jpg
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Distortion Aberrations
40 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
Pincushion distortion aberration
Barrel distortion aberration
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Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA 41
Chromatic Aberration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)
http://pages.uoregon.edu/jimbrau/BrauImNew/Chap05/FG05_05.jpg
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Chromatic Aberration Correction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)
42 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Chromatic Aberration
43 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Chromatic Aberration
44 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA
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Chromatic Aberration
45 Prof. Elias N. Glytsis, School of ECE, NTUA