lenape regional high school district · web view1st cervical vertebrae (c1): _____ 2nd cervical...
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Mrs. Smojver: Sports MedicineThe Spine
Spine Anatomy
_______________ _____________: normal alignment
_______________: individual bones of the spine
o 1st Cervical Vertebrae (C1): ___________
o 2nd Cervical Vertebrae (C2): ___________
Atlanto-Occipital Joint
o Synovial Condyloid joint
Allows _______________/_____________ along midline
Limited amount of ________________ flexion
Atlanto-Axial Joint
o ____________ joint allowing right/left rotation
___________: upper spine
o _____ vertebrae
___________: middle spine
o _____ vertebrae
___________: lower spine
o _____ vertebrae
___________
o _____ fused vertebrae
___________: tailbone
Intervertebral Joints (_______ - _______)
o Inferior and superior articular processes of 2 consecutive vertebrae
Lumbosacral Joint (_______ - _______)
o Synovial gliding joint – limited movement
Curvature of the Spine
Normal Curvature
o Either ________________ or _______________
o In a normal spine there are _____ types of curvatures
Abnormal Curvature
o ________________: abnormal thoracic rounding
Mrs. Smojver: Sports Medicineo ________________: abnormal forward lumbar curve
o ________________: abnormal side to side bending
Vertebrae Anatomy
All vertebrae have a body (except __________), Spinous Process, Transverse Process & Vertebral
Foramen (opening for spinal cord)
____________________ ____________: separate vertebrae
o Absorb _____________ & resist compression
o Allows for movement & flexibility
Spine Injuries
Muscle overload or ______________________
Improper lifting technique
Sudden _______________ motions
Poor posture
Direct ___________/compression
Preventing Spine Injuries
Keeping good _________________ strength in supporting muscles
Maintaining proper ______________
Correct lifting technique
Using back supports
Mrs. Smojver: Sports MedicineBrachial Plexus Injuries
Also called “burners” or “stingers”
Network of _____________ exiting cervical spine, run down the shoulder and arm
Caused by _____________________ or outstretched arm
Burning or _________________ sensation with temp, loss of feeling & strength
Muscle Spasms
Usually caused by ___________, overuse or improper lifting
Symptoms include pain, cramping, decreased ______ and tightness
Treatment:
Back Sprain
Usually caused by improper lifting or sudden ______________ motions
Symptoms: localized __________ pain and decreased ROM
Treatment:
Lumbar Back Strain
Improper _______________ or sudden twisting
Symptoms: pain to one side of spine, spasms & increased pain with _________________
Treatment:
Fractures & Dislocations
___________________ fx of body
___________________ fx of spinous or transverse process
Dislocation of vertebrae from column
Caused by direct trauma, compression, fall or severe strain
Symptoms: point tenderness, weakness, ___________, decreased ROM, and possibly _____________
pain
Treatment:
Bulging (herniated) Disk
Disk bulges _________________ putting pressure on nerves causing numbness, tingling and pain
o Most commonly occurs between:
Compression forces soft part of disk through cartilage
Caused by excessive _______________, improper lifting, or sudden twisting
Treatment: