legislative and administrative frameworks for deep sea minerals
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North-South Environmental Law (NSEL)
Beca International Consultants (Beca)6 June 2011
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Who are we?y Robert Makgill North-South Environmental Law (NSEL)
y Environmental lawyer
y
Specialist in governance of natural resources in internationaland sovereign waters
y Advises States, IGOs and private sector interests
y Keith Frentz Beca International Consultants
y Technical Director
y Environmental management specialist
y Policy and strategic advisor
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Why are we here?The lawyer:
y To outline the LOSC framework for mineral resources
y To discuss recent ITLOS Advisory Opiniony To discuss how State legislation should look
The Planner:
y To discuss good environmental practice and managementy To discuss practical implementation of the legislation
y To discuss capacity building, training and the tools needed
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NSELNSEL is a specialist environmental and public law firm.
y Roberts recent work at NSEL includes legal counsel to:
y
IUCN on ITLOS DSM advisory opinion proceedings - 2011y NORI on legislative and admin regime for DSM - 2011
y Local Government NZ on drafting and enactment of Marineand Coastal Area Act 2011 - 2010
y NZ Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment onenvironmental regulation of EEZ - 2010
y IUCN concerning provision under domestic legislation forintegrated coastal management in Fiji - 2009
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LOSC mineral resourcesy Territorial Sea
y 12 nautical miles
y State exclusive competence to regulate access to minerals
y
Continental Shelf & EEZy Submerged prolongation of land territory concerned state
sovereign rights over non-living resources
y 200 n miles zone applies to living and non-living resources
y Non-living resource management not premised on
conservation under LOSCy Minerals can be exploited without regard to sustainability
y Exploitation must adhere to marine protection obligationsPart XII LOSC
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LOSC mineral resourcesy High Seas & Area
y The Area is not subject state jurisdiction
y
Common heritage regime vests resources in internationalcommunity as a whole
y Exploration and exploitation of mineral resources open to allstates
y Establishes regime for administering prospecting, exploration
and exploitation of minerals through ISAy The obligations of States for DSM activities in the Area is set
out in ITLOS AO 2011
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ITLOS advisory opiniony General obligation of due diligence not to cause harm to
the environment beyond national jurisdiction
y
Conduct and not resulty Direct obligations under LOSC
y The Precautionary Approach
y Best Environmental Practice not best available technology
y
Environmental Impact Assessmenty Adopt laws and regulations and to take administrative
measures (i.e. implement, monitor & enforce)
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LOSC - Coastal states to adopt lawsy Part XII - Protection and preservation marine environment
y Exploration and exploitation of minerals will have some levelof effect on ocean-bottom environment e.g. pollution
y Art 208(1) requires coastal states to adopt laws andregulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution to themarine environment from seabed activities in their
jurisdiction (i.e. Territorial Sea, EEZ & Continental Shelf )
y
Must be no less effective than international rules, standardsand recommended practices and procedures
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State legislation should
y Prevent, reduce and control pollution from seabedactivities
y Prevent environmental harm beyond national jurisdiction
y Be no less effective than international lawy Precautionary approach
y Best environmental practice
y EIA
y Monitoring and enforcementy May be activity specific where information is sound
y More reliably effects based where information incomplete
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B
ecaI
nternationalC
onsultantsy New Zealand employee owned
y In the Pacific for over 40 years
y Coastal Infrastructure Management Plans in Samoa
y Shoreline Protection Guidelines in Kiribati
y College of Marshall Islands, RMI
yAtaviu Port, Cook Islands
yTuvalu Ship to Shore project
y Climate Change Adaptation
y Ports, Airports, Roads
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ood Environmental Practice and
Managementy Principles
y Build sustainable communities
y Respect Social and Cultural wellbeings
y Balance the economic benefits/costs
y Strong Environmental Objectivesy Start from a terrestrial base
y Build on existing legislation where it exists
y Build it for your Grandchildren
y Precautionary Approachy Test, Monitor, Review
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Practical Implementationy Working with people on practical solutions
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y Work with the environment not against it
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Capacity Building and Training
y Understanding of what you have
y Understanding of what you needy Identify the gaps
y Plan how to fill the gaps
y Seek support UNDP, NZAid, AusAid, Consultants
y It helps if everyone knows what you are doing and whyyou are doing it training affects everyone.
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What will it mean to you?y How will it assist Pacific Island Communities?
y Socialy Cultural
y Economic
y Environmental