led3dtv's - what they dont tell you instore!

8/8/2019 Led3dtv's - What they dont tell you instore!

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LED-backlight LCD Background and History

LED-backlight LCD television (incorrectly called LED TV by

Samsung Electronics, Panasonic, Toshiba, Philips, LG Electronics,

ProScan, Kogan, Sony and Vizio and not to be confused with trueLED displays) i

s an LCD TV that uses LED backlighting[1][2] rather than cold

cathode fluorescent lights (CCFLs) used in traditional LCD

televisions. This has a dramatic impact resulting in a thinner panel

and less power consumption, brighter display with better contrast

levels. It also generates less heat than regular LCD TVs.

The LEDs can come in three forms: dynamic RGB LEDs which are

positioned behind the panel, white Edge-LEDs positioned around the

rim of the screen which use a special diffusion panel to spread the

light evenly behind the screen (the most common) and full-array

which are arranged behind the screen but they are incapable of

dimming or brightening individually. [3][4]

TV manufacturers can use an LED backlight instead of the standard

Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (LCD-CCFL) used in most LCD

televisions. It is important to distinguish this method of simply

backlighting a conventional LCD panel, from a hypothetical true LED

display, or an Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display. LCD-based televisions described as 'LED TVs' are vastly different from

self-illuminating OLED, OEL or AMOLED display technologies. In

terms of the use of the term 'LED TV' in the UK, the ASA

(Advertising Standards Authority) has made it clear in prior

correspondence that it does not object to the use of the term, but

does require it to be clarified in any advertising. There are several

methods of backlighting an LCD panel using LEDs including the use

of either White or RGB (Red, Green and Blue) LED arrays

positioned behind the panel; and Edge-LED lighting, which uses white

LEDs arranged around the inside frame of the TV along with aspecial light diffusion panel designed to spread the light evenly

behind the LCD panel.

An LED backlight offers several general benefits over regular CCFL

backlight TVs, typically higher brightness. Compared to regular CCFL

backlighting, there may also be benefits to color gamut. However

advancements in CCFL technology mean wide color gamuts and


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lower power consumption are also possible. The principal barrier to

wide use of LED backlighting on LCD televisions is cost.

The variations of LED backlighting do offer different benefits. The

first commercial LED backlit LCD TV was the SonyQualia 005

(introduced in 2004). This featured RGB LED arrays to offer a

color gamut around twice that of a conventional CCFL LCDtelevision (the combined light output from red, green and blue LEDs

produces a more pure white light than is possible with a single white

light LED). RGB LED technology continues to be used on selected

Sony BRAVIA LCD models, with the addition of 'local dimming' which

enables excellent on-screen contrast through selectively turning off

the LEDs behind dark parts of a picture frame.

Edge LED lighting was also first introduced by Sony (September

2008) on the 40 inch BRAVIA KLV-40ZX1M (referred to as the

ZX1 in Europe). The principal benefit of Edge-LED lighting for LCD

televisions is the ability to build thinner housings (the BRAVIA KLV-

40ZX1M is as thin as 9.9mm). Samsung has also introduced a range

of Edge-LED lit LCD televisions with extremely thin housings.

LED-backlit LCD TVs are considered a more sustainable choice,

with a longer life and better energy efficiency than plasmas and

conventional LCD TVs.[10] Unlike CCFL backlights, LEDs also use no

mercury in their manufacture. However, other elements such as

gallium and arsenic are used in the manufacture of the LED emitters

themselves, meaning there is some debate over whether they are a

significantly better long term solution to the problem of TV disposal.

Because LEDs are able to be switched on and off more quickly than

CCFL displays and can offer a higher light output, it is theoreticallypossible to offer very high contrast ratios. They can produce deep

blacks (LEDs off) and a high brightness (LEDs on), however care

should be taken with measurements made from pure black and pure

white outputs, as technologies like Edge-LED lighting do not allow

these outputs to be reproduced simultaneously on -screen.

In September 2009 Nanoco Group announced that it has signed a

joint development agreement with a major Japanese electronics

company under which it will design and develop quantum dots for

LED Backlights in LCD televisions.[11] Quantum dots are valued for

displays, because they emit li ght in very specific gaussiandistributions. This can result in a display that more accurately

renders the colors than the human eye can perceive. Quantum dots

also require very little power since they are not color filtered. In

September 2010, LG Electronics revealed their new product which

claimed as the world's slimmest full LED 3D TV at the IFA consumer

electronics trade show in Berlin.


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The Truth About LED T.V

s

When a pro

uct has become commo

itize

an

its price is regularly

ropping an

its profit margins are getting ever-thinner, how can a

company boost its sales an

raise its prices?

Samsung 8000 Series LED TV

One way is by changing the pro

uct

s name.

That

s what Samsung has

one with its new line of LCD TVs using

LEDs to illuminate the screen. In its print a

vertising an

on its Web

site, Samsung calls the new range simply e LED TVs.f

They are not LED TVs. Calling them such makes as much sense as

calling its existing line of LCD televisions Col

Catho

e Fluorescent

Lamp TVs, or CCFL TVs, after the lighting technology that they

use.

Whatever its vali

ity, Samsung

s

ecision to

rop e LCDf was a

smart marketing move. After all, e LEDf is the acronym

u jour, a

technology that

s all the rage as a new, perhaps revolutionary

lighting source. It

s as emotive a term as e HDTVf an

e

igitalf

were in their hey

ays.

But it

s also confusing consumers. An in

ustry colleague tol

me

that in a recent trip to a big-box retailer, he overhear

severalfrien

s asking what type of TV they were watching. One sai

it

wasn

t LCD or plasma, it was an LED set.

More accurately, it was an expensive LCD set. LED-backlit LCD

TVs can cost as much as twice their stan

ar

LCD or plasma

counterparts. Is the extra money worth it, even if you can affor

it?


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Here are the answers to some questions you may have about LCD

TVs using LED backlighting.

What

s wrong with existing LCD TVs?

Up until now, LCDs use

fluorescent tubes to light the screen. As a

result, LCDs have trouble creating

eep blacks. That

s because

fluorescent tubes are always on, an

some light leaks through tothe front of the

isplay even when a part of the image is suppose

to be black. A lack of

eep blacks re

uces the perceive

sharpness

of the set

s image.

Also, fluorescents lack a wi

e range of colors; hence, color

saturation is limite

.

What

s an LED TV?

It

s an LCD TV that uses LEDs to illuminate the

isplay. There are

two ways to

o this: either by placing LEDs across the entire back

of the

isplay, or by placing LEDs just aroun

the perimeter, which

is calle

an e e

ge litf

isplay. Both techniques use less power

than plasma TVs an

LCD TVs lit with fluorescent tubes.

Which technique is better?

They both have their pros an

cons. LCD TVs using e

ge-lit LCDs

can be ultra-thin, because the LED sources are on the si

e. E

ge-

lit LED-lit LCDs are also less expensive than LCD TVs using LED

backlit technology.

On the other han

, LCD TVs that use LEDs across the rear of the

isplay can create sharply

eeper blacks, through a technique calle

e local

imming.f When a scene calls for a

ark image, the LEDs in

that area can be shut off completely, so no light leaks through

what shoul

look black.So if I want an LED-lit LCD, I shoul

buy one using back-lit

technology?

It

s not so simple. An LED back-lit TV may contain only about

1,000 LEDs. An

those LEDs can only be

imme

in large groups,

because it is too expensive to contro l each LED in

ivi

ually. So

when you shut off or

im a group of LEDs you may also be

arkening part of an a

joining scene on the TV that really shoul

be

bright. If you cut back on the

imming, then the blacks will be less

ark than blacks in another part of the image that are not

surroun

e

by lighter images.Theoretically, you coul

increase the number of LEDs so that each

lit just one pixel on the 2 million pixel LCD screen. But then you

coul

just throw away the LCD screen because you woul

have

actually create

an LED television just like the Walgreens LED

sign in Times Square.

O.K., but still, LCD TVs with LEDs have great contrast

Sometimes they

o. It

epen

s on what you

re watching. As a


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Samsung engineer said to me last week, e the most dramatic effect

of LED-lit TVs happens when the entire scene goes to blackf

not necessarily when youd re watching a scene with a mixture of

light and dark images.

Do LED-lit LCD TVs produce better pictures than plasma TVs?

Interestingly, Id ve heard no one in the industry claim that they do.At best, they say that with LED-lit LCD TVs, plasma no longer has

an edge when it comes to creating deep blacks and saturated

colors. But plasma still has a big edge when it comes to price.

How much more do LED-lit LCD TVs actually cost?

Right now, a lot. But that should change as more companies enter

the market. The list price for Samsungd s 46-inch high-end LED-lit

LCD TV, model UN46B8000, is $3,200. But its larger 50-inch plasma

high-end model, the PN50B860, is $800 cheaper.

Later this year, LG will introduce two new series of LED LCD TVs,

in 42-, 47-, and 55-inch screen sizes; all sets will use backlit LED

technology. Prices have not been announced.

Not surprisingly, Vizio has just broken the LED price barrier. On

Monday, the company announced that beginning this September it

would ship the VF551XVT, a 55-inch LCD model using LED

backlighting. The price: $2,200, or $1,000 less than Samsungd s

smaller 46-inch LED-lit television. It looks like Samsungd s strategy

to make its LED-based LCD TVs a premium product may have a

short life.

3D Tv

3d TV is designed to add real life to your viewing experience. The

days of visiting cinemas with 3d vision specs to specially watch a

film in 3d will become a thing of the past. Panasonic 3d TVs are

leading the way to make your viewing experience much more

enhanced. Panasonic is set to delivering the 3d format on blu ray to

be viewed on plasma TVs.

The arrival of the 3d television technology is causing quite a stir

within the industry, with competitors watching carefully of theprogress that Panasonic is making in the 3D TV market. Others are

looking to follow swiftly. In fact Panasonic is attempting to

encourage other companies to follow the 3D TV standard. To help

the progress of 3D TVs, it has made its technology non

proprietary.

Samsung is also following suit and already has 3d TV models that

are bringing a livelier TV viewing experience to the home. There are


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models that have been demonstrated to show 3d TV content,

irrespective of the 3d standard being present or not. The 2d

content is converted into 3d format on existing blu ray players

made by Samsung to virtual 3d TV quality.

Year 2010 is the year when 3d TV really starts hitting our homes

to enable us to enjoy a much enhanced viewing experienced thatwas unthinkable a few years ago. So say good bye to the cinema

trips and enjoy the 3D TV experience right from the comfort of

your own armchair.

Real-Time 3D TV (Youtube video) is essentially a form of

autostereoscopic display.

Stereoscopy is the most widely accepted method for capturing and

delivering 3D video. It involves capturing stereo pairs in a two-view

setup, with cameras mounted side by side, separated by the same

distance as between a person's pupils. If we imagine projecting an

object point in a scene along the line-of-sight (for each eye, in

turn) to a flat background screen, we may describe the location of

this point mathematically using simple algebra. In rectangular

coordinates with the screen lying in the Y-Z plane (the Z axis

upward and the Y axis to the right) and the viewer centered along

the X axis, we find that the screen coordinates are simply the sum

of two terms, one accounting for perspective and the other for

binocular shift. Perspective modifies the Z and Y coordinates of the

object point by a factor of D/(D-x), while binocular shift

contributes an additional term (to the Y coordinate only) ofs*x/(2*(D-x)), where D is the distance from the selected system

origin to the viewer (right between the eyes), s is the eye

separation (about 7 centimeters), and x is the true x coordinate of

the object point. The binocular shift is positive for the left-eye-

view and negative for the right-eye-view. For very distant object

points, it is obvious that the eyes will be looking along the same line

of sight. For very near objects, the eyes may become excessively

"cross-eyed". However, for scenes in the greater portion of the

field of view, a realistic image is readily achieved by superposition

of the left and right images (using the polarization method orsynchronized shutter-lens method) provided the viewer isn't too

near the screen and the left and right images are correctly

positioned on the screen. Digital technology has largely eliminated

inaccurate superposition that was a common problem during the era

of traditional stereoscopic films.[5][6]

Multi-view capture uses arrays of many cameras to capture a 3D

scene through multiple independent video streams. Plenoptic


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cameras, which capture the light field of a scene, can also be used

to capture multiple views with a single main lens. [7] Depending on the

camera setup, the resulting views can either be displayed on multi-

view displays, or passed for further image processing.

After capture, stereo or multi-view image data can be processed

to extract 2D plus depth information for each view, effectivelycreating a device-independent representation of the original 3D

scene. This data can be used to aid inter-view image compression

or to generate stereoscopic pairs for multiple different view angles

and screen sizes.

2D plus depth processing can be used to recreate 3D scenes even

from a single view and convert legacy film and video material to a

3D look, though a convincing effect is harder to achieve and the

resulting image will likely look like a cardboard miniature.

[edit] TV sets

These TV sets are high-end and generally include Ethernet, USB

player and recorder, Bluetooth and USB Wi-Fi.

[edit] 3D-ready TV sets

3D-ready TV sets are those that can operate in 3D mode (in

addition to regular 2D mode), in conjunction with a set-top-box

and LCD shutter glasses, where the TV tells the glasses which eye

should see the image being exhibited at the moment, creating a

stereoscopic image. These TV sets usually support HDMI 1.4 and a

minimum (input and output) refresh rate of 120 Hz; glasses may be

sold separately.

Panasonic already has several sets in the market (like the

Panasonic Viera TC-P50VT200 which are 3D capable and comeshipped with glasses. It has a retail price of approximately

US$2,500. The Samsung UN46C7000 46-Inch 3D TV can be

purchased for US$2,000.00 or less. There are numerous, relatively

inexpensive models available from a number of manufacturers

already in the summer of 2010.

Mitsubishi and Samsung utilize DLP technology from Texas

Instruments. [8] As of January 2010, Samsung, LG,[9] Toshiba, Sony,

and Panasonic all had plans to introduce 3D capabilities (mostly in

higher-end models) in TVs available sometime in 2010. [10]3D Blu-ray

players went on sale in 2010, and Sky began 3D broadcasts in theUK on 3 April 2010. DirecTV broadcasts began with the 2010 FIFA

World Cup in June 2010.[10] Samsung began selling the UN55C7000,

its first 3D ready TV, late in February 2010.[11]

Philips was developing 3D television sets that would be available for

the consumer market by about 2011 without the need for special

glasses (autostereoscopy).[12] However it was canceled due to the

slow adaptation of customers going from 2D to 3D.


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In August 2010, Toshiba announced plans to bring a range of

autosteroscopic TVs to market by the end of the year. [13]

The Chinese manufacturer TCL Corporation has developed a 42-

inch (110 cm) LCD 3D TV called the TD-42F, which is currently

available in China. This model uses a lenticular system and does not

require any special glasses (autostereoscopy). It currently sells forapproximately $20,000.[14] The biggest problem using lenticular lens

as used also by Philip Dimenco is the sharpness of the display.

Although we use 4K (4 times of Full HD TV), the image we saw was

coarse in appearance due to lenticular lens technology required to

refract the left and right images for each eye, so the technology

used is certainly better suited for non-stationary viewing. The

border around objects in the screen tended to shift quickly and

blur.[15]

LG, Samsung, Sony & Philips intend to increase their 3D TV offering

with plans to make 3D TV sales account for over 50% of their

respective TV distribution offering by 2012. It is expected that the

screens will use a mixture of technologies until there is

standardisation across the industry.[16]. Samsung offers the LED

7000, LCD 750, PDP 7000 TV sets and the Blu-ray 6900.[17]

On June 9, 2010, Panasonic unveiled a 152 inches (390 cm) 3D-

capable TV (the largest so far) that will go on sale within 2010.

The TV, which is the size of about nine 50-inch TVs, will cost more

than 50 million yen (US$576,000).[18]

[edit] Full 3D TV setsFull 3D TV sets include Panasonic Full HD 3D (1920X1080 p, this is,

2 Mp; and 600 Hz). These TVs are expensive.

Toshiba has shown 20 and 12 inch autostereoscopic (this is,

glassesfree) LCD 3D TV sets for commercial launch, with a

1,280X720 resolution. By systematically aligning pixels and adopting

a perpendicular lenticular sheet, Toshibas LCD panel eliminates

blurring, or the vertical wave pattern (caused by interference in

the display cycle) that plagues other autostereoscopic 3-D

technologies. The viewing angle is about 40, doubling the previous

approaches, with.The 12 inch model will sell for roughly $1400.

Standardization efforts

The entertainment industry is expected to adopt a common and

compatible standard for 3D in home electronics. To present faster

frame rate in high definition to avoid judder, enhancing 3-D film,

televisions and broadcasting, other unresolved standards are the


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type of 3D glasses (passive or active), including bandwidth

considerations, subtitles, recording format and a Blu-ray standard.

With improvements in digital technology, in the late 2000s, 3D

movies have become more practical to produce and display, putting

competitive pressure behind the creation of 3D television standards.

There are several techniques for Stereoscopic Video Coding, andstereoscopic distribution formatting including anaglyph, quincunx, and

2D plus Delta.

Content providers, such as Disney, DreamWorks, and other

Hollywood studios, and technology developers, such as Philips,

asked[when?]SMPTE for the development of a 3DTV standard in

order to avoid a battle of formats and to guarantee consumers

that they will be able to view the 3D content they purchase and to

provide them with 3D home solutions for all pockets. In August

2008, SMPTE established the "3-D Home Display Formats Task

Force" to define the parameters of a stereoscopic 3D mastering

standard for content viewed on any fixed device in the home, no

matter the delivery channel. It explored the standards that need to

be set for 3D content distributed via broadcast, cable, satellite,

packaged media, and the Internet to be played-out on televisions,

computer screens and other tethered displays. After six months,

the committee produced a report to define the issues and

challenges, minimum standards, and evaluation criteria, which the

Society said would serve as a working document for SMPTE 3D

standards efforts to follow. A follow-on effort to draft a

standard for 3D content formats was expected to take another 18

to 30 months.[citation needed]Production studios are developing an increasing number of 3D titles

for the cinema and as many as a dozen companies are actively

working on the core technology behind the product. Many have

technologies available to demonstrate, but no clear road forward

for a mainstream offering has emerged.

Under these circumstances, SMPTE's inaugural meeting was

essentially a call for proposals for 3D television; more than 160

people from 80 companies signed up for this first meeting. Vendors

that presented their respective technologies at the task force

meeting included Sensio,

[19]

Philips, Dynamic Digital Depth(DDD),TDVision[3], and Real D, all of which had 3D distribution

technologies.

However, SMPTE is not the only 3D standards group. Other

organizations such as the Consumer Electronics Association(CEA),

3D@home Consortium, ITU and the Entertainment Technology Center

at USC's School of Cinematic Arts(ETC), have created their own

investigation groups and have already offered to collaborate to


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reach a common solution. The Digital TV Group (DTG), has

committed to profiling a UK standard for 3DTV products and

services. Other standard groups such as DVB, BDA, ARIB, ATSC,

DVD Forum, IEC and others are to be involved in the process.[citation

needed]

MPEG has been researching multi-view, stereoscopic, and 2D plusdepth 3D video coding since the mid-1990s;[20] the first result of

this research is the Multiview Video Coding extension for MPEG-4

AVC that is currently undergoing standardization. MVC has been

chosen by the Blu-ray disc association for 3D distribution. The

format offers backwards compatibility with 2D Blu-ray players.[21]

HDMI version 1.4, released in June 2009, defines a number of 3D

transmission formats. The format "Frame Packing" (left and right

image packed into one video frame with twice the normal

bandwidth) is mandatory for HDMI 1.4 3D devices. All three

resolutions (720p50, 720p60, and 1080p24) have to be supported

by display devices, and at least one of those by playback devices.

Other resolutions and formats are optional.[22] While HDMI 1.4

devices will be capable of transmitting 3D pictures in full 1080p,

HDMI 1.3 does not include such support. As an out-of-spec

solution for the bitrate problem, a 3D image may be displayed at a

lower resolution, like interlaced or at standard definition.

[edit] DVB 3D-TV standard

See also: High-definition television

DVB has established the DVB 3D-TV Specification. The following

3D-TV consumer configurations will be available to the public:[23]

y 3D-TV connected to 3D Blu-ray Player for packaged media.y 3D-TV connected to HD Games Console, e.g. PS3 for 3D

gaming.

y 3D-TV connected to HD STB for broadcast 3D-TV.y 3D-TV receiving a 3D-TV broadcast directly via a built-in

tuner and decoder.

For the two broadcast scenarios above, initial requirements are for

Pay-TV broadcasters to deliver 3D-TV services over existing HD

broadcasting infrastructures, and to use existing receivers (with

firmware upgrade, as required) to deliver 3D content to 3D-TV

sets, via an HDMI or equivalent connection, if needed. This istermed Frame Compatible. There are a range of Frame Compatible

formats. They include the Side by Side (SbS) format, the Top and

Bottom (TaB) format, and others.

D Channels


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As of 2008, 3D programming is broadcast on Japanese cable

channel BS 11 approximately four times per day.[24]

Cablevision launched a 3D version of its MSG channel on March 24,

2010, available only to Cablevision subscribers on channel 1300. [25][26]

The channel is dedicated primarily to sports broadcasts, including

MSG's 3D broadcast of a New York Rangers-New York Islandersgame, limited coverage of the 2010 Masters Tournament, and (in

cooperation with YES Network) a game between the New York

Yankees and Seattle Mariners.[27]

The first Australian program broadcast in high-definition 3D was

Fox Sports coverage of the soccer game Australia-New Zealand on

24 May 2010.[28]

Also in Australia, the Nine Network and Special Broadcasting

Service will be bringing the State of Origin (matches on 26 May, 16

June and 7 July 2010) (Nine) and FIFA World Cup (SBS) in 3D on

Channel 40 respectively. [29]

Earlier this year (2010) Discovery Communications, Imax and Sony

announced plans to launch a 3D TV channel in the US with a planned

launch in early 2011.[30] At the same time, a Russian company

Platform HD and its partners General Satellite and Samsung

Electronics announced about their 3D television project, which

would be the first similar project in Russia.

In Brazil Rede TV! became the first Terrestrial television to

transmit 3D signal freely for all 3D enabled audience on 21 May. But

despite their technology, its programming is still in poor

quality.[31][32][33][34]

Starting on June 11, 2010 ESPN launched a new channel, ESPN 3D,dedicated to 3D sports with up to 85 live events a year in 3D.[35]

On 1 January 2010, the world's first 3D channel, SKY 3D, started

broadcasting nationwide in South Korea by Korea Digital Satellite

Broadcasting. The channel's slogan is "World No.1 3D Channel". This

24/7 channel uses the Side by Side technology at a resolution of

1920x1080i. 3D contents include education, animation, sport,

documentary and performances.[36]

A full 24 hour broadcast channel was announced at the 2010

Consumer Electronics show as a joint venture from IMAX, Sony, and

the Discovery channel.

[37]

The intent is to launch the channel in theUnited States by year end 2010.

DirecTV and Panasonic plan to launch 2 broadcast channels and 1

Video on demand channel with 3D content[38] in June 2010. DirecTV

previewed a live demo of their 3D feed at the Consumer Electronics

Show held January 710, 2010.[39]

In Europe, British Sky Broadcasting (Sky) launched a limited 3D TV

broadcast service on April 3, 2010. Transmitting from the Astra2A


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satellite at 28.2 east, Sky 3D broadcast a selection of live UK

Premier League football matches to over 1000 British pubs and

clubs equipped with a Sky+HD Digibox and 3D Ready TVs, and

preview programmes provided for free to top-tier Sky HD

subscribers with 3D TV equipment. This was later expended to

include a selection of films, sports, and entertainment programminglaunched to Sky subscribers on 1 October 2010. [40]

On September 28, 2010, Virgin Media launched a 3D TV on Demand

service,[41]

Several other European pay-TV networks are also planning 3D TV

channels[42] and some have started test transmissions on other

Astra satellites, including French pay-TV operator Canal+ which

has announced its first 3D channel is to be launched in December

2010. Also the Spanish Canal+ has started the first broadcastings

on May 18, 2010 and included 2010 FIFA World Cup matches in the

new Canal+ 3D channel. [43] Satellite operator SES Astra started a

free-to-air 3D demonstration channel on the Astra satellite at

23.5 east on May 4, 2010 for the opening of the 2010 ANGA

Cable international trade fair[44] using 3D programming supplied by

3D Ready TV manufacturer Samsung under an agreement between

Astra and Samsung to co-promote 3D TV.[45]

[edit] 3D episodes and shows

There have been several notable examples in television where 3D

episodes have been produced, typically as one hour specials or

special events.

The first-ever 3D broadcast in the UK was an episode of the

weekly science magazine The Real World, made by Television Southand screened only in the south-east region of the UK in February

1982. The programme included excerpts of test footage shot by

Phillips in the Netherlands. Red/green 3D glasses were given away

free with copies of the TV Times listings magazine, but the 3D

sections of the programme were shown in monochrome. The

experiment was repeated nationally in December 1982, with red/blue

glasses allowing colour 3D to be shown for the first time. The

programme was repeated the following weekend followed by a rare

screening of the Western Fort Ti starring George Montgomery and

Joan Vohs.The sitcom 3rd Rock From The Sun two-part episode "Nightmare

On Dick Street", where several of the characters' dreams are

shown in 3D. The episode cued its viewers to put on their 3D

glasses by including "3D on" and "3D off" icons in the corner of the

screen as a way to alert them as to when the 3D sequences would

start and finish. The episode used the Pulfrich 3D technique.


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Recent uses of 3D in television include the drama Medium and the

comedy Chuck. The show Arrested Development briefly used 3D in

an episode.

Channel 4 in the UK ran a short season of 3D programming in

November 2009 including Derren Brown and The Queen in 3D.[46]

On 31 January 2010, BSKYB became the first broadcaster in theworld to show a live sports event in 3D when Sky Sports screened

a football match between Manchester United and Arsenal to a public

audience in several selected pubs. [47]

The 2010 52nd Grammy Awards featured a Michael Jackson Tribute

Sequence in 3D, using anaglyph format.

In April 2010, the Masters Tournament was broadcast in live 3D on

DirecTV, Comcast, and Cox.

On 29 May 2010, Sky broadcasts Guinness Premiership Final in 3D in

selected pubs and clubs. [48]

Fox Sports broadcasts the first program in 3D in Australia when

the Socceroos played The New Zealand All Whites at the MCG on

May 24, 2010

The Nine Network broadcasts the first Free-to-air 3D telecast

when the Queensland Maroons faced the New South Wales Blues at

ANZ Stadium on May 26, 2010.

The Roland Garros tennis tournament in Paris, from May 23 to June

6, 2010, was filmed in 3D (center court only) and broadcast live via

ADSL and fiber to Orange subscribers throughout France in a

dedicated Orange TV channel.[49]

25 matches in the FIFA World Cup 2010 were broadcast in 3D.

The Inauguration of Philippine President Noynoy Aquino on June 30,2010 was the first presidential inauguration to telecast in live 3D

by GMA Network. However, the telecast was only available in

select places.

The 2010 Coke Zero 400 will be broadcast in 3D on July 3 on

NASCAR.com and DirecTV along with Comcast, Time Warner, and

Bright House cable systems.

The 2010 AFL Grand Final will be broadcast in 3D from the Seven

Network.

Avi Arad is currently developing a 3D Pacman TV Show.

Satellite delivered Bell TV in Canada began to offer a full timepay-TV, 3D channel to its subscribers on 27 July 2010. In

September 2010, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's first 3D

broadcast will be a special about the Canadian monarch, Queen

Elizabeth II, and will include 3-D film footage of the Queen's 1953

coronation as well as 3D video of her 2010 tour of Canada. This

will mark the first time the historical 3D images have been seen


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anywhere on television as well as the first broadcast of a Canadian

produced 3D programme in Canada.[50]

The 2010 PGA Championship was broadcast in 3D for four hours on

August 13, 2010, from 37 pm EDT. The broadcast was available

on DirecTV, Comcast, Time Warner Cable, Bright House Networks,

Cox Communications, and Cablevision.[51]

FioS and the NFL partnered to broadcast the September 2, 2010,

pre-season game between the New England Patriots and the New

York Giants in 3D. The game was only broadcasted in 3D in the

northeast.[52]

Singapore based Tiny Island Productions is currently producing

Dream Defenders, which will be available in both autostereoscopic

and stereoscopic 3D formats [53].

Rachael Ray (TV series) aired a 3D Halloween Bash on October 29,

2010.

[edit] Health effects

Some viewers have complained of headaches and visual problems

after watching 3D TV and films. There have been several warnings,

especially for children.[54]

liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic visual display

that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs).

LCs do not emit light directly.

They are used in a wide range of applications including: computer

monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays,

signage, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as videoplayers, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and

telephones. LCDs have displaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in

most applications. They are usually more compact, lightweight,

portable, less expensive, more reliable, and easier on the eyes. [citation

needed] They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT

and plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they

cannot suffer image burn-in.

LCDs are more energy efficient and offer safer disposal than

CRTs. Its low electrical power consumption enables it to be used in

battery-powered electronic equipment. It is an electronically-modulated optical device made up of any number of pixels filled with

liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or

reflector to produce images in colour or monochrome. The earliest

discovery leading to the development of LCD technology, the

discovery of liquid crystals, dates from 1888.[1] By 2008, worldwide

sales of televisions with LCD screens had surpassed the sale of

CRT units.


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Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules

aligned between two transparentelectrodes, and two polarizing

filters, the axes of transmission of which are (in most of the

cases) perpendicular to each other. With no actual liquid crystal

between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filterwould be blocked by the second (crossed) polarizer. In most of the

cases the liquid crystal has double refraction.[citation needed]

The surface of the electrodes that are in contact with the liquid

crystal material are treated so as to align the liquid crystal

molecules in a particular direction. This treatment typically consists

of a thin polymer layer that is unidirectionally rubbed using, for

example, a cloth. The direction of the liquid crystal alignment is then

defined by the direction of rubbing. Electrodes are made of a

transparent conductor called Indium Tin Oxide (ITO).

Before applying an electric field, the orientation of the liquid

crystal molecules is determined by the alignment at the surfaces of

electrodes. In a twisted nematic device (still the most common liquid

crystal device), the surface alignment directions at the two

electrodes are perpendicular to each other, and so the molecules

arrange themselves in a helical structure, or twist. This reduces the

rotation of the polarization of the incident light, and the device

appears grey. If the applied voltage is large enough, the liquid

crystal molecules in the center of the layer are almost completely

untwisted and the polarization of the incident light is not rotated as

it passes through the liquid crystal layer. This light will then be

mainly polarized perpendicular to the second filter, and thus beblocked and the pixel will appear black. By controlling the voltage

applied across the liquid crystal layer in each pixel, light can be

allowed to pass through in varying amounts thus constituting

different levels of gray. This electric field also controls (reduces)

the double refraction properties of the liquid crystal.[citati

3D gaming

3D gaming is soon set to move way beyond its current limited niche

in the hardcore PC market, with console manufacturers and game

developers increasingly eager to provide us with compelling


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interactive content to play on the slew of new TVs set to hit the

shelves later this spring.

CES 2010 was, in many ways, a festival of 3D television tech, with

pretty much every major TV manufacturer unveiling its latest 3D HD

TV models many of which will see a commercial release later

next month.The runaway successes of movies such as James Cameron's Avatar

and Disney's UP have not only generated a much-welcome renewed

interest in cinema-going, but they will also drive 3D TV sales when

they arrive on Blu-ray later in 2010.

Sky is also launching the world's first 3D television station in April

which will drive consumer adoption further. Just like that imaginary

game of Tetris 3D we dreamed of the other night, the pieces are

starting to fall into place.

But what of 'proper' 3D gaming in our lounges? Are we still stuck

in that annoying catch-22 stalemate position, where publishers

won't invest the extra cash and developers won't go the extra mile

until a proven market (and that all-important return on investment)

is in place?

A brief history of 3D gaming

There have been numerous attempts to take console and handheld

and PC gaming into the third dimension in the last twenty years.

Most have been quickly (and rightly) dismissed by consumers as

little more than cheap headache-inducing gimmickry.

"We didn't worry so much about the past efforts, such as

Nintendo's Virtual Boy or things like that," says Dale H Maunu, an

analyst at 3D and display tech research firm Insight Media.

VIRTUAL BOY: Failed to ignite a 3D gaming revolution in the '90s

"3D gaming is really more recent, in terms of the ability to do

Stereoscopic 3D ("S-3D") gaming. The release of DirectX 8

ushered in the era of a standardized 3D API for MS Windows,

which resulted in game developers and publishers creating more 3D

assets in their games," adds Maunu.

"The move to DirectX 9 provided still more tools for game

developers and is really the minimum requirement for S-3D gaming;

many of the titles that can be played in S-3D were developed forDirectX 9."

Rewinding a couple of years back to 2008, there were already 3D

monitors and systems available from the likes of iZ3D and Zalman

for playing DirectX 9 games in S-3D. "The Zalman system used

drivers from DDD, while iZ3D developed their own," says Maunu,

adding, "the systems worked pretty well, but the drivers generally

needed to be hand-tweaked for each game since there was no


17/24

standard or API for S-3D. Plus, the game developers were not

directly involved in making their games work in S-3D so there was

still quite a bit of variability in the S-3D experience from game-

to-game."

It was really the introduction of Nvidia's 3D Vision tech early in

2009, along with its own S-3D API, that started to put somestandards in place for games developers and games buyers.

"World of Warcraft introduced support for 3D Vision in early 2009,

and Nvidia was able to convince many developers to support S-

3D," says Maunu. And some cracking 3D-optimised PC titles soon

followed including the likes of Left 4 Dead 2, Resident Evil 5,

Batman: Arkham Asylum and, most recently, the game spin-off of

Avatar from Ubisoft.

TechRadar spoke with Patrick Naud, Ubi's Executive Producer of

Avatar, who told us that working on 3D "was a great experience

for our teama any time we can get out there and be one of the

first on a new technology like this, you get a boost of creativity,

and we had a lot of fun coming up with great ways to use the

innovation to make a game that puts the player right into the

environment and action.

"I personally see a lot of potential with combining 3-D with Natal,"

says the Avatar game producer. "These two technologies together

will bring us even more immersive experience to gameplay."

The S-3D Gaming Alliance

Neil Schneider is the Executive Director of the S-3D Gaming

Alliance (S3DGA) - the non-profit and non-proprietary

organisation that is generally considered to be the official voice andstandards body for stereoscopic 3D gaming.

Schneider disagrees with analysts such as Dale Maunu who claims

that S-3D gaming is a recent phenomenon in gaming, telling

TechRadar that, "modern S-3D gaming has been around for a

whopping twelve years!" (The S3DGA has put together its own

potted history of S-3D gaming, and you can see Part 1 and Part 2

of that over on YouTube (Part 3 is currently in the works)).

Schneider also points out that while Nvidia's own 3D marketing

suggests 400 compatible video games, "this is for depth-only

situationsa . [and] once gamers attempt out of screen or pop-outsettings, anomalies become much more prevalent, and this

compatibility list is greatly reduced. Similar results can be expected

from additional driver developers like DDD and iZ3D."

"This is one of the reasons why S3DGA was founded. We want that

400+ game support, and we want it industry-wide."

Schneider also adds that he considers it inappropriate to give all

credit Nvidia for developing S-3D standards. "This is not the case


18/24


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"Game developers on the other hand already have all that

information readily available. In fact we spend a great deal of time

trying to make 3D worlds display well on a 2D screen. To make

games work with 3D TV we already have the depth information

available we just need the means to convey that data to the

new TVs."

ust as new high definition TVs were marketed as 'HD ready',

expect the first wave of 3D-capable sets to wear a '3D Ready'

sticker.

DisplaySearch forecasts that 3D TV shipments will balloon from 0.2

million units in 2009 to 64 million units by 2018, raking in $17 billion

along the way. The revolution will be televised. And those with the

biggest wallets will enjoy it in 3D.

But what does '3D Ready' mean, and what defines a 3D Ready TV?

Samsung's 3D-capable 7000, 8000 and 9000 Series HDTVs, for

example, will include a proprietary 3D processor and emitter. These

are designed to be compatible with multiple 3D standards, including

half/full HD resolution formats and the recently finalised Blu-ray 3D

specification.

y Read: Top 10 3D TVs in the world todayAll of which suggests that the term '3D Ready' is just a catch-all

phrase for a less exciting (but more accurate) one 3D-capable.

3D TV size and refresh rateWhile there seems to be no restrictions in terms of TV size, a 3D

TV needs a minimum refresh rate of 120Hz (a basic 60Hz displayed

for each eye). The higher the refresh rate, the smoother the 3D

effect. So a 240Hz set will be capable of outputting 120Hz to each

eye.

HDMI 1.4 will also be required for full HD per eye viewing.

Until the broadcast industry settles on a standard, any '3D Ready'

badge will need a graphic depicting some fingers firmly crossed.

Blu-ray 3D is the closest that we currently have to an accepted

3D standard. The Blu-ray Disc Association has given the thumbs upto Multiview Video Coding, a variant of the existing high-def

H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec. The world's first 3D Blu-ray disc,

Monsters Vs Aliens, was announced at CES 2010.

Of course, how you view 3D content has also not been set in

stone. Cinemas currently use three different types of 3D glasses

passive polarized glasses, active LCS glasses, and Infitec (Dolby 3 -

D) glasses.


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200 Hz scanning( 4 ow is it mispelt 100Hz?? i never knew such thing

e isted few days ago)

Localdimming shows! Blacks are really BLACK (full stop)

2,000,000 : 1 contrast ratio (?!?!? Though thePQISgreat, These


21/24

guys are going crazy with numbers)

Cons:

This thing is FAT for a LED TV!! But for the Huge label reading

"LED", I would have considered it as another LCD. Absolutely nosize/weight advantage of LEDs. Specs show, it is heavier than LG

JAZZ LCD!!

I observed that, in HD, This panel is brighter than the Sammy (flat

settings), 3D effect is there but defenitely sammy is better. Both

the LEDs have far better PQ than LCDs. (Did not compare with

LCDs other than LG&Sammy).

HD content needs to be played from a HD DVD player..

Sound feels like coming from a old solidaire TV..

The angled view (Which IPS is famous for) is little less when

comparing this LG LCDs. But definety not to worry, Iam talking

about >150" which no one sees in real life..

Sammy..

Pros:

Exteremely ~~THIN~~ I mean wafer thin.. I fear if it will fly away

during the monsoon..

Design is to die for!! Look from the sides and you'll see only the

stand..

Looks gorgeous even when switched off! That is saying a lot.

SHARP Pictures.. Razor sharp is the word!! Not a single pixeldeviation to untrained eyes.

3D POP is there and it is not an illusion. (Background is very well

sperated from the foreground possibly by some post processing. it

is like depth of image in digital camera if you know..) IMO,

Defenitely LED backlighting is not the only reason for it. It must

have got a wonderful 3D engine which they do not put in normal


22/24

LCDs. It is better than LG.

5 KG lighter than LG (~15 vs ~20kg)

Cons:

No local dimming. Blacks are still grey if you notice hard. Can live

with it.

No BT

100 Hz vs 200 Hz of LG (Did not notice as there weren't any "so

much" fast moving demos.

Err Sound.. It is so thin and it must have been hard to fit in a

decent speaker there.. Still Better than LG by a small margin..Other LCDs (like Jazz) win hands down.

Other comparisons:

When in SD mode, there is little to no difference in PQ between the

two. There is this pop and blacker blacks and more contrast which

are noticably different from the normal LCDs. But if SD content is

what we watch daily (which is the case), Samsung felt exteremely

over priced. LG is still better.

Dark scenes with candle light (A demo DVD for plasma actually) is

better than normal LCDs but falls short (by quite a huge margin)

when compared to plasma. Even a very basic plasma which is just

40k played it well..

This is generic to all 16:9 TVs. Both played SD content well in 16:9.

I think I don't have to watch them with the black side bars.

Questions at the end: (For you guys)

1) Why is there still a 20k difference in pricing?

2) I can get a LG 47" LED for a 77k. Given that who will be

interested in Sammy?

3) Should I have a more closer look at plasmas? Till now, I was not

even considering them as knowledge from internet tells me that they

eat electricity, produce heat and have burn in (Meaning I cannot


23/24

watch SD content with side bars).

The store guy's version tells me that they sell plasmas to only

budget concious buyers (Buyers who will turn their backs after the

LCD demo). And that he genuinely feels that LCDs are better. Only

the plasma TV demo DVDs show plasmas as better but theprobablity of encountering such scenes in real life is less and when

we encounter, we might not even notice. Also, the LG LEDs are

real VFM and he would not buy the samsung with even the reduced

price.

What will I buy if given only the above two as choice.

IMO, The sammy has some features missing and slightly better PQ

of HD. SD PQ is almost the same except for a bit of sharpness.

Very very thin and beautiful but 25% costlier. It is 40" compared to

42" of LG.

Weighing the above I'd definetely go for the LG.

I would also have a second look at the plasma (dont remember.. LG

model.. PQ30 I think) more carefully before deciding anything. It is

27k cheaper than the cheapest LED and has comparable picture

quality and features..

3D PORN

's done. Game on, broheim, because 3D is here to stay. The first 3D porn full feature film made for

modern stereoscopic TVsthose that use shutter eyeglasseshas arrived. It's called Kama-Sutra, and

even Woody Allen will like it.That's what Allen said at the last Ca nnes Film Festival: "[I like 3D movies because] three-dimensional

women look a lot better. I don't see it in my movies, but for Playboy it will be perfect." Legendary

european porn producer Mark Dorcel agrees. That's why he made the first 3D porn film to prove it.

Called Kama-sutra, it stars Brigitte Lahaie. Dorcel thinks that not all porn will be 3D, however. Some

people will like it, others will prefer good old 2D. Being a fan of 8mm porn from the 60s, I agree.The new movie is more Avatarthan Alice in Wonderland. It doesn't include women painted in blue

thankfully-but it uses actual 3D cameras and not2D-to-3D post-processingthankfully. [Allocine

(French) and Le Blog Cine (French) via El Mundo (Spanish)]


24/24

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