led lighting retrofit: a case study from lfucg · 2018. 5. 30. · measurement & verification...

LED Lighting Retrofit:A Case Study from LFUCG

James Bush, Energy ManagerLexington-Fayette Urban County Government

March 20, 2018

Outline

Track 1: LED Lighting Retrofit

§ Introduction§ Building Energy Use & Lighting Trends§ Solid State Lighting

Benefits & Potential ImpactObstacles & Considerations

§ LFUCGApproachRetrofit Case Studies

LFUCG - Energy Initiatives


§ Utility Management~$18M in gas/water/elec

§ Project ManagementLFUCG Energy Team

§ Building/Equipment ConsultationEnergy audits & analysis

§ Building Automation ControlsHVAC monitoring

§ Energy Improvement FundInternal revolving-loan

Commercial Energy Use (2012)


(36% in 2003)

(21% in 2003)

Quiz 1

What are the residentialproportions for

HeatingCooling

Hot Water


Residential Energy Use (2009)


Commercial Trends, 2012 vs 2003


Lighting

Heating

More CFL’s…LED’s just beginning


Potential !!!

More Linear T8’s


T12’sT8’s

Government Drivers


§ Energy Policy Act 2005Energy Efficiency StandardsTax Incentives

§ Energy Independence & Security Act 2007Building / Lighting Efficiency Standards“Light Bulb Law”

2012 ≠ incandescent2020 ≠ halogen

Commercial Electricity Use


Benefits of LED

(why solid state lighting?)


Benefits of LEDs


Long Life, Lower Costs


*

* Useful life often defined by L70 rating; not failure of LED

High Cycling, Low Heat, No Hg


Control Strategies


Efficacy Projections


Quiz 2

What is the efficacy(lumen per watt) for

CFL’sIncandescent / Halogen’s


Efficacy Projections


DOE Target = 255(190 for OLEDs)

CFLInc/Hal

Potential Impact


Perspective


4.5 quads(395 TWh) =

Obstacles to LED


Purchase Cost


Cheapest LEDPrice $1.75 $7.00Watts 72 14Lumens 1,490 1,500Life Hours 1,000 10,000

“100 watt” equivalent

Purchase Cost


DOE Program Goals


Recent bid by LFUCG

Today 125 lm/W @ 4000K, 5000 lm, $80

Compatibility


§ Physical dimensions§ Physical appearance§ Light distribution patterns§ Not truly ‘equivalent’ (lumens, color,…)

Ballast Issue


§ UL Type AIntegrated LED driverPlug & play with existing ballast (current limiting)

§ UL Type BIntegrate LED driverDirect wiring to mains (in-line fuse recommended)

§ UL Type CRemote LED driverLow voltage to socket pinsBest dimming options

Dimming


§ Legacy dimmers madefor resistive lighting

§ LEDs are nonlinearand unidirectional

§ Translation: best tocontrol current

§ Compatibility:Dimmer, andDriver, andQuantity & Type of lights

Dimming – Who Cares about Flicker?


§ Anyone responsible for human health, well-being and/or performance in spaces with electric lighting

§ At-risk populations for specific impairments • Photosensitive epileptics: 1 in 4000 • Migraine sufferers • Not all at-risk populations identified

§ Young people § Autistic people

Quiz 3

Is there a white LED?

True / False


Quiz 3

Is there a white LED?

Unlike incandescent lamps, LEDs are not inherently white light sources


Color Stability


2014 Nobel Prize in Physics was for invention of efficient blue LED

Color Stability


Emerging Technologies


#

Better…• Price• Brightness• Color• Longevity• Control• Integration

Considerations


§ Specificationsshape, distribution, color,lumens, power, hours, control, …

§ Certifications

DesignLights ConsortiumQualified Products Listing (QPL)

LFUCGApproach & Case Studies


New Construction (2014)


Hybrid approach – T8s low ceilings, LED highbay

New Construction (2015)


All solid state lighting

24/7 Facility

Retrofit (2014)


ESPC project at Fayette County Detention Center

LED pushed “bundled” project beyond 10 year target

…but LFUCG opted for LEDs (UL Type B)

Key Drivers: 24/7 facility, labor savings, demand reduction

Price Contracts


§ Late 2015LFUCG solicits bids for high volume2x2 and 2x4 lay-in LED fixtures

§ Early 2017Price contract expanded to 66 items

§ Early 2018Expanded with an additional 38 items

Guiding Principles§ Utility / Energy Savings§ Deferred Maintenance§ Improve Safety§ Standardize Equipment & Light Levels


Light Power - Light LevelsInternational Energy Conservation Code• Lighting Power Densities (W/ft2)• Lighting Controls

Manual, Automatic, Sensor, Daylighting

Illuminating Engineering Society• Footcandle Recommendations• Design Guides• Application Best Practices


Carver14 x 2-lamp T12’s• 1120 W• 30 fc• Switched

6 LED strip lights• 252 W• 50 fc• Motion sensor

(fade to off)


Gov Center Lobby


Initial foot candles 6% higherNow 31,000+ hours of use(1 bulb failure)

Fixture Layout


§ Often reduce fixture count by 20% or more§ Include motion/dimming options§ Improve color/lumens for work task

BEFORE AFTER

Retrofit Tool Worksheet§ Detailed lighting survey§ Fixture-level analysis§ Standard comparison


Measurement & Verification


§ Circuit-level measurement§ Load reduction less than expected (~16 vs 22 kW)§ Significant number of old lights not functioning

24-hourLoad Profile

(average watts)

Station #21


§ Whole-building analysis§ 80% of expectation§ Reasons: burn hours, non-functioning lights, field adjustments

Station #22


§ Whole-building analysis§ 93% of expectation

FY17 LED Retrofits§ Fleet Services§ Woodland Tennis Courts§ Coroner Office§ Day Treatment Gymnasium§ Lakeside Maintenance Shop§ Waste Management Parking§ Fire Training Center§ Government Center Garage§ OAC Building


EIF Investment:$204,404

Estimated Cost Avoidance:$27,680 /yr

Estimated Energy Avoidance:328,423 kWh /yr

Questions?

led lighting retrofit: a case study from lfucg · 2018. 5. 30. · measurement & verification...

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