led lighting: energy and beyond led lighting: energy and beyond

For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 1

October 8, 2016

LED Lighting: Energy and Beyond

LED Lighting: Energy and Beyond

Jon Zelinsky, P.E. and Dan Blitzer, LC, FIESPhilips Lighting

This session is eligible for 2 Continuing Education and 2 Contact Hours.

For these hours to appear on your certificate, you must:– Have your badge scanned at the door– Attend 90% of this presentation– Fill out the online evaluation for this session

1


October 8, 2016

Lighting Drives Business Development

Lighting as a catalyst for developing new business

• Energy savings in terms of demand and consumption

• Elevate your expertise with your customer

• Making yourself relevant and forward looking

• Manage risk for your customer and your business

2

Lighting Drives Innovation

• Smarter office, improved decision making, better working environment for your customers

• Drive business model innovation for you and your customers

3


October 8, 2016

Changing How Your Customers See You With Light

4

Overview

• Introduction

• What lighting costs

• What lighting does . . . and can do

• Benchmarking LED systems

• Integrating lighting controls

• What lighting can do for you

5


October 8, 2016

6

Energy and BeyondEnergy and Beyond

What Lighting CostsConstruction Perspective

7

Design

Material

Labor

Logistics

Modifications

Profit


October 8, 2016

8

Material

Labor

Energy

Disposal

What Lighting CostsOperating Perspective

The Environmental Footprint

9

InstantFit LED T8 System

29W*105 LPW

50000 hrs RAL0.0 mg Hg

Best Practice Today

High Performance T8 System

38W*100 LPW

36000 hrs RAL1.7 mg Hg

Good Five Years Ago

Typical ElectronicT8 System

51W*82 LPW

24000 hrs RAL6-8 mg Hg

Good Ten Years Ago

Typical Magnetic T12 System

72W*65 LPW

25000 hrs RAL9 mg Hg

Twenty Years Ago


October 8, 2016

The Total Cost of Ownership

10

Based on a 2‐lamp systemoperating 24/7 for 12 yearselectricity cost of $.11 per KWHplanned maintenance

InstantFit LEDT8 System

$596

High Performance T8 System

$662

Older ElectronicT8 System

$848

Typical Magnetic T12 System

$947

Analyzing TCOO

11

ENERGY 66%

MATERIAL 19%

LABOR 14%

DISPOSAL 1%

TCOO MagT12

Old T8

HPT8

LEDT8

Material 3% 14% 19% 32%

Electricity 88% 69% 66% 56%

Labor 8% 16% 14% 11%

Disposal 1% 1% 1% <1%

TCOO $947 $848 $662 $596


October 8, 2016

What Lighting Does

12

Productivity

Image

Well‐being

Safety

Lighting for Visual Performance

13

Illumination

Comfort

Stimulation


October 8, 2016

Lighting for Emotional Response

14

Image

AtmosphereSomething New

Lighting for Circadian Response

15

Alertness

Energy Sleep/Wake

Relaxation

HealthcareEducation


October 8, 2016

Lighting for Information

16

The Edge Building

Asset Management

Fully Connected

Granular Control

User Experience

The Opportunity

Do more for your customer, build relationships, distinguish yourself

17

Lighting quality

Maximum energy savings

Lighting beyond illumination


October 8, 2016

18

Benchmarking LED Systems

The Key Issues

19

Light output and efficacy

Color and consistencyLife and reliability

Control


October 8, 2016

Changing the Photometry Rules

20

LED Luminaire

FLR Luminaire

Absolute for LEDMeasures luminaire outputMeasures power inputCalculates efficacy (LPW)Efficiency is not used

Relative for ConventionalMeasures lamp outputMeasures luminaire outputCalculates efficiency (%)Efficacy: source LPW x efficiency

Integrating SphereGoniophotometer

Light Output and Efficacy

21

LED Luminaire

FLR Luminaire

Luminaire output: 4200 lumens

Input power: 38 watts

Luminaire efficacy: 110 LPW

Equal light output

32% less power

47% higher efficacy

Lamp lumens: 2800 (2)

Ballast Factor: .88

Fixture Efficiency: 85%

Luminaire output: 4188 lumens

Input Power: 56 watts

Luminaire efficacy: 75 LPW


October 8, 2016

FLR Soft Light LED Soft LightFLR Parabolic

Lumen

s

Lumen

sLumen

s

3000 Luminaire Lumen

s 7000

Louver

Basket

Diffuser

Diffuser

50 LPW Luminaire Efficacy 120 LPW

Light Output and Efficacy

22

Efficacy in Typical LED Luminaires

23

Linear Low Bay125‐150 LPW

High Bay90‐130 LPW

Site & Area100‐125 LPW

Downlight80‐110 LPW

Troffer110‐135 LPW

Pendant100‐130 LPW


October 8, 2016

Replacing IncandescentLumens, not watts!

24

800 lumen A Lamps

60W 13W 13W12W10W9W

650 lumen BR30 Lamps

65W 16W13W10W9W

Savings

85%

Replacing HalogenLumens and Intensity, not watts!

25

3200 lumen PAR38 FL 2100 lumen MR16 NFL

250W 32W 50W 7W

Savings

86%


October 8, 2016

Replacing FluorescentSavings depend on the luminaire

26

3‐F32T8/741.88 IS EB90 System Watts

3‐LEDT8/840.88 IS EB54 System Watts

Savings

40%

What is Life?

27

Rated Average Life

Criteria and methods

They are not all the same


October 8, 2016

Failure in Conventional Lamps

28

Filament evaporates from heat and breaks

Starting emission material sputters off cathode

Inside an LED

29

No fragile parts! Lumen depreciation


October 8, 2016

Failure Points in an LED System

30

LED Array

Driver

Optics

Connections

Predicting Lumen Maintenance

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100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

1,000

6000 hrsMinimum test period

10,000 100,000

Reported TM 21L85 @ 60,000 Hrs

CalculatedL70 @ 105,000 hrs

Hours

Luminous Flux

Tj @ 63CTj @ 74C

Smoothed test points

Extrapolated curve

Chip data is correlatedto expected luminaire temperature

Data are illustrative only

Reported TM 21L70 @ 20,000 Hrs


October 8, 2016

Lumen Maintenance @ 50,000 Hrs.

32

General Area Recessed and Pendant Luminaires Recognized by NGL 2014‐15

.70‐.80

80‐.88

> .95

17%

24%

12%

.88‐.95

47%

33

Non‐replaceable components Replaceable components

Separate components


October 8, 2016

Driver Life

34

High quality replaceable drivers are typically rated at 50,000 hours (within temperature limits)

Life depends on the number and durability of all of these components and connections!

Everything varies!

35


October 8, 2016

Everything Varies

36

Standard or Normal distribution

Life (hours)

Quantity Average value

MEDIAN

MEAN

Risk Factors

37

TemperatureOver‐voltage operation

Frequent Starting


October 8, 2016

Life Ratings of Some Typical Products

38

1‐5000 hrs

6‐12000 hrs

12‐16000 hrs

20‐60000 hrs

40‐50000 hrs

15‐50000 hrs

40‐80000 hrs

Ratings vary by type

The Color in White LED’s

White LED’s use phosphor conversion

Energy from the blue LED “pump” shifts in wavelength

Blue pump + converted light = white

39

Cool White 4000K Warm White 3000K


October 8, 2016

Color Temperature

Color Temperature expresses the “tone” of whiteness, from warm to cool

40

CCT = 30152200

6500

2700

3000

5000

Tight binning within 3 MacAdam Ellipses

ANSI Bins include 7 MacAdam

Ellipses

Advanced LED chip

Color Consistency

41


October 8, 2016

CRI rates a light source on 8 color samples against a reference of the same CCT.CRI of 100 (maximum) means a perfect match with the reference source.

Test source 3000K LED

ReferenceBBR 3000K

Color Rendering Index

42

LED vs. Incandescent

43

Tone . . . Yes

Color . . . Not exactly

Beam . . . Not exactly

That depends . . .Which LED’sApplicationObject colorsDimming

Do they “match”? Will you “like” LED?


October 8, 2016

LED vs. Fluorescent

44

Tone . . . Yes

Color . . . Not exactly

Beam . . . Not exactly

That depends . . .Which LED’sApplicationObject colorsDimming

Do they “match”? Will you “like” LED?

45

Integrating Controls


October 8, 2016

Drivers for Controls

46

You have to: codes require controls

It pays to: controls reduce energy cost

You want to: adjust lighting to improve HABI

BUILDING STANDARDS

TITLE 24

Codes and Controls

47

90.1‐1999

90.1‐2001

90.1‐2004

90.1‐2007

90.1‐2010

ExteriorSetback

ExteriorSetback

AutomaticDaylight

AutomaticDaylight

Light Reduction

Light Reduction

Vacancy Sensor

Vacancy Sensor

Exterior Photocell

Exterior Photocell

OccupancySensor

OccupancySensor

SpaceControl

Space Control

Auto Shut Off

Auto Shut Off


October 8, 2016

Energy Code AdoptionFrom Building Codes Assistance Project (1‐1‐2015)

48

90.1‐2013 (2)90.1‐2010 (16)90.1‐2007 (24)90.1‐2004 (13)No current code (11)

Controls and Standard 90.1

• Automatic Shut Off– Occupancy, Time‐Schedule, or Signal– Zones < 25000 SF or one floor

• Space Control– Manual‐On (Vacancy) sensors in selected spaces– Light reduction setting between 30‐70% of full (exceptions)– Zoned < 2500 SF (Spaces up to 10,000 SF) – Hotel/motel must be controlled at entry

• Daylighting Control– Top lighting and side lighting (retail exempt)– Multi‐level 50‐70% and < 35% (including OFF)

• ILPA increases for additional controls

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October 8, 2016

Mood & Atmosphere Task Tuning Energy Saving

Multi‐scene dimmingColor Tuning

Visual Light CommunicationTwo‐Way Data

Multi‐scene dimmingIndividual dimming

Occupancy‐basedTime‐basedMulti‐levelDaylight harvestingLumen maintenanceLoad shedding

Objectives and Strategies

50

Beyond Illumination

Control Narrative

51

Control Method• Manual

• Automatic

• Overrides

Connectivity• Stand alone

• Independent network

• Connected network

MethodEffect

Manual Automatic

On/Off Switch Occupancy Sensor

Variable Dimmer Daylight Harvesting

Control Effect• On/Off• Variable


October 8, 2016

Dimming LED Lamps

52

AC Power is theDimming Signal to the driver

DC power for reduced output

to LED’s

Dimmer Driver LED Array

60%

Pulse Width Modulation controls voltage to the LED reducing output

40%

Incandescent or “Forward Phase” dimmer. High inrush current at each cycle affects electronics

Electronic Low Voltage (ELV) or “Reverse Phase dimmer.Low inrush current favors electronics

Dimming LED Luminaires

53

AC PowerDC power for reduced output

to LED’sDimmer

with on/off control

Driver LED Array

Control signal0‐10VDALIDMX

60%

Pulse Width Modulation controls voltage to the LED reducing output

40%


October 8, 2016

Dimming Fluorescent

54

Ballast reduces the arc current to reduce UV emission and light output

Ballast maintains filament current to prevent emitter depletion and maintain lamp life

Control Protocols

55

Protocol Typical Application Strengths/Weaknesses

Phase control Retrofit lamps and residential luminaires

+ Convenience‐ Compatibility/performance

Powerline Retrofit of switched loads + Convenience‐ Limited options

0‐10V Standard for LED driversWall box or panel systems

+ Familiarity, material cost‐ Installation cost, performance

DALI Basic digital for architecturalcontrol

+ Easy to reconfigure, less labor‐ Higher material cost than 0‐10V

DMX Basic digital for entertainment applications

+ Fast response, multiple channels‐ Not yet widely used in architecture


October 8, 2016

Stand Alone ControlSimple presence detection

56

Load

SensorSwitch/Relay

Wall boxSensor/Power Pack

Wireless

Auto ON Auto OFF

“Occupancy”

Manual ONAuto OFF“Vacancy” Passive Infrared (PIR)

UltrasonicMultiple Technology

Daylight sensor

Multi‐element

lens

IR detector

Relay

IC chip

Control board

PIR requires line of sightThey are small and economical

Gateways

Manager

Apps

Dashboard

BMS

Fully Networked System

57

Cabinet Load Controllers

Network interfaceSensorsKeypads/Screen

Network protocol

Lighting Loads

Control protocol


October 8, 2016

The Gap in Control Applications

58

Private OfficesStand‐alone controlsVacancy with Photocell

Conference RoomsMulti‐scene systemsZones and interfaces

Open OfficesLargely ON all the time todayWhy is so much space uncontrolled?

LIMITED SAVINGSZoned sensors leave all lights on when a little space is occupied

COSTLYDesign, equipment, wiring, commissioning reduce the ROI

DAYLIGHT DIFFICULTYDelivering promised performance has been disappointing

DISCOMFORTFixture sensors pop on and off; occupants work in a pool of light

The Challenge in Open Offices

59


October 8, 2016

Integrated, Smart Control Schematic

60

Controller with wireless connection

Smart controller with pre‐programmed, application‐specific algorithmic performance

Individual, embedded PIR presence detector and photosensor

Wireless mesh communication

Dimming driver

Automatic Granular Dimming

61

Arrival: the group of luminaires turns on to background level

Work time: as occupants settle down lights dim up to task level

Intermittent vacancy: as workers move away, their lights dim down

End of day: when the group area is entirely empty lights turn off


October 8, 2016

Combined Energy Savings75% is realistic for many applications

62

LED Technology100 + LPW

Reduces power 40‐60%

Wireless ControlsOccupancy + DaylightReduces energy 40‐60%

Combined75% energy savings

Existing Energy Consumption

Tunable White Lighting Three Approaches

63

Incandescent Emulation

Special LED arrays dim intensity and warm the color at the same time, ideal for hospitality applications.

Mainstream

This system controlswarm and cool LEDs

separately for independent control of color and intensity.

High Performance

Four channels (RGBW) and sophisticated

control provide precise color points and special colored‐light effects.


October 8, 2016

Two‐Channel Tunable White

64

Separate control of intensity and color

6500K

2700K

Tunable White Luminaires

65

LED array with addressablewarm and cool emitters

Luminaires with arrays using both warm and cool LEDs, dual drivers and digital control


October 8, 2016

Circadian RhythmLight affects our physiology . . . Independently of the visual system

66

Biological “clock”Sleep/wakeAlertnessImmune systems

Melatonin and Cortisol

67

Melatonin is absent/low during daytime, dim‐light melatonin

onset starts ~9pm and is measured in saliva or blood, its

major metabolite can be measured in morning urine.

Cortisol is the “alertness” hormone, it rises during the day

and falls at night.


October 8, 2016

Tunable White in PracticeDosage and Applications

Dosage Parameters• How much light• Exposure time• When you receive the light during the day• Spectral content up of light

Applications • Sleep regulation• Senior living • Classrooms• Conference areas

68

Enhanced control• Precise color points• BBL tracking• Dynamic color

Four‐Channel Tunable White

69


October 8, 2016

Incandescent Emulation

• Special LED with white and amber chips

• Closer to incandescent than standard LED

• Color and intensity dim together

70

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

0%20%40%60%80%100%

WarmGlow Incandescent

Connected Lighting SystemsDrivers and benefits of two‐way communication

• Workplace flexibility

• Spatial optimization

• System efficiency

• Sustainability

71


October 8, 2016

A digital ceiling

infrastructure as

pathway for

information

Every mobile

phone a personal

service portal,

location based

Indoor positioning

for advanced in

context information

and indoor navigation

Wide range of

sensors to learn

from the indoor

environment

Imagine . . .

72

Personal control of lightVia smartphones to suit users’ tasks and preferences, even in open plan offices

WayfindingLighting system can act as an indoor positioning grid, enabling users to find empty meeting rooms

via an appBuilding usage dataLighting fixtures provide occupancy data that facilitymanager can use to increase energy efficacy

First floor

Second floorGround floor

What Connected Lighting Can Do

73


October 8, 2016

Server lighting

Envision Manager front‐end software

Interfaces (APIs)

RouterGatewayPoE switchLuminairewith sensor

Location

Commissioning

Owned by the tenant / facility managerOwned by property owner/developer

Personal control app (PCA)

Analytics and optimizationFunctional infrastructure

BMS interfaceDynalite

(Hybrid)

Wireless(2016)

Complementary solutions

How it All Connects

74

PoE Downlight

EnvisionGateway

EnvisionManagerPCA

(personal control application)

ActiLume LRI1663 Sensor

PoE Troffer

JACE box (optional)

Router

POE Switch

System Components

75


October 8, 2016

Visible Light Communication

• Communicates data through the light itself

• More accurate positioning using ‘highly granular’ lighting grid

• Office workers control lighting and comfort levels via a smartphone app

76

Visible Light Communication

77


October 8, 2016

What Lighting Can Do for YOUDo more for your customer, build relationships, distinguish yourself

78

Lighting qualityMaximum energy savings

Lighting beyond illumination Business Development

What Lighting Can Do for YOUDo more for your customer, build relationships, distinguish yourself

79

Find the right partner with the expertise to elevate your business that elevates your value to your customer


October 8, 2016

Recap and Questions

• Introduction

• What lighting costs

• What lighting does . . . and can do

• Benchmarking LED systems

• Integrating lighting controls

• What lighting can do for you

• Questions?

80

Thank you

Don’t forget…

• 10:15 ‐ 11:30 am Opening General Session with Doris Kearns Goodwin

• 11:30 am ‐ 5:00 pm NECA Show Hours

Visit us in booth #1301

led lighting: energy and beyond led lighting: energy and beyond

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