lectureplus timberlake1 chapter 2 atoms and elements 2.1 elements and symbols 2.2 periodic table
TRANSCRIPT
LecturePLUS Timberlake 1
Chapter 2
Atoms and Elements
2.1 Elements and Symbols
2.2 Periodic Table
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Elements
Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes
Are the building blocks of matter
112 elements known todayExamples: carbon
goldcalcium
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Symbols of Elements
Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only
Examples:
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium
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Symbols from Latin Names
Element Symbol Latin name
Copper Cu cuprum
Gold Au aurum
Lead Pb plumbum
Mercury Hg hydrargyrum
Potassium K kalium
Silver Ag argentum
Sodium Na natrium
Tin Sn stannum
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% Major Elements in the Body
O 65.0 % K 0.34
C 18.0 S 0.26
H 10.0 Na 0.14
N 3.0 Cl 0.14
Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004
P 1.0 Zn 0.003
Mg 0.50
Trace Elements
As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V
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Learning Check
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) CA
B. Sulfur
1) S 2) Sl 3) Su
C. Iron
1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe
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Solution
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
2) Ca
B. Sulfur
1) S
C. Iron
3) Fe
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Learning Check
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickelB. P
1) potassium 2) phogiston3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver 2) agean 3) gold
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Solution
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
2) nitrogen B. P
3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver
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Periodic Table
The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.
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Physical Properties
The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.
ColorSizeShapeDensityFreezing and Boiling PointsOdor
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Groups of Elements
Vertical columns on the periodic table
Similar physical properties
Similar chemical properties
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Groups on the Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Representative Groups
Group 1 Alkali Metals
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7 Halogens
Group 8 Noble Gases
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Location of Some Groups
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Al mk ea tl ai l s
Alkaline
Halogens
I Gn ae sr et s
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Periods on the Periodic Table
Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8.
Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….
Include representative elements and transition
elements
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Periods on the Periodic Table
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron
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Solution
A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br
B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3
2) magnesium
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Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron
C. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
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Solution
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4
1) Br
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
2) magnesium
C. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
2) N, P, As
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Metals and Nonmetals
Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductileGood conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy lineDull and brittlePoor conductors, good insulators
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Metals and Nonmetals
NONMETALS
METALS
METALS
Transition metals
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Learning Check
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur ____
B. chlorine ____
C. sodium ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____
F. silver ____
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Solution
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur 2
B. chlorine 2
C. sodium 1
D. iron 1
E. carbon 2
F. silver 1
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Learning Check
Select the correct elements:
A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B. Nonmetals in Group VA1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
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Solution
A. Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb
B. Nonmetals in Group 5A2) N, P, As