8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 1/17

REMINDER:

PLEASE TURN OFF  YOUR PHONES 

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 2/17

PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTION:

EMOTION

 E XPRESSION

  Wesley G. Moons, Ph.D.

University of California, Davis

Department of Psychology

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 3/17

FACS

!  Facial Action Coding System

!  F.A.C.S.

! Individual facial muscle actions!  “Action units” (AU)

!  Code for each AU (58)

!  Presence of AU

!  Intensity of AU

!  A (lowest intensity) to E (highest)

!  Specific rules

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 4/17

DEMONSTRATION 

!  1!  2!  4!  5!  6!  7!  9!  10

!  12

!  14

!  15

!  17

!  18!  20

!  21

!  22

!  23

!  26

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 5/17

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 6/17

EMOTION DISPLAYS 

!  Happy

!  Smile AU12 (lip smile)!  Duchenne smile AU12 (lip smile) + AU6 (crow’s feet)

!  Zygomatic major (AU12) & orbicularis oculi (AU6) muscles

!  “Genuine/enjoyment” smile

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 7/17

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 8/17

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 9/17

“TRUE” EXPRESSIONS 

!  Posed vs. Spontaneous

!  Stem from different neural basis

!  Can’t pose all AUs that we do spontaneously

!  Posed expressions tend to be:

!  Posed faster

!  Jagged (i.e., not smooth)

!  Microexpressions

!  Emotions “leak”!  Brief, uncontrollable

!  Can still be VERY visible

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 10/17

“TRUE” EXPRESSIONS 

!  Duping delight!  Pleasure in getting

away with lying

!  No actual research onduping delight

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 11/17

FACS LIMITATIONS ! 

Long training!  Over 500 page manual!  Certification

!  Lengthy coding!  Frame by frame coding

!  1 minute video ! 1 hour of coding

!  Coding issues!  Baseline

!   Visibility of face

!  Irregularities of face

!  Reliability!  Botox

!  Target-less!  Unclear what the emotion trigger is

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 12/17

OTHER EMOTION EXPRESSIONS  

!  Voice

!  Content

!  Speech-content filters

!  Speech disfluencies

!  Touch research

!  Evidence for some widely shared perceptions

!  Emblematic/symbolic/cultural meanings

!  Is handshake gratitude or congratulatory?

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 13/17

 A RGUMENTS FOR UNIVERSALITY  OF 

EXPRESSIONS 

!  Even isolated tribes recognize emotions at highrates of accuracy

!  Zero contact with media or outside world

!  Expressions of congenitally blind

!  Similar AUs across sightedness & culture

! Cultural differences in emotion “triggers”!  Examples: Inuit, Japanese wives

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 14/17

 A RGUMENTS A GAINST UNIVERSALITY  

!  Most emotion recognition research based on posed

faces!  Posed faces may be “prototypical” of the expression

!  Forced choice responses!  “Which emotion out of these?”

!  Some evidence suggests limitations on universalexpression recognition!  Interpretation of expression by context

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 15/17

E VIDENCE FOR MOTIVATIONAL 

INFLUENCES IN RECOGNITION 

!  Within-group recognition

!  Better recognition for “ingroup” members

!  Explained motivationally

!  Rejection

!  Increased recognition of Duchenne vs. non-Duchenne

smile

!  Difficult to claim “automatic” and universal

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 16/17

LIE TO ME 

!  Character Cal Lightman based on Paul Ekman

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture4-expressingemotion 17/17

THE END!