lecture series: ‘agriculture, rural employment and inclusive growth’ camilla toulmin
DESCRIPTION
Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin Director, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED ) Whose Food – Whose Farm? Tuesday 4 October 2011. Whose food, whose farm? SID Lecture, ISS The Hague. Camilla Toulmin, IIED - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’
Camilla Toulmin Director, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)
Whose Food – Whose Farm?
Tuesday 4 October 2011
![Page 2: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Whose food, whose farm?SID Lecture, ISS The Hague
Camilla Toulmin, IIED October 4th 2011
![Page 3: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Land tenure and international investments in agriculture.
A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food
Security and Nutrition
Recommendations to the UN-CFS, Rome October 17-21, 2011
![Page 4: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Drivers of price volatility and food insecurity•Short•Medium•Long term
Recommendations include measures for stocks, trade, speculation, demand, investment in agriculture, price in externalities, promote FS strategies.
![Page 5: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Study Team members and Steering group Chair
![Page 6: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Estimated Inventories of areas involved in large-scale land investment
![Page 8: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Not just land but water too….
![Page 9: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Title
![Page 10: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Early impacts
Huge diversity of investments and context Growing research base, but no definitive answers Growing evidence of inadequate consultation and compensation,
local conflict/resistance, land/resource loss – but few studies have considered investment project as a whole
Risks exacerbated when wider pressures on land taken into account
![Page 11: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Who, why and how?
Multiple interests, domestic, regional, global; long-standing commercial players plus new players
Food, feed, flowers, biofuel, forests…Governments – ministries and agencies
– play a key role
![Page 12: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Domestic investors significant
![Page 13: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Principal drivers
Public policy
Market forces
Environmental pressures
![Page 14: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Public policy measures
Biofuel targets
Food security
Investment promotion
![Page 15: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Market forces
Rising demand and prices for food, feed and fuels
Growing interest in land as investment asset
![Page 16: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Environmental pressures Water scarcity Drought Conservation –
wildlife and landscape
Forestry and carbon markets
![Page 17: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Land tenure systems
Gap between statutory and customary law and practice
Legal pluralism + institutional shoppingBundle of rights – primary/secondary
rights; individual/collectiveVery low coverage documented rightsSlow, high cost, inaccessible processes
![Page 18: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Title
![Page 19: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Nomadic Pastorialists
![Page 20: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Title
![Page 22: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Small and large scale farming
Long-standing debate on economies of scale. Up-downstream supply chain linkages
What evidence of difference in social, gender, environmental performance?
![Page 23: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Sharing value, joint ventures
Joint ventures/co-ownershipContract farmingTenancy/sharecroppingCommunity leases
Mix of ownership, voice, risk, reward
![Page 25: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The main actors involved in international land deals
![Page 26: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Multiple instruments, what power?
High level UN principles based on Human Rights (e.g. Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, Right to Food, Business and Human Rights)
Voluntary Guidelines, PRAI, Roundtables and certification for sustainable palm oil, soy, forestry, biofuels, etc.)
![Page 27: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
National level measures
Land policies and property rights – what recognition customary, collective, unwritten land and water rights?
Environment and social impact assessment – a legal requirement?
Fiscal policy – tax/subsidies on land, farm production, credit, capital equipment
![Page 28: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Recommendations from HLPE
Measures to be undertaken by: Host country Corporate investors Donor governments Home governments of countries where
investor is headquartered Civil society actors UN CFS
![Page 29: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Host country government
Inclusive debate on agricultural pathways and long term choices
Strengthen and respect local rights over land and natural resources, FPIC
Promote smallscale farming, encourage inclusive business models, demand better deals from investors
![Page 30: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Investment contracts
Legal support for better dealsOpen-up contracts for wider scrutinyBetter investment relies on better
contractsWho participates, when and how? Local
vs. national actorsTransparency, monitoring,accountability
![Page 31: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Better corporate practice
Adhere to legal responsibilities re human rights
Follow best practice re FPIC, consultation with local community, and industry guidelines re environmental and social impacts
![Page 32: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Donor governments
Align bilateral and multilateral activitiesFulfil G8 and G20 commitments to
increase funding for agriculture Increase research to sustainable
intensification, agro-ecological methods, bridging the yield gap and building institutions/knowledge/social capital
![Page 33: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Figure 8.1: Actual and agro-ecologically attainable yields for wheat in selected countries. (Source: Bruinsma 2009)
![Page 34: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Investors’ Home Governments
Remind governments of their responsibility to ensure their companies operate to highest standards re human rights and environmental management
Establish mechanism for redress for people in third countries to hold company/investor to account
![Page 35: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Civil society and farmer groups
Support farmer representation in-country, and social movements of rural poor + monitor investment contracts
Open up in-country dialogue, link farmers with parliament, press
Strengthen international info sharing on land acquisition and global campaign strategies
![Page 36: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
UN-Committee on Food Security
Govts should report annually on aligning investment and food security
Govts to abolish biofuel targets and subsidies
Approve VG, and establish observatory for tenrue and right to food
Support regional processes eg. AU-LPIEnsure effective consultation on PRAI
![Page 37: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Figure 4: The Global Banana Bottleneck – from Latin America/Caribbean to the UK
Source: Vorley 2003:51
![Page 39: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Title - Mali
![Page 40: Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’ Camilla Toulmin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/568167ff550346895ddd7c27/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Lecture Series: ‘Agriculture, Rural Employment and Inclusive Growth’
Camilla Toulmin Director, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)
Phil WoodhouseSchool of Environment and Development, University of Manchester
Chair: Max Spoor (ISS)