Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

Volume 191

For further volumes:http://www.springer.com/series/7818

Society of Automotive Engineers of China(SAE-China) • International Federation ofAutomotive Engineering Societies (FISITA)Editors

Proceedings of the FISITA2012 World AutomotiveCongress

Volume 3: Future AutomotivePowertrains (I)

123

EditorsSAE-ChinaBeijingPeople’s Republic of China

FISITALondonUK

ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic)ISBN 978-3-642-33776-5 ISBN 978-3-642-33777-2 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-33777-2Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2012948289

� Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part ofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformation storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are briefexcerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for thepurpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser ofthe work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisionsof the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use mustalways be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at theCopyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exemptfrom the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date ofpublication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility forany errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, withrespect to the material contained herein.

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents

Part I Alternative Fuel and New Engine

Experimentation Investigate of Gasoline Engine EmergencyAlternative Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3F2012-B01-003Lianling Ren, Changfa Liu, Xingwang Wang and Rui Ge

Analytical Assessment of C2–C8 Alcohols as Spark-IgnitionEngine Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15F2012-B01-004Thomas Wallner, Andrew Ickes and Kristina Lawyer

Improvement of the Automotive Spark Ignition Engine Performanceby Supercharging and the Bioethanol Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27F2012-B01-007Constantin Pana, Niculae Negurescu and Alexandru Cernat

Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on the LPGFuelled Diesel Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37F2012-B01-009Niculae Negurescu, Constantin Pana and Alexandru Cernat

The Research Development in Direct Injection Spark-IgnitionNatural Gas Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51F2012-B01-010Jianjun Zheng, Xiaodong Chen, Tiegang Hu and Zhangsong Zhan

v

Experimental Results Using Ammonia Plus Hydrogenin a S.I. Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65F2012-B01-015Stefano Frigo, Roberto Gentili, Giacomo Ricci,Giuseppe Pozzana and Massimiliano Comotti

Dual Fuel H2-Diesel Heavy Duty Truck Engineswith Optimum Speed Power Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77F2012-B01-018Alberto Boretti

Well-to-Wheel Analyses for Energy Consumptionand Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Electric Vehicles UsingVarious Thermal Power Generation Technologies in China . . . . . . . . 101F2012-B01-022Wei Shen and Weijian Han

Effects of Fuel Thermo-Physical Properties on Spray Characteristicsof Biodiesel Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117F2012-B01-023Xinwei Cheng, Harun M. Ismail, Kiat Hoon Ng,Suyin Gan and Tommaso Lucchini

System Design for a Direct-Boost Turbocharged SI EngineUsing a Camshaft Driven Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127F2012-B01-024Christoph Voser, Christopher Onder and Lino Guzzella

Exploring the Potential of Dual Fuel Diesel-CNG Combustionfor Passenger Car Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139F2012-B01-025David Serrano and Lecointe Bertrand

Sustainable Mobility: Lithium, Rare Earth Elements,and Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155F2012-B01-026Timothy J. Wallington, Elisa Alonso, Mark P. Everson,Frank R. Field, Paul G. Gruber, Gregory A. Keoleian,Stephen E. Kesler, Randolph E. Kirchain, Pablo A. Medina,Emily K. Kolinski Morris, Rich Roth and Andrew M. Sherman

vi Contents

Controller Design and Emission Improvement for Lean-BurnCNG Engine Based on UEGO Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167F2012-B01-031Xiaojian Mao, Junhua Song, Du Wang, Junxi Wang,Hangbo Tang and Bin Zhuo

Biogas as a Fuel for City Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179F2012-B01-037Jerzy Merkisz and Wojciech Gis

High-Concentration Ethanol Fuels for Cold Driving Conditions . . . . . 193F2012-B01-040Juhani Laurikko, Nils-Olof Nylund, Jari Suominenand Mika P. A. Anttonen

The Effects of Intake Valve Closing Timing on Engine Performanceand Emissions in a DME Compression Ignition Engineat Low Load Cold Start Condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211F2012-B01-044Jaeheun Kim and Choongsik Bae

Environmental Performance of Diesel Fuels ContainingOxygenated Additive Packages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227F2012-B01-045Miłosław Kozak, Jerzy Merkisz, Piotr Bielaczyc and Andrzej Szczotka

A Study of Dual-Diluted Control Strategy for NG Engine. . . . . . . . . . 239F2012-B01-049Yanchun Chen, Chao Wang, Dongxu Hua and Changbo Fu

Research and Development of Heavy-Duty NG Engineand its Key Technologies of Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251F2012-B01-050Huili Dou, Jun Li, Zhongshu Wang, Xiaocao Yu,Zhongchang Liu and Jingxue Li

Part II Advanced Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Development of CHS Hybrid System for City Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265F2012-B02-006Guangkui Shi, Renguang Wang, Hongtao Chen and Zhiguo Kong

Contents vii

Optimization of an Extended-Range Electric Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275F2012-B02-009Haitao Min, Dongjin Ye and Yuanbin Yu

Driving Intention Identification Method for Hybrid VehiclesBased on Fuzzy Logic Inference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287F2012-B02-015Qingnian Wang, Xianzhi Tang and Lei Sun

The Control Technologies of PMSM for FAW-TMH System. . . . . . . . 299F2012-B02-016Cheng Chang, Huichao Zhao, Xiuhui Dong and Yandong Wen

Modeling and Simulation of Power Train Systemfor Extended-Range Electric Vehicle Using Bond Graphs . . . . . . . . . . 313F2012- B02-017Ke Song and Tong Zhang

Optimization of Hybrid Strategies with Heuristic Algorithmsto Minimize Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . 323F2012-B02-023Michael Planer, Thorsten Krenek, Thomas Lauer, Zahradnik Felix,Bernhard Geringer and Michael Back

Development for Control Strategy of ISG Hybrid Electric VehicleBased on Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333F2012-B02-025Hongtao Peng, Zheng Li, Bin Chen, Jieyu Wu, Zhenglan Zhao,Yuehong Shu and Junjun Lei

Development of New Hybrid Transaxle for Front-WheelDrive (FWD) 2.5-Liter Class Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343F2012-B02-026Kunihiro Kobayashi, Takahisa Yashiro, Hiroshi Takekawaand Kazuhiro Fujita

Key Items for Future Hybrid Applications: Energy Storageand Power Electronics for Micro Hybrids upto Full Hybrids and EVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355F2012-B02-027Peter Willemsen, Feng Ji and Marc Nalbach

viii Contents

Direct-Computation-Based Traction Motor Controlfor Dynamic Performance Improvement in Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . 365F2012-B02-033Xi Zhang and Chengliang Yin

Energy Optimization for the Mild Hybrid Electric Vehiclewith CVT Under Driving Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375F2012-B02-036Yongxia Zheng, Feng Zhao, Yugong Luo and Keqiang Li

Development of Plug-in Hybrid System for Midsize Car . . . . . . . . . . . 387F2012-B02-037Shinichi Matsumoto, Hiroaki Takeuchi and Kenji Itagaki

Study on System Efficiency and Power Flow Optimizationfor Dual-Mode Hybrid Electric Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401F2012-B02-038Lijin Han, Changle Xiang, Weijing Yan, Yun-long Qi and Ran Liu

Development of Commercial Hybrid Vehicle AutomaticTransmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417F2012-B02-040Chiaki Umemura, Kazumi Ogawa, Toshinori Murahashiand Yasutoshi Yamada

A Dynamic Coordinated Control Strategy for Mode-Switchof Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on the Effect Control . . . . . . . . . . . 427F2012-B02-043Na Zhang, Feng Zhao and Yugong Luo

‘Commercial Vehicle Electrification’ Challenges in Dimensioningand Integration in the Entire Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439F2012-B02-054Winter Martin

Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle with a Lithium Iron Phosphate BatteryTraction Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449F2012-B02-062Danut Gabriel Marinescu, Ion Tabacu, Florin Serban, Viorel Nicolae,Stefan Tabacu and Ionel Vieru

Contents ix

Design and Simulation of Air Cooled Battery Thermal ManagementSystem Using Thermoelectric for a Hybrid Electric Bus . . . . . . . . . . . 463F2012-B02-065Vahid Esfahanian, Saber Ahmadi Renani, Hassan Nehzati,Nima Mirkhani, Mohsen Esfahanian, Omid Yaghoobi and Ali Safaei

Analysis of Rotor’s Magnetic Bridge and Yoke Designto EM’s Performance Influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475F2012-B02-069Ming Han, Wenxiang Huang and Pingliang Luo

HyBoost: An Intelligently Electrified Optimised DownsizedGasoline Engine Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483F2012-B02-070Jason King, Matthew Heaney, James Saward, Andrew Fraser,Mark Criddle, Thierry Cheng, Guy Morris and Paul Bloore

Development of B70HEV and B50PHEV Based on Faw-TMHPowertrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497F2012-B02-073Jun Li, Minghui Liu, Dongqin Liu, Ziliang Zhao and Xingwang Yang

The Research of Electromagnetic Fields During Testingof a Hybrid Powerplant and a Hybrid Car Prototype . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509F2012-B02-074Elena Teriaeva

Research on the Efficiency of the Dual-Mode Hybrid Vehicle . . . . . . . 519F2012-B02-075Weijing Yan, Changle Xiang, Lijin Han and Donghao Zhang

Power Transmission Properties of Dry Hybrid V-Beltwith Protuberant Tension Member on Contact Surfacesof Blocks: It’s Effect with Respect to Speed Ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531F2012-B02-076Hirotoshi Kawakami, Kazuya Okubo, Toru Fujii, Hiroyuki Sakanakaand Ryuichi Kido

A Comparative Analysis of Optimization Strategiesfor a Power-Split Powertrain Hybrid Electric Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . 541F2012-B02-077Jackeline Rios and Pierluigi Pisu

x Contents

Part III Plug-in Electric Vehicle

Development of a Compact-Class Range Extended ElectricVehicle Demonstrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553F2012-B03-004Michael Bassett, Jonathan Hall, John Powell, Simon Reader,Marco Warth and Bernd Mahr

Modeling of the Lithium Battery Cell for Plug-In HybridElectric Vehicle Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. . . . . 563F2012-B03-005Hyun-sik Song, Tae-Hoon Kim, Jin-Beom Jeong, Dong-Hyun Shin,Baek-Haeng Lee, Byoung-Hoon Kim and Hoon Heo

On-Board Powerplant Numerical Optimization of InternalCombustion Engines in Series Hybrid-Powertrains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573F2012-B03-007Thorsten Krenek, Thomas Lauer, Bernhard Geringerand Bacher Christopher

Torque-Vectoring Driveline for Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585F2012-B03-009Bernd-Robert Hoehn, Karsten Stahl, Philipp Gwinnerand Ferdinand Wiesbeck

Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Powertrain Design Optimization:Energy Consumption and Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595F2012-B03-012João P. Ribau, João M. C. Sousa and Carla M. Silva

Simulation-Based Energy Flow Study of PurelyElectric-Drive Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615F2012-B03-014Bin Wang, Mian Li, Min Xu and Jianhua Zhou

Design of Auxiliary Electric Driving System in Rear Wheelsof Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631F2012-B03-015Hongzan Xu, Quan Sun, Xufeng Wu, Qiqian Jin, Yi Youand Fuquan Zhao

Study on the Relationship Between EV Cost and Performance . . . . . . 639F2012-B03-018Pupeng Wan, Zhiqiang Du, Qiqian Jin, Yi You and Fuquan Zhao

Contents xi

Hil Validation of Extended-Range Electric Vehicle Control UnitBased on Orthogonal Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647F2012-B03-022Haibo He, Qiqian Jin, Tingting Dong and Fuquan Zhao

Development of a Control System of Hybrid Power System Basedon the XPC Target for Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655F2012-B03-024Yaming Zhang and Rui Xiong

A Study on Effective Thermal-Shock Test Improvementof Battery Packs for PHEVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667F2012-B03-025Byoung-Hoon Kim, Hong-Jong Lee, Jin-Beom Jeong, Baek-Haeng Lee,Dong-Hyun Shin, Hyun-Sik Song, Tae-Hoon Kim and Ji-Yoon Yoo

Challenges in NVH for Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675F2012-B03-029Benjamin Meek, Herman Van der Auwear and Koen De Langhe

Study on New Concept Powertrain for Range-ExtendedElectric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687F2012-B03-032Minghui Liu, Ziliang Zhao, Xingwang Yang, Chuan Li and Guopeng Luo

Parameters Optimization of PHEV Based on Cost-Effectivenessfrom Life Cycle View in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697F2012-B03-037Jiuyu Du, Hewu Wang and Minggao Ouyang

Approach of Gasoline Hybrid Technology for ‘‘95G CO2/KM’’Emissions Regulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705F2012-B03-038Jun Li, Ziliang Zhao, Yihong Zheng, Minghui Liu and Heqi Liang

Part IV Advanced Battery Technology

Study on Drive Battery High Voltage Safety Systemfor Hybrid Electric Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721F2012-B04-002Xingfeng Fu, Sijia Zhou, Yingjun Zheng and Chengjiao Tu

xii Contents

Automaker Energy Storage Needs for Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . 729F2012-B04-005Alvaro Masias, Kent Snyder and Ted Miller

Design of the Experimental Procedures for Analysisof Thermal and Electrical Properties of a PrismaticLiFeYPO4 Battery in a Modified Electric Car . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743F2012-B04-007Chayangkun Sanguanwatana, Chadchai Srisurangkul,Monsak Pimsarn and Shoji Tsushima

Intelligent BMS Solution Using AI and Prognostic SPA . . . . . . . . . . . 755F2012-B04-008Subrahmanyam Sista and Avinash Sista

Thermal Modeling and Effects of Electrode Configurationon Thermal Behaviour of a LifePO4 Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765F2012-B04-013Cheng Ruan, Kun Diao, Huajie Chen, Yan Zhou and Lijun Zhang

Thermal Behavior and Modeling of Lithium-IonCuboid Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779F2012-B04-020Hongjie Wu and Shifei Yuan

Application of Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Systemin the Hybrid Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785F2012-B04-021Huanli Sun, Xiaojuan Pei, Lichao Xu, Hemin Wang,Yi Sheng and Yuanbin Yu

A Lithium-Ion Battery Fractional Order State Space Modeland its Time Domain System Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795F2012-B04-023Hongjie Wu, Shifei Yuan and Chengliang Yin

Optimizing BMS Operating Strategy Based on PreciseSOH Determination of Lithium Ion Battery Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807F2012-B04-024Karsten Mueller, Daniel Tittel, Lars Graube, Zecheng Sun and Feng Luo

Contents xiii

Part V Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle

Novel Concept of Long-Haul Trucks Poweredby Hydrogen Fuel Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823F2012-B05-002Bahman Shabani, John Andrews, Aleksandar Subic and Biddyut Paul

Practical Research on Hydrogen Safety of Fuel Cell Vehicles . . . . . . . 835F2012-B05-004Yong He, Bing Wu, Honghu Wang, Pengcheng Zhao and Yachao Li

Modeling and Analysis of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847F2012-B05-005Mircea Nicolae Glazer, Ioan Mircea Oprean and Marius Valentin Bataus

Optimal Battery Discharging Strategy for a Range ExtendedFuel Cell City Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859F2012-B05-008Liangfei Xu, Minggao Ouyang, Jianqiu Li,Fuyuan Yang and Languang Lu

Part VI Charging Infrastructure and Smart Grid Technology

EV Charging Through Wireless Power Transfer:Analysis of Efficiency Optimization and Technology Trends . . . . . . . . 871F2012-B06-001Heri Rakouth, John Absmeier, Andrew Brown Jr., In-Soo Suh,Miller John M., Randy Sumner and Richard Henderson

Part VII Demonstration of Electric Vehicles in Cities

Development and Performance Evaluation of an ElectricMini Bus Equipped with an Inductive Charging System . . . . . . . . . . . 887F2012-B07-002Thomas Pontefract, Kimiyoshi Kobayashi, Yuto Miyasaka,Kento Tanaka, Yushi Kamiya, Yasuhiro Daishoand Shunsuke Takahashi

The Study of Re-construction Method of EV Business ModelBased on Value Chain Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899F2012-B07-003Qiang Ye and Hewu Wang

xiv Contents

Part VIII Other

Research on Parameter Matching and Fuzzy Logic ControlStrategies of EMT Hybrid Energy Storage System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911F2012-B08-008Changle Xiang, Yanzi Wang, Weida Wang,Lijin Han and Donghao Zhang

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of CO2 Reduction with FutureAutomobile Technologies in the Japanese Automotive Sector . . . . . . . 923F2012-B08-009Shuichi Kanari

The Small-Signal Model Stability Analysis of Full-BridgeBuck Converter with Compensation Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937F2012-B08-014Lin Zhang, Dengmeng Fu and Haoxing Liu

The HV Safety Management Design of Battery Systemin Electric Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951F2012-B08-016Tao Yan, Qi qian Jin and Fuquan Zhao

The Free Piston Stirling Principle as Prime Moverfor Alternant Hydraulic Propulsion Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957F2012-B08-020Horia Abaitancei, Cristi Irimia, Gabriel Carciumaru,Ionut Tudor Soare and Sebastian Radu

Design and Analysis of a Dual Power Supplywith Super-Capacitor for EV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969F2012-B08-021Ye Lu, Fen Liu, Xiaoyu Jia and Xiao Liang

An Electrically Driven Chassis System Conceptfor Sub-Compact Vehicles with IntegratedClose-to-Wheel Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979F2012-B08-022Shih-Jen Yeh, Ingo Albers and Stephan Pollmeyer

Future Commercial Vehicle Powertrains: Contributionsto Sustainable Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987F2012-B08-024Heimo Schreier and Lukas Walter

Contents xv