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Lecture 8

Research Report

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Present factual information about an interesting topic

States and develops a main idea. Brings together information from a variety of

sources Has a beginning, a middle, and an end. Credits sources for ideas, quotations, and

information presented.

GUIDELINES

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Plan

Read the books, take notes

2.Make outline

3.Write first draft

4.Revised draft

5.Shared your draft in a group

6.Revised again

7.Write bibliography

8.Input the report on the computer

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Gathering information for a report involves several steps:

Step 1: List your questions about your topic.

A good list can guide & save you time. Think of it as a shopping list of items that you want to get information about from the library (and other sources)Feel free to update the list as you go along.

How can I find information

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Step 2 Books. These provide information in depth. To

identify books likely to be helpful, look in the card or computer catalog : each entry has a brief description of what is in the book.

Magazine and Newspaper Article These can give detailed information about

very specific aspects of a topic.

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Step 3: Interview experts

An expert in this case is anyone who knows more about your topic than you do. People to interview may include one of your friends, a friend of your parents, your family doctor or school nurse, or a teacher at your school.

How can I take notes Notes are a way of carrying information back

to your desk. They are a written record of the research work you have done.

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You have taken good notes if You can read your own handwriting You have all the information you need

when you start writing You can find any particular note quickly

when you need it. You can rearrange you notes easily if they

get out of order You can identify the source of each note.

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What should I put in my notes?

Your notes will eventually become the backbone of your paper. Therefore , use your own words as much as possible. Also, be exact in quoting other people’s words.

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Make sure you record information accurately and in your own words . you may use incomplete sentences and make up your own abbreviations if you like.

Get quotations right. If you’re planning to quote a writer directly,

record in the source, including punctuation.

Before you start writing, develop a plan for presenting you information. The following two steps can help:

Paraphrase information

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A thesis statement is a sentence about your purpose- what you plan to “show” in your paper. you may revise it for the finished report, but at this stage, it gives you a peg to hang your ideas on.

Middle Use your outline as a guide to structure your

writing, and remember to give credit is due. each time you include a fact or quotation, you’ll need to name your source. Put the relevant key word and page number in parentheses.

Avoid plagiarism.

Write a thesis statement

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Plagiarism means using another writer’s words or ideas as if they are yours. It is a form of stealing and is considered a serious offense. You must credit your sources.

When is credit due? Name your source when you are Using another writer’s exact words Reporting an original idea that isn’t yours. Reporting a fact available from just one source. Reporting common knowledge –information

available from many sources

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Bring your report to a satisfying conclusion either by summing up your main idea or leaving readers with a question for further thought

Checkpoint for revising Will my introduction catch my reader’s attention? Does my report state and logically develop one

unified idea? Are all my fact accurate? Have I used my own words, except in direct

quotations?

End.

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Have I named the source of each direct quotation, each idea that is not mine, & each fact is not common knowledge?

Does my report come to a satisfying conclusion?

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A bibliography is a list of source. Write bibliography after you’ve finished your report. All the information you need for this list should be on your cards. You need list only sources you have actually used.

List the entries in alphabetical order by authors’ last name or by the first word in the title.

Follow the standard form for bibliographies that follows

Put the bibliography at the end of your research report.

 

How do I create my bibliography

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How do I write an observation report?

What does a baby peering through the bars of a crib have in common with a scientist studying a slide through a microscope? They are both making observations. Observing involves using sense –sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch-to take note of things around you.

Writing to describe: Observation report

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An observation report incorporates descriptions of tings you have observed with conclusions you have drawn from your observations. An observation report is particularly suitable for science writing, but anything that you observe and find interesting is a possible subject. For example, the construction of a building would make a good topic for a report.

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An observation report  Includes sensory details and facts Reports only what you have observed Gives your reactions to what you have

observed States any conclusions you have drawn

from your observations

Guidelines

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Step1: Choose what you want to observe. 

If you live near a construction site, you may be able to observe heavy equipment in operation. Then choose a machine to be the focus of your report. Your focus should reflect your purpose. For example, if you want to show how building changes the land, you might choose the bulldozer as your focus. If you want to describe how the frame of a building is put up, you might choose the crane.

 

How do I begin an observation report?

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Step2. Set the time and place for observing.

Often the place is set for you because you need to be where the action occurs. Several factors, however, can affect the times you observe. Consider when the event occurs, whether the event occurs in several steps or all at once, what times you are free to observe, and when your report is due.

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Step 3.Decide how to record observations.

You might want to write a list of questions to try to answer as you make your observations. Also

You may want to make drawings or take pictures. In your notes, includes sensory details-sights, sounds, smells, tastes, textures, temperatures, and so on.

 

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What is important to record? Your purpose and your focus will help you

determine what to record. Remember to pay close attention to the particular object, process, or event that you’ve chosen as your focus. Jot down answers to the questions you posed about events or processes. Come up with comparisons you can use to help explain how something looks, moves, or changes.

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Write down your reactions to what you see-for instance, were you surprised, excite, or amused? Draw conclusions both as you make observations and after you reread your notes.

What forms do observation reports take?

An observation report can be part of a descriptive essay, or it can stand alone. By itself, an observation report might take the form of field notes such as you would write in science class.

 

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How can I organize my report?

Some ways of organizing an observation report:

  Describe the part of your observation

chronologically Describe the parts of your observation in

spatial order, from top to bottom or from front to back.

Arrange any answers to questions in a logical order.

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Checkpoints for revising

Is all information based on my observations?

Have I reported my reactions to and thought on things I observed?

Have I developed conclusions based on my observations?

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A formal observation report is the way that scientists share the results of their research with one another. As such, these reports follow certain conventions. In class, we’ll look at a student sample that you can use as a model.

Writing the Observation Report

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Observation reports consist of the following parts (see Engaging Inquiry 32):

Title: What object and issue are under study?

Abstract: What type of study, object, issue, method, results?

Introduction: What are you studying and why?

Method: What did you do? Results: What did you find out (see)? Discussion: What do the results mean? Conclusion: What should be done next?

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