lecture 5: problem definition & basic project planningmech350/lectures/mech350-lecture-5.pdf ·...

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MECH 350Engineering Design I

University of VictoriaDept. of Mechanical Engineering

Lecture 5: Problem Definition & Basic Project Planning

© N. Dechev, University of Victoria

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PROBLEM DEFINITION: FUNCTIONAL ANALYSISGANTT CHARTS

Outline:


Detailed Design-Detailed Analysis-Simulate & Optimize-Detail Specifications-Drawings, GD&T

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Functional Analysis within the “General” Design Process


Identify Need-Talk with Client-Project Goals-Information Gathering

Conceptualization-Brainstorming-Drawing/Visualization-Functional Decomp.-Morphologic Chart

Preliminary Design & Planning-Prelim. Specifications-Prelim. Analysis-Decision Making-Gantt Charts & CPM

Report/Deliver-Oral Presentation-Client Feedback-Formal Design Report

Prototyping-Prototype Fabrication-Concept Verification

Testing/Evaluation-Evaluate Performance-Are Objectives Met?-Iterate Process Steps 2 - 7 as needed

Problem Definition-Problem Statement-Information Gathering-Design Objectives(quantifiable/measurable)

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For complex systems, the need and problem statements alone may be insufficient to formulate the design problem.

For such complex systems, we can a tool/method called ‘Functional Analysis’ to identify and describe the intended functions. This helps to better formulate a complex design problem.

A functional block diagram can be created to represent the system. Note: this is not an ‘organizational chart’ but rather a ‘function/process flow chart’.

Problem Definition:Functional Analysis


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The basic component of a functional block diagram is a block, where each block has an input(s), a function, and output(s).

The output serves as the input for the next block.

For example (partial representation of a washing machine):


FunctionOutputInput

FunctionOut InInput

FunctionOutput

Heat Water

Hot WaterCold WaterWash Clothes

Waste Water

ElectricityClean Clothes

Functional Analysis

6© N. Dechev, University of Victoria

Power Plant Functional Block Diagram, from textbook [1]:

Example #1 of Functional Block Diagram:Power Plant


Example #1 of Functional Block Diagram:Power Plant


Example #1 of Functional Block Diagram:Power Plant (Generate Steam Block)

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Problem Description:Water collects inside boats below the waterline, due to various sources. This water must be pumped out in order to maintain the buoyancy of the boat. In some cases, boats may not have electric power on board, and hence some type of non-electric mechanism must be developed to pump the water out of the boat.

Need Statement: ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Goal Statement: ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Example#2: Bilge Water Removal System


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Bilge Water Removal System:Illustrations and Drawing Concepts


Linear Pump Concept, from [2] Wind Energy Concept, from [2]

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Bilge Water Removal System:Illustrations and Drawing Concepts


Variant of Wind Energy Concept, from [2] Dual Pendulum Concept, from [2]

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Lets create a Functional Block Diagram to describe this system.

Remember: A Block represents a “Function” the system must do.An Arrow represents an “Object/Thing” which is an input or output.

Begin with the “Highest Level Diagram”, as shown below:

Bilge Water Removal System:Functional Block Diagram



Natural Energy

Water + Debris+ Impurities

Capture and Convert Energy

Useful Energy

Water Out

PumpWater

Noise + Vibration

Filter Water

Pure Water

Debris+ Impurities

Bilge Water Pump



Natural Energy

Bilge Water Removal System:Functional Block Diagram (Capture and Convert Energy)

Useful Energy

Capture and Convert Energy

Collect Energy

Energy Type ? Transform

Energy

Mechanical Energy? Store or

Transfer Energy

Each Function Block, Sub-Function Block, etc... can be expanded.Note, Input and Output prior block remain unchanged. If you need to add Input/Output arrows, you must change higher level diagram.

15© N. Dechev, University of VictoriaFunctional Block Diagram of Bilge Pump, from [2]


Detailed Design-Detailed Analysis-Simulate & Optimize-Detail Specifications-Drawings, GD&T

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Project Planning within the “General” Design Process


Identify Need-Talk with Client-Project Goals-Information Gathering

Conceptualization-Brainstorming-Drawing/Visualization-Functional Decomp.-Morphologic Chart

Preliminary Design & Planning-Prelim. Specifications-Prelim. Analysis-Decision Making-Gantt Charts & CPM

Report/Deliver-Oral Presentation-Client Feedback-Formal Design Report

Prototyping-Prototype Fabrication-Concept Verification

Testing/Evaluation-Evaluate Performance-Are Objectives Met?-Iterate Process Steps 2 - 7 as needed

Problem Definition-Problem Statement-Information Gathering-Design Objectives(quantifiable/measurable)

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The Benefits of Planning:Communicating with clients and co-workersAllocating resourcesBenchmarking to measure progress

Planning Challenges:A common question: “How am I supposed to know how long will this take and how much will this cost? I have never done this before!”_________________________________________________________________________________

Project Planning


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At the most ‘simple level’, a basic project plan should include:List of tasks needed to complete the projectEstimate of the duration of each taskSequential ordering of those tasks based on their logical relationships to each other.Cost estimates for each taskPersonnel assignments for each task.

Basic Project Planning


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Allocating Resources


DILBERT © UFS

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Gantt Charts:Suited for displaying project planning at various stagesEmphasizes the chronological relationship between tasks

Project Planning Tools: Gantt Charts


B. Hyman [2]

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Gantt Chart Enhancements:Milestones: -indicated by diamonds to mark project milestonesDuration: Indicated in hours for each task



B. Hyman [2]

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Gantt Chart Enhancements:Progress Indicators: - Cross-hatched bars to indicate “actual time” vs. “original plan time”.

B. Hyman [2]

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Example of Gantt Chart: Chemical Plant Maintenance


© N. Dechev, University of Victoria B. Hyman [2]

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References:


For further information, consider the following references:

[1] Barry Hyman, Fundamentals of Engineering Design, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003.

[2] K. Otto and, K. Wood, Product Design - Techniques in Reverse Engineering and New Product Development, Chapter 5 - 6, Prentice Hall, 2001.

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REMINDER:Please Review Before Next Class:


Regarding the lecture on “Teamwork”, please review the document: “Coping with Hitchhikers and Couch Potatoes on Teams”, which is posted on the MECH 350 course web-site.

lecture 5: problem definition & basic project planningmech350/lectures/mech350-lecture-5.pdf ·...

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