lecture 2-style sheet and citation

PAPER WRITING

Lecture II

Rida Wahyuningrum

English Department

Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Style sheet is a document's

appearance in terms of such

elements as:

-the default typeface, size, and

color for headings and body text

-How front matter (preface, figure

list, title page, and so forth) should

look

-How all or individual sections

should be laid out in terms of space

(for example, two newspaper

columns, one column with headings

having hanging heads, and so

forth).

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Top : 4 cm

Bottom : 3 cm

Left : 4 cm

Right : 3 cm

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The SPACE between

rows is 1.5 or 2, except

for the direct quote, title,

list of tables and pictures,

and a list of

libraries, use SINGLE

SPACE.

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The TITLE should be

capitalized, centred,

bolded, and 4-spaced

distance from the

beginning of writing.

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The FONTS normally

used is Times New

Roman 12.

Use 14 for the title.

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Capitalize each word,

except function words.

No period at the end of

headings or sub

headings.

Bold-typed.

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A-4 sized

paper

In general, it is a

reference to a published

or unpublished source

(not always the original

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Specifically, an abbreviated

alphanumeric expression embedded

in the body of an intellectual work that

denotes an entry in the bibliographic

references section of the work for the

purpose of acknowledging the

relevance of the works of others to the

topic of discussion at the spot where

the citation appears.

Indirect citations give both the surname and the date

parenthetically. Indirect citations help maintain the

"flow" of the writing because people are very good at

reading around parenthetical information.

Direct citations are

those that include the

surname of the author

as part of the text of

the sentence and the

date within

parentheses.

Further detailed examples and

information about DIRECT vs

INDIRECT CITATION is provided

in pdf file

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MLA style was developed by the Modern Language

Association and is most often used in the arts and

the humanities, particularly in English studies, other

literary studies, including comparative literature and

literary criticism in languages other than English, and

some interdisciplinary studies, such as cultural

studies, drama and theatre, film, and other media,

including television.

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The Modern Language Association uses

parenthetical references instead of

footnotes or endnotes in the body of the

research paper to acknowledge the use of

borrowed material. These references point

to the Works Cited page (see examples of

entries above) at the end to fully

document this material with necessary

author, title, and publishing information.

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PLACEMENT AND PUNCTUATION GUIDELINES

1. Keep the parenthetical references as brief as possible. Do this by inserting the author’s last name and a page number in parentheses after the statement you are documenting:

“A large percentage of the suicides in this category are centered in the New York City area” (Hyde 126).

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2. If you include the author’s name in a sentence, you need only put the page number of the reference in the parentheses:

Hyde notes that “a large percentage of the suicides in this category are centered in the New York City area” (126).

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3. If you are citing an entire work rather than a specific passage or section, omit any parenthetical reference and give the author’s last name in your sentence:

Throughout her book, Hyde argues that suicide among the young constitutes a national epidemic.

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EXAMPLES OF PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES

1. A work by an author of two or more works you are using

Use last name, comma, short title and relevant page numbers:

(Grossman, Aesthetics 5)

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2. A work by an author with the same last name asanother author in your list of Works Cited.

Supply first name:

(James Brown 317)

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3. A work by more than one author

Two authors: (Hyde and Forsyth 47) Three or more authors: (Quirk et al 96)

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3. A work by more than one author

Two authors: (Hyde and Forsyth 47) Three or more authors: (Quirk et al 96)

4. A multivolume work

Indicate volume used: (Laszlo 2: 787)

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5. A work with no author

Use shortened version of title or whole title if it is short. If you shorten the title, begin with the word by which the source is alphabetized in thelist of Works Cited:

(Americana 8: 63)

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6. Corporate author or government agencyYou may include author and title, but it is often best to use information as part of a sentence since the citation may be long:

(IBM Annual Report 1990 6)

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7. Literary WorksBecause of differences in editions, use more than the page number to locate the passage cited. After page number, add a semicolon and other appropriate information using abbreviations such as “ch.”, “pt.”:

(Conrad 15; ch. 3)

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8. More than one work in a single parenthetical reference

Use normal pattern but separate each citationwith a semicolon:

(Kabotis 214; Perkins 58)

Further detailed

information is provided

in pdf file

The style of the American Psychological

Association, or APA style, is most often used

in social sciences. APA style uses Harvard

referencing within the text, listing the author's

name and year of publication, keyed to an

alphabetical list of sources at the end of the

paper on a References page.

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Further detailed

information is provided

in pdf file

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The Chicago Style (CMOS)

was developed and its guide is

The Chicago Manual of Style.

It is most widely used in

history and economics as well

as some social sciences.

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In the Chicago Style, bibliographic entries

are arranged alphabetically by the last

name of the author. They are not

numbered; however, to make the

bibliography easier to correct please

separate entries into the four

categories with a heading for each:

books, articles, encyclopedias, and

websites.

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Below is a “style sheet” for a Chicago Style

bibliography. It will give you examples for the

different types of publications you may need to

cite.

Please note these basic formatting rules.

• First line of the entry is flush left and subsequent

lines of each entry are indented

five spaces.

• Double-space only between entries.

• Anonymous works are alphabetized by title

• Capitalize all nouns in a title

• End each citation with a period.

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Further detailed

information is

provided in pdf

file

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A reference list contains only those sources

you actually referred to in your assignment.

Each resource on your list, there will be some

citation in your assignment.

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A bibliography, sometimes, is taken to be a list

of all those sources you looked at.

This list, also attached to the back of your

assignment, contains all those books, articles,

website, and so on, you cite in your

assignment but also those ones you consulted

but didn't actually cite in your assignment.

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Rida Wahyuningrum

English Department

Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

lecture 2-style sheet and citation

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