lecture 2 avoiding plagiarism in academic writing.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Academic Honesty:
Avoiding Plagiarism inAcademic Writing
Westminster International University in Tashkent
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A plagiarism case
in show business
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Outline
What is plagiarism?
Students reasons for plagiarising
Ways of avoiding plagiarism
Common knowledge or intellectual
property? Referencing in academic writing
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What is plagiarism?
comes from Latin word plagiariusanabductor, and plagiare,to steal (HNN,2008 )
someones ideas, thoughts or findings areused or presented without anyreferencing and acknowledgment.
violates the rights of an author whoseideas, thoughts or findings were usedwithout giving any credit for his work.
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Why do studentsplagiarise?
1. They are afraid of failing.2. They think that their own ideas are not as
good as those of others.
3. They have no confidence in their ownwriting ability in English.4. They are not familiar with the techniques
of referencing.
5. They cannot manage their timeeffectively.
6. They think there is nothing unethicalabout it.
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How to avoid plagiarising?You need to develop your own
research skills
writing skills
personal skills
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Research skills
thinking about the question/topic andusing your own ideas and experience
managing the information you collectfrom sources
developing an effective note-takingsystem
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Writing skills planning
drafting and redrafting
referencing
quoting
paraphrasing
summarising
editing
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Personal skills time management
talking to teachers
asking for help
acting on feedback
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Plagiarism - are you at risk?
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Successful paraphrasing
paraphrasing is used instead of a direct
quotation
in a paraphrase, the meaning is the sameas in the original text but the words are
different
a reference to a paraphrase must beprovided
Practical activities on avoiding
plagiarism
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An example of paraphrasing
Original Source Material
Technology has significantly transformed educationat several major turning points in our history. In the
broadest sense, the first technology was theprimitive modes of communication used byprehistoric people before the development ofspoken language. Mime, gestures, grunts, and drawingof figures in the sand with a stick were methodsused to communicate -- yes, even to educate.
Taken from: Frick, T., (1991). Restructuring Education Through Technology.Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation.
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A paraphrase
According to Frick (1991),one of the
earliest technologies was non-verbalsigns that our prehistoric ancestorsused before spoken language
emerged.
d l
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Avoiding plagiarism
Successful quoting
should be properly incorporated in
academic research
a correct reference is provided
has an appropriate length
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Examples of direct
quotes:The domestication of dogs long
predated the domestication of other
animals.(Sheldrake, 1999, p.5).
Sheldrake (1999) asserts that thedomestication of dogs long predatedthat of other animals. (p.5).
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Common knowledge or
intellectual property?
Material is normally considered common
knowledge if its something most peoplealready know or could easily be found ina general reference source (Tensen,n.d. cited in SCC, 2008)
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Examples of common
knowledge Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan.
World War 1 began in 1914.
Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911.
A cow has four stomachs.
Uzbekistan became independent in 1991.
(Adapted from Tensen, n.d. cited in SCC, 2008)
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Referencing in academic
writing shows that you have done some
research on a topic
acknowledges someones ideas andwork
helps to refer to works or findings ofother scholars
Adapted from Hania Salter-Dvorak, 2008
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What do you need to includein a bibliography?
Printed books Author/editors surname and initials.,
(Year of publication).
Title of book: including subtitles.
(in italics or underlined)
Edition. (if applicable)
Place of publication: (followed by a colon) Name of publisher.
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E-journal article accessed via websiteon the open Internet
Authors surname, initials., (Year of print publication). Title of article. Name of journal. (in italics or underlined) Date of print publication (if applicable, e.g.
May/June) Volume number (in bold) Page numbers. (or online equivalent) [online] Available from:
[Accessed (enter date you viewed the article)].
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BibliographyCopyright, (2007). Extreme Gall. [online] Available from:
http://benedict.com/Audio/Vanilla/Vanilla.aspx[Accessed 3 May 2008].
History News Network (HNN), (2008). The American Historical Associations(AHA)Statement on Standards of Professional Conduct. [online] GeorgeMason University. Available from: [Accessed1 May 2008].
Martin, B., (2004). Plagiarism: policy against cheating or policy for learning?
[online] University of Wollongong. Available from: [Accessed1May2008].
Salter-Dvorak, H., (2008). What is Successful Academic Writing? EAP lecturedelivered on 25th April 2008
Seminole Community College (SCC),(2008). Avoid plagiarism through practice,Available from: [Accessed28th April 2008].