lecture 16 - the social integration and national unity

8/13/2019 Lecture 16 - The Social Integration and National Unity

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YOUR FUTUREBEGINS HERE

MPW 1233

Malaysian Studies

By

Hj. Kamal Abd Razak

MBA Techno-Entrepreneurship

[email protected]

012-6550746
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND

National unity


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Introduction

Concepts of Unity and Integration

Concept of Plural Society

Ethnic Relations in Malaysia Theory of Racial Relations

History of Ethnic Relations

Forms of Ethnic Relations

National Integration Problems

Obstacles to National Integration Causes and Reinforcing Obstacles to Integration

The strive towards Unity and National Integration Political Efforts

Economic Effort

Social and Cultural Effort

The Basis of Racial Unity in Msia Sharing of Political Power

Democratic Govt Sound Economic Growth

Cultural Compromise

Method to Achieve National Integration


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Concepts of Unity and Integration

Unitygenerally to the uniting of various groupsthat have different social and culturalbackgrounds, into one physical entity Union that is external in form

Done through regulations Integrationis a process of uniting groups with

different backgrounds into one entity bound bycommon norms, values and interests A sense of belonging, a process that takes place as a

result of inner ties, that is, ties of feelings betweenpeople themselves

A sharing of heart and mind that goes beyond cultural andethnic difference


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FurnivalsConcept of Plural Society

Different culturally, politically and

economically

Furnival quote (pg. 163)

they mix, but they are not integrated


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Ethnic Relations in Msia

Degrees of nearness

Segregation (Low integration)

Accommodation

Acculturation

Assimilation

Amalgamation (High integration)


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Segregation


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Accommodation


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Acculturation


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Assimilation


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Amalgamation


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History of Ethnic Relations

Five stages of change

1. Co-existence

2. Frequent External Contact

3. Compromise

4. Unity

5. Integration


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Two possibilities

1. Plurality should be protected

Unity in a plural society

Malaysian Malaysia

2. Assimilate or die. Same language, values and way of life, education

Intermarriage

If ethnic consciousness is strong, then national

consciousness will be weak.


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Forms of Ethnic Relations

Conflict May 13, 1969

World War 2

Competition In education (student quotas), employment Cooperation

Political arena (BN, PKR)

Struggle for Independence Fight against Communists

Ganyang Malaysia


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National Integration Problems

1. Prejudice Based on generalizations, evidence that is not

concrete

Bad Expectations of other races

2. Communalism Favouring ones own ethnic community

Tension in relationships w other ethnic groups

3. Ethnocentrism Ones own belief that ones own culture is

superior

Eg. Hitler Clip


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All these feelings inside add up to:

DISCRIMINATION.


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Causes of Discrimination

Ignorance of other ethnic groups

Process of socialization limited to within

ethnic groups

Communal Politics

Socio-economic difference

Cultural Difference Segregation Or Physical Separation


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Striving Towards Unity and Integration

Political Efforts

Special Rights

Assistance

Sedition Act aimed at preventing an individualfrom raising sensitive issues in public

Position of Malay as the official language

Position of the Malay rulers

Status of Islam as the official relgiion

Special rights of the Bumiputra

Citizen rights of the non-Bumiputras


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Economic Efforts

Govt. Five Year Plans Aim: Economic Equity among the races and

reduce identification of race by economic activity Creating Malay entrepreneurs to help them control

at least 30% of the countrys economy (+ quotas,contracts, loans, employment options, etc)

Development agencies (ie. Land Development):

FELDA, FELCRA, RISDA. Aim: Uplift the communitys social and economic

standing


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Social and Cultural Efforts

Education curriculum

1971, National Culture introduced- founded

upon the Malay culture with incorporation ofelements from other cultures

Use of Malay language as the official languageand also the national system of education

KEMAS, Rukun Tetangga set up. A NationalUnity Dept was set up by the Minsitry ofNtionalUnity and Social Development


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Historical Foundations for Unity

Sharing of political power

A Democratic Government Free, but cannot question certain issues

Sound economic growth Transformation in 1 generation (agricultural toindustry based economy)

Free-market economy

Cultural compromise Other languages used widelyAccommodating attitude among some Malay

leaders


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Underlying principles for integration

1. Unity of ones own race

2. Reducing of economic difference btwn

races

3. Allowing all ethnic groups to develop as

much as possible

4. Principle of compromise


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Categories of Integration

1. Self-development

2. Physical and Social Development


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1. Self Development

Stimulating right THINKING

Socialisation and re-socialization (mixeveryone up)

Reducing group identification (becoming moreopen to other races)

Reducing group demands (groups makeclaims that can cause tension. Reduce these

claims.) Creating cohesive relations (housing and

business policies to encourage mixing)


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2. Physical and Socio-economic Development Strategies

Stress on social structural changes thru physical and socio-economic development (produce an external unity thatgradually grows into more sustaining integration) Updating and increasing socio-economic strategies

NEP (encompassing agriculture, education, industry, enterprise,housing)

Changing concepts of a divisive nature Concepts such as West Malaysia and East Malaysia/ Bumiputra and

non-Bumiputra. Now Peninsula Msia, Sabah & Sarawak used

Inter-regional transfer of officers Administrative expertise distributed fairly

Exposure to other communities Visits to other communities, usage of media

Enhancing role of social institutions Encouraging activities like Gotong Royong that increase physical

proximity of races


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The Methods on Physical Proximity

For item Physical Proximity use the following: Formal education (curriculum that talk abt ethnice groups)

Co-curriculum activities (help to foster interaction)

Continuous education (diff aspects and values are givenimportance)

Social groups (Socio-political groups, involve all ethnicgroups)

Social activities (games, sports, art, business activities)

Tourism within the country (efforts to improve quality oftourist destinations)

Mass Media (bring together ethnic groups. Newspapers docoverage and lessen racial and sensitive issues)


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Methods on Socio-economic Dev

Improving educational infrastructure

Create Bumiputra entrepreneurs and

professionals

Development in the small enterprise sector

Development of rural infrastructure

Development of the rural folk


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Create a NATIONAL IDEOLOGY

Rukun Negara

National Ideology

Vision 2020

Generasi Gemilang, Terbilang, Terhilang

1Malaysia


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Thank You

lecture 16 - the social integration and national unity

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