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Geology  and  Geophysics  303    Structural  Geology  

Recap  

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Ac+ve  Geologic  Structures:  Kilauea  Dikes  

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h=p://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/Photoglossary/fissure4_large.JPG  

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Fossil  Geologic  Structures:    Ship  Rock  Dikes  

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h=p://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~schlisch/structureslides/shiprock_LJM.jpg  

Large  Fold  King  Oscar  Fjord,  East  Greenland  

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h=p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Oscar_Fjord  

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Ac+ve  Fold  and  Faults  in  Hawaii  Hilina  Pali  

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volcanoes.usgs.gov/ images/pglossary/fault.php

Large  Geologic  Structures:  Plate  Boundaries  

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h=p://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Plates_tect2_en.svg/2000px-­‐Plates_tect2_en.svg.png  

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Small  Geologic  Structures  Disloca+on  in  a  Crystal  

h=p://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/hacker/geo102C/lectures/disloca+on2.jpg  

31.  RECAP  

I  Main  Topics  A  Course  philosophy  

B  An  approach  to  prac+cing  structural  geology  C  Mathema+cal  and  physical  fundamentals  D  Fieldwork,  theory,  and  experiment  

E  Prac+ce  good  habits  

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31.  RECAP  

III  Course  philosophy    A  Geology  can  be  treated  as  a  scien+fic  discipline  

B  Course  is  intended  to  challenge  students  C  Course  emphases  

1  Concepts  (not  vocabulary)  

2  Cri+cal  thinking  (not  “cookbooks”)  3  Fundamentals  (not  fashion)  

4  Quan+ta+ve  predic+ons  (Where?  When?  How  big?)  

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31.  RECAP  II  Course  Philosophy:  Scien+fic  Method  

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31.  RECAP  III  AN  APPROACH  TO  PRACTICING  STRUCTURAL  GEOLOGY  

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Topic Subtopics  Geometry   Orthographic  &  stereographic  projec+ons  

Maps  and  cross  sec+ons  Coordinate  transforma+ons  Differen+al  geometry  

Kinema+cs   Strain  Mechanics   Rheology  

Stress  Introduc+on  to  boundary  value  problems        Stresses  around  a  hole        Stresses  around  a  screw  disloca+on  

Applica'on  to  Geologic  Structures  

Opening-­‐mode  cracks  Faults  Folds  

31.  INTRODUCTION  AND  COURSE  PHILOSOPHY  IV  Mathema+cal  and  Physical  fundamentals  

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Discipline Topics  

Mathema+cs   Vectors  Tensors  Linear  Algebra      Solu+on  of  simultaneous  linear  equa+ons      Eigenvectors  and  eigenvalues  Differen+al  Equa+ons  Introduc+on  to  dimensional  analysis  Differen+al  geometry  

Physics   Fundamentals  of  Con+nuum  Mechanics  

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31.  INTRODUCTION  AND  COURSE  PHILOSOPHY  IV  Mathema+cal  and  Physical  Fundamentals  

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h=p://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Payallarfishing.jpg  

h=p://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/36-­‐pesca%2CTaccuino_Sanita+s%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg  

Fish  Net  Analogy  

31.  RECAP  V  Fieldwork,  Theory,  and  Experiment  

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h=p://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~schlisch/structureslides/shiprock_LJM.jpg  

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31.  Recap  V  Fieldwork,  Theory,  and  Experiment  •  Governing  Equa+on  

•  Boundary  Condi+ons  

•  Solu+on  

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ur = u0ar

⎛⎝⎜

⎞⎠⎟, uθ = 0

σ rr =E

(1+ ν)−u0ar2

⎡⎣⎢

⎤⎦⎥

σθθ = −σ rr ,   σθr = 0

0 = d 2urdr2

+1rdurdr

−urr2

ur r = a( ) = u0ur →∞ = 0

31.  RECAP  V  Fieldwork,  Theory,  and  Experiment  

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h=p://medesign.seas.upenn.edu/index.php/Main/HomeHistory  

h=p://www.spacegrant.hawaii.edu/class_acts/GelVolTe.html  

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31.  RECAP  

VI    Prac+ce  good  habits  A  Seek  the  essence  of  phenomena  (in  their  clearest  expression)  

B  Start  with  simple,  well-­‐defined  problems  C  Draw  neatly  labeled  diagrams  D  Check  your  work  as  you  go  E  Seek  different  perspec+ves  F  Strive  for  high  standards  G  Help  others  

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