lec1 3.18.13 - preflight inspection

7/29/2019 Lec1 3.18.13 - Preflight Inspection

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Aviation Simulationby

Ahmad Ahsan

Aviation Simulationby

Ahmad Ahsan


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PreFlight Inspection


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Preflight Inspection

One of the most important tasks

What is it?

Why do we do it? Should you follow a checklist?

Whose responsibility is it?


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Preflight Inspection The preflight inspection is a thorough and

systematic means by which a pilot determines

if the aircraft is airworthy and in condition for

safe operation.

POHs and owner/information manuals contain

a section devoted to a systematic method of

performing a preflight inspection.

(PHAK 8-9)


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Before leaving the building Check the weather reports

Check for any NOTAMS and other information

related to your flight

File a flight plan (if required)

Check the weight and balance

Check for any modifications or maintenance

carried out before your flight

Talk to pilots who have flown the plane just

before you

IMSAFE


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Preflight Inspection The preflight inspection is an inspection that

we perform on the plane

before each and every flight

to ensure the safety and correct operation ofall aspects of the airplane.

It covers everything on the airplane, from

controls to instruments, and everything in

between.


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360 or walk around

Begin

1. cabin

2. tail

3. right wing

4. Fuel & landing gear

5. nose, prop, cowling

6. Left fuel, LG

7. left wing

8. cont. left wing


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When approaching the airplane Open your eyes

Look for any leaks or bolts on the ground

near/around the airplane

Look for any hanging/missing parts Is the aircraft level or tilted? Tilt may indicate

small issues like problem with gear strut, or

big issues like structural failure.

Is everything straight and properly aligned?


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Why do we do it? To ensure aircraft is airworthy

To ensure normal operation of all systems equipmentand controls

To inspect equipment and controls

To observe any issues that may cause problems

during flight

To look for any damage

The accomplishment of a safe flight begins with a

careful visual inspection of the airplane.

The purpose of the preflight visual inspection is

twofold:

-to determine that the airplane is legally airworthy,

-that it is in condition for safe flight. (FAA8083-3B)


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How should you do it? Keep your eyes and ears open

Dont rush

Follow a checklist

Be thorough..inspect each and every item Do not proceed randomly, follow the order

recommended by the aircraft manufacturer

If in doubt check again


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How should you do it? Avoid any distractions

If distracted, restart from 3 steps before

Look for any missing bolts on the upper and

lower surfaces

Feel the surface of the aircraft.sometimes

you cannot see fine cracks or nicks

Exercise caution when examining the prop


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How should you do it? Each airplane has its special areas that must

be examined.

Such specialized systems mean that first you

have to look at the handbook for the airplane

and read what the manufacturer recommends

doing on the preflight.

Refer to your aircrafts POH.


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Categories of Inspection Visual Check - lights

ON/OFF master switch, radios, etc.

SET set an item for takeoff such as trim

Apply and Check flight controls, brakes, etc.


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How to follow the checklist?


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How to follow the checklist?

What you are inspecting

Item being inspected Condition of the item

Now you can move to the next item..

Wh l k f ?


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What to look for? Dents (esp. on leading edge of wings & stab)

Cracks (windows or fuselage)

Leaks (underneath wings, landing gear, nose)

Holes or chipped off parts

Dont forget to look at the lower surface!

Wh l k f ?


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What to look for? Missing or misaligned bolts or rivets

Control cable strength and tension

Flap and aileron hinges

Anything out of the ordinary

Wear, nicks or damage of propeller

Wh t t l k f ?


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What to look for? Fuel quantity and fuel caps

Check fuel:

a) color & smell

b) water contamination

c) feel it (evaporates/cools)

d) drop on the grounde) test fuel from all sumps or drain points

f) rock the wings

g) aviation fuel wont bubbleh) at night, use a light

i) in daytime, color=sky

j) in cold weather, look for

cr stals

Wh t t l k f ?


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What to look for? Check any vents for blockage

Oil quantity and cap/latch

Check bottom of the tanks for any leaks or

discoloration

Recheck before any flight

Wh t t l k f ?


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What to look for? Look at the static and pitot ports

Move controls to full deflection. Check they

are free and CORRECT

Remove the pitot tube cover,

control locks, chocks, and tie

downs.

Wh t t l k f ?


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What to look for? If you are unsure, always:

TELL SOMEONE Ask an instructor, technician, or senior pilot. If

you are not flying the airplane, report whatyou see to the PIC.

l l h !


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Every little thing counts! Aeroperu 757 crashed due to

tape on the static port killing

70 people.

Forgot to remove tie-down

crashed into fuel truck.

Improper oil/fuel haskilled many people

Didnt check controls..

Free and CORRECT

Missing rivets or bolts may

indicate stress or other

structural problems.

I l i


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In conclusion A casual preflight check =

aircraft wreck Follow the procedures and

be thorough. Procedures

are there for your safety

and the safety of others.


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Remember No matter what, the main task is to focus and

pay all attention to your aircraft. A good preflight:

- does not take too long- is thorough- excludes distractions- follows a proper outline (manufacturerrecommended)

- uses full attention on the task


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Documents on Aircraft

Airworthiness (Certificate of Airworthiness) Registration Certificate

Radio station license.

Operating Handbook or Owners Manual (POH)

Weight and Balance sheetFAAH-8083-3B 2-1, CFR 14 91.103


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The determination of whether the airplane is in a conditionfor safe flight is made by a preflight inspection of the

airplane and its components The preflight inspection should be performed in accordance

with a printed checklist provided by the airplanemanufacturer for the specific make and model airplane.

The preflight inspection of the airplane should begin whileapproaching the airplane on the ramp.

The pilot should make note of the:

general appearanceof the airplane,

landing gear out of alignment,

structural distortion, skin damage,

and dripping fuel or oil leaks.

Uponreaching the airplane, all tiedowns, control locks, and

chocks should be removed. (FAA 8083-3B 2-2)


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Small Things to Look for. Wet seat or carpet after rain may indicate structural

problem or misalignment of door/fuselage

Misaligned rivets may indicate structural problem

Small delamination (crazing) may seriously affectvisibility

Any unusual noise should be checked

Check your instruments cross check airspeed (zero),altitude (field elevation), vsi indication, attitudeindicator, etc.

Any ripples or waves may present a serious risk Fuel stains need to be investigated. Check above the

wing too!

Any slack control cables should be inspected

I th k it


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In the cockpit Check all documents

Charts and navigation source

Secure any loose items Ensure proper seating position

Double check any tie downs or chocks

Before starting the engine: check all sides, clear

Anti collision light

Once the engine is started, test the brakes (procedure)

Carry out a radio check Announce your intentions before you move

Exercise caution in strong winds

Use the rudder for turning and stop with thenosewheel straight.

B f T k Off


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Before Take Off Usually near the runway in a clear area, pointed

into the wind

Stay clear of other aircraft

The airplane should be positioned on a firm,

smooth, and/or paved surface.

Straighten the airplanes nosewheel to reduce stress

during the magneto check.

Beware of braking action

Follow the recommendations/checklist in the POH

B f T k Off


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Before Take Off Thumb points in direction of UP Aileron, DOWN wing

Confirm controls free and correct

Look & Listen for other traffic Before entering the runway, obtain permission or

announce intentions (as suitable)

Follow the checklist item by item.

Do not accept any unacceptable levels of airplaneperformance.

Read each checklist items aloud and touch eachindicated control.

Frequently scan the engine instruments throughout thepre-takeoff check.

Do not let the engine overheat.

Look for overheat conditions on the cylinder headtemperature gauge, or oil temperature gauge.

B f T k Off


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Before Take Off Confirm runway lengths are adequate.

Review emergency procedures, especially:

-engine failure during ground roll.

-engine failure just after liftoff, runway remaining.

-engine failure after liftoff, up to 500 feet. -engine failure on climb out, 500-1000 feet.

B f T k Off


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Before Take Off

If you haveany doubts,do not fly.

O th R


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On the Runway Cross check you are on the correct runway. Match

the mag compass with the dg.

(Singapore Airlines 747)

Transponder

Ready for emergency?


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In the cockpit Check all documents

Charts and navigation source

Secure any loose items

Ensure proper seating position

Double check any tie downs or chocks

Before starting the engine: check all sides, clear

Anti collision light

Once the engine is started, test the brakes

Carry out a radio check

Announce your intentions before you move


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The determination of whether the airplane is in a conditionfor safe flight is made by a preflight inspection of the

airplane and its components The preflight inspection should be performed in accordance

with a printed checklist provided by the airplanemanufacturer for the specific make and model airplane.

The preflight inspection of the airplane should begin whileapproaching the airplane on the ramp.

The pilot should make note of the:

general appearanceof the airplane,

landing gear out of alignment,

structural distortion, skin damage,

and dripping fuel or oil leaks.

Uponreaching the airplane, all tiedowns, control locks, andchocks should be removed. (FAA 8083-3B 2-2)


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Questions

Q: Youre conducting the preflight inspection

and you see that one of the screws inside the

engine cowling is missing. You know its not a

major concern. What do you do?

A: Tell instructor/PIC/AMT


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Questions

Q: You see a dent in the aileron that looks

symmetrical that matches and is in the same

place as another dent in the other aileron.

Should you overlook it?

A: Absolutely not. Its a dent and it looks and makes

you suspicious, so you should definitely ask your

instructor or AMT about it.


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Questions

Q: As youre checking the oil, you notice that

its just barelyabove the 6 quarts line (the

minimum is 6). Should you mention this to

possibly add another quart of oil, or shouldyou ignore it because the oil level is adequate

and meets the requirement?

A: Tell another pilot or mechanic and ask for theiradvice.


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Questions

Q: As youre checking the strut, tire, and brake

of the right landing gear, you notice that the

tire seems just a bit flat. It may just be you, or

that the plane hasnt been flying in 2 days andthe weight temporarily flattened it. What

should you do?

A: Tell an instructor or AMT - The tire pressure issupposed to be 29 PSI but it may have dropped. Get it

checked.


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Essential Questions

What is preflight inspection?

Why do we conduct a preflight inspection?

Why is it important to go in order of the

checklist?

What sorts of things am I looking for

specifically during the preflight inspection?

What should I do if I find something that is out

of the ordinary?