Leading

• Ch. 10, Leaders and LeadershipManaging the Paradox L. Dubin, MGT 121

Leadership, Managing the Paradox

Teams usually need leaders, but their very presence threatens the autonomy of the team

Autonomy: Independence, freedom to choose In Leadership: Self-direction

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Teams and Leaders Defined

Teams: Empowered groups who collaborate in a mutually beneficial fashion to enact positive change.

Leaders: Those who take charge of group efforts. Shape goals Coordinate efforts Motivate members

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Leadership Paradox

The presence of a leader does not always guarantee that teams will be effective

Leadership seems to run contrary to teamwork Traditional type leaders are often ineffective in

team based organizations

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Leadership vs. Management

“Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.” Peter F. Drucker (Educator/Writer)

“People don’t want to be managed, they want to be led’’ (Thompson, p. 262)

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Leadership and Management

Management: a business or team function Leadership: a relationship between the leader and the

group that energizes the team Leadership: the ability to influence people to achieve

the goals of a team or organization Leadership: the point of view that the leader adopts

A Leader sees what needs to be done Understands the forces at work in the organization Takes action to make things better

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Are You a Manager or a Leader?

Managing: Doing things right Leading: Doing the right things

(try not to micro-manage)

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Nature vs. Nurture Debate

Are leaders born or self-made? The Great Person Theory states

that leaders are born, not made The Great Opportunity Theory

states that leadership canbe learned as a skill

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Great Man (Person) Theory Intelligence and leadership Personality and leadership Birth order and leadership Gender and leadership

(related to how followers react)

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Great Opportunity Theory

Seating arrangements Random selection of leaders…

produces better leaders leads to better team performance

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Leadership Styles

1. Task vs. Person Leadership2. Transactional vs. Transformational Leadership3. Active vs. Passive Leadership4. Autocratic vs. Democratic Leadership

** Free-Rein or Laissez-Faire

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1. Task vs. Person Leadership

Interested in accomplishing team objectives vs. Focused on the process of getting there

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2. Transactional vs. Transformational

Transactional Leaders: Use power to reinforce team members Set up a competitive relationship

among team members Transformational Leaders:

Motivate others to work toward goals beyond self-interest for the good of the team or organization

Rely on charisma, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration to produce change

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3. Active vs. Passive* Leadership

Take part in team activities & are highly visible vs. Not involved in the day-to-day team activities

*Laissez Faire

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4. Autocratic vs. Democratic

Sole possession of authority, power, & control Top Down leadership or Vertical Leadership

Involving team members in leadership Shared leadership Shared purpose improves

team effectiveness

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Free-Rein or Laissez-Faire

Involves setting objectives Giving employees a significant amount of freedom to

do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives Workers are allowed to prove themselves based upon

goals reached (rather than meeting specific criteria) Doctors, engineers, lawyers, consultants Traits needed by managers in such organizations

include warmth, friendliness, and understanding

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Leadership and Power

Power: “ the ability of a person to control the outcomes of another person in a relationship.” (Kelley, H.H. & Thibaut, J., 1978)

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Sources of Power

Legitimate Power Based on a person’s

position Others comply as they

believe in his/her legitimacy Reward Power

Based on a person’s access to rewards

Others comply as they desire rewards

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Sources of Power

Coercive Power Based on a person's ability

to punish Others comply as they fear

punishment Expert Power

Based on personal expertise Others comply as they

believe in his/her knowledge

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Sources of Power

Referent Power Based on a person’s attractiveness to others Others comply out of respect and likeability

All positive? Michael Jordan Tiger Woods Tim Tebow

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Path-Goal Theory

“It is the leader’s job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to give them the necessary directions and/or support to ensure their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization.”

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Better Leaders…

Encourage Participative Management Delegate tasks Invite others to share in the work Teach and mentor

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…and

Teams composed of talented individuals that are selected for their specific knowledge or skills, need…

Leaders who encourage participation and collaboration

The leader will function better! Tasks are performed better! The team works better and goals are achieved!

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In Conclusion

• A new image of leadership is necessary. Be a leader among equals rather than a leader of followers.

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