leadership ccm 2013
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Leadership and Motivation across Cultures
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What is Leadership?
! Ability to inspire a group toward the
achievement of a vision or set of goals.
! Being a leader in a foreign land! 85 percent of Fortune 500 companies have
reported a shortage of global managers with the
necessary skills.
! Most U.S. companies are not positioned to
implement global strategies due to a lack of
global leadership capabilities.
! Case: Leading Across Cultures at Michelin
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! Global Leadership and Organizational BehaviourEffectiveness.
! “most ambitious study of global leadership”
! 1993-2003 (led by Wharton Business School)
! 18,000 leaders from 825 organizations in 62 countries
surveyed on ‘cultural practices’ (the ways things are)
and ‘cultural values’ (the way things should be.
! http://business.nmsu.edu/programs-centers/globe/
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10 Cultural Clusters! Anglo Cultures: England, Australia, South Africa (white sample), Canada, New
Zealand, Ireland, United States,
! Latin Europe Italy, Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland (French and Italianspeaking)
! Nordic Europe Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway
! Germanic Europe German-speaking Europe (Austria, German-speaking
Switzerland, Germany) plus Dutch-speaking Europe (Netherlands, Belgium andDutch speaking France)
! Eastern Europe Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia,Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Serbia, Greece, Slovenia, Albania, Russia
! Latin America Costa Rica, Venezuela, Ecuador, Mexico, El Salvador,Colombia, Guatemala, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina
! Sub-Saharan Africa Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa (black sample),
Nigeria! Arab Cultures Algeria, Qatar, Morocco, Turkey, Egypt, Kuwait, Libya, Tunisia,
Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Jordan, Iraq, UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman
! Southern Asia India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Iran
! Confucian Asia Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, China, Japan,Philippines, Vietnam
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http://www.grovewell.com/pub-GLOBE-leadership-style.html
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Globe survey
! Identified 6 dimensions of ‘Culturally-
endorsed Implicit Leadership theory’ (CLT).
CLT scores are relative on thesedimensions
! Charismatic/Value-based
! Ability to inspire, to motivate, and to expect high
performance outcomes from others
! Anglo-cluster scores higher (6.05); Middle east
scores lowest (5.35)
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Globe survey
! Team-oriented! Emphasis on effective team-building
! Participative! Involving others in decision-making
! Humane-oriented! Compassion, generosity (South Asia cluster scores highest,
5.38)
! Autonomous (could impede or slightly facilitateoutstanding leadership)
! Independent and individualistic! Self-Protective (generally impeding to effective leadership)
! Face saving (Southern Asia scores highest 3.83)
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! Read the article:
Javidan, M., Dorfman, P W., Sully de
Luque, M., and House,R.J. (2006).In the Eye of the Beholder: Cross Cultural
Lessons in Leadership from Project
GLOBE, Academy of ManagementPerspectives, 67-89.
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Global Leaders:
• Inquisitive/natural curiosity
about foreign cultures• Adaptable
• Act as cultural brokers
• Draw leadership lessons
from the home culture
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Examples:! What Indian managers do
differently, includes:
! Looking beyondstockholders’ interests topublic mission and nationalpurpose
! Drawing on improvisation,adaptation, and resilience toovercome endless hurdles
! Identifying products andservices of compelling valueto customers
! Investing in talent andbuilding a stirring culture
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HCL’s Employee First Strategy
! Traditional approach
" Customers first
" employees (Commodities) next
! HCL’s mantra (World’s most modern management)
" Employee First
" customer loyalty & High revenue
" Vineet Nayar, CEO of HCL
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Lessons from the heritage-culture! http://
www.youtube
.com/watch?
v=Ft7G549GF3Y