leaderdship techniques for senior design project leadership overview & project management...

Leaderdship Techniques for Senior Design

Project Leadership Overview &Project Management Overview

Prof. Ralph V. Locurcio, PE

Project Management Tasks1. Identify leaders & roles2. Project planning3. Risk Analysis & Management4. Project organization5. Develop a system of coordination6. Work Breakdown7. Work Schedule8. Cost analysis, estimating & control9. Quality control & supervision10. Engineering11. Production drawings & documents12. Construction operations13. Project delivery & closeout

Project Leadership Leadership Principles

Team Dynamics Team Leadership Methods

Project Planning Project Organization Work Breakdown Structure Project Scheduling

Project Execution

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Introduction to Leadership…

What can you tell me about leadership from this cartoon?What can you tell me about leadership from this cartoon?



Here are some clues… what’s going on here?Here are some clues… what’s going on here?

?

?

?

?



So… what’s the caption here?So… what’s the caption here?


The caption is….

ACEC Survey: What clients expect... (American Consulting Engineers Council)

1. 34% People skills: leadership, motivated, excited, responsive

2. 23% Communication skills: clarify issues, alternatives, participation

3. 15% Ethical considerations: mutual respect, trust, honesty

4. 17% Project mgt. skills: scope, scheduling, changes, claims, etc.

5. 6% Technical expertise: knowledge & experience

6. 5% Budget experience: project controls, design to budget


Locurcio’s Definition of Leadership…

Leadership is the process of accomplishing a task by clearly

specifying the intended outcome and then motivating and directing an

enthusiastic workforce to achieve an optimum result.


A Simpler Definition…

A leader is a person you will follow to a place

you wouldn’t go by yourself…

(author unknown)


Team Performance Dynamics

Pseudo Team

Potential Team

Real Team

Hi-Performing TeamHi-Performing Team

Working Group

FormingForming

StormingStorming

NormingNorming

PerformingPerforming

Adjourning

Team Effectiveness

Team

Per

form

ance

Tuckman & Jensen Model

Mourning

Team Leadership Methods Project Manager - control Co-leadership - technical & process Rotating leaders

1. Participation2. Support3. Balance

Facilitated – neutral + prof. advice Ombudsman – avoid blind spots

System of Coordination…

Middle Manager Middle Manager

Top ManagerTop Manager

First-Line Manager First-Line Manager First-Line Manager First-Line Manager

WorkGroup

WorkGroup

WorkGroup

WorkGroup

WorkGroup

WorkGroup

WorkGroup

WorkGroup

Definedpositions

showrelativepower

Formal lines of communication

reach all workers

Leadership Styles


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1,9Country clubmanagement

9,9Team managem ent

5,5Organization man

management

9,1Authority-obedience

1,1Im povrishedmanagement

Concern for production

Conc

ern

for

peop

le

Compromizer

LeaderLeaderLaid Back

Loafer Dictator

Choosing the Correct Style…


Follower’s capabilities

HiRelationship

LowRelationship

Selling

Telling

Participating

Delegating

HiTask

LowTask

Unable,unwillinginsecure

Willing butunable

Able butinsecure

Able,willing, secure

Directing & Delegating

Essential for action... to assign tasks

Transmits authority to subordinates

Must tailor to task and subordinates

Releases total capacity of the enterprise

Enables employee motivation

Degrees of Delegation (worst to best)

Boss decides all – employee executes

You Make recommendation – boss decides

You Make recommendation – joint decision

You Decide – info boss before acting

You Decide – info boss on outcome only

Choosing the Correct Style…

Follower’s capabilities

HiRelationship

LowRelationship

Selling

Telling

Participating

Delegating

HiTask

LowTask

Unable, unwillinginsecure

Willing butunable

Able butinsecure

Ablewilling, secure

Boss decidesBoss decides

RecommendationRecommendationJoint DecisionJoint Decision

Employee DecidesEmployee DecidesTellingDelegating

Project Directives – 6 W’s1. What – needs to be done2. Who – should do it3. When – it needs to be completed4. Where – will it be done5. Why – establishes importance6. Wow – what does success look like

Project Management Tasks1. Define leaders & roles2. Project planning3. Project organization4. System of communications5. Work Breakdown6. Work Schedule7. Cost analysis, estimating & control8. Design operations & supervision9. Production drawings & documents10. Risk Management11. Quality control12. Project delivery & closeout13. Construction

Project Management Tasks Project Planning Work Breakdown Project Schedule Project Budget Construction Cost

How do you eat an elephant?

One bite at a time!!!

You break the total project down into measurable tasks…

Design Process

Construction Process

Programming Process

Project Delivery Process…Need for a project

Is recognizedOwner appointsProject Manager

Project Manager develops project

program: scope & cost parameters

Project is entered into an annual

capital program

Designer prepares concept design & preliminary cost

estimate

Designer completes plans &

specifications

Owner orders bid documents

Project Manager advertises for

construction bids

Contractors assemble team,

prepare & submit bid

Bids reviewed by owner

(with designer)

Builder’s credentials &

bonding approved

Owner approves program

Project Manager advertises for

designer

Owner hires designer

Owner authorizes final

design

Owner selectsbuilder

Notice to Proceed

Constructionbegins

Resident Engineeroversees

construction

Project phase(s)completed

All work completed final inspection

made

ProgresspaymentFinal paymentOwner accepts

facility

Planning phase Clearly defines the goals of a project

Baseline for all project decisions.

Essential to project success.

Simple example Construction of a Fido’s house

What are the goals?

What needs to be considered ???

Programming Phase What type of dog is Fido? How big is he or she? What’s the local climate? Where will you put the house? How much room do you have? What style of dog house do you want? Are there special functions or needs?

What are Fido’s needs…

Police? Latino? Family? Italiano?

Modern? Country? Special Exterior? Interior?

Engineering phase…

Plans & Specifications…

Plans Details Specifications

Construction Phase…

Construction phaseTape measure Hammer Square Circular saw Table saw (optional) Paintbrush Dust mask GogglesHearing Protection

4'x8' sheet of 5/8" exterior siding 1— 8' 2x4 (to be cut into 2x2's) 1— 10' 2x4, rated for outdoor use Nails—16d for base, 8d for house, and

short roofing nails if using shingles Shingles (optional) Finishing material (paint or nontoxic

wood preservative)

Tools

Purchase& DeliverMaterials

Planning

CostTimingQualitySafetyLaborWeatherSitingTransportation

PermitsScheduleOrganizeBudgetHire workersEquipmentInspectionSafety

Const Opns

It’s all needed to achieve…

Project Success!!!!

WBS – the key planning tool The first step in planning is the description

of the all tasks that need to be done to accomplish the project goals.

This task breakdown forms the basis of the work plan… what we call the

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Work Breakdown Structure The purpose of the work plan is to

prevent activities from “falling through the cracks.”

It answers the 6 W’s:1. What – needs to be done2. Who – should do it3. When – it needs to be completed4. Where – will it be done5. Why – establishes importance6. Wow – what does success look like ($$$)

PM TasksThe project manager must accomplish six things when developing the work plan:

1. Break the work into manageable tasks

2. Define the work as independent elements that can be assigned, sequenced, scheduled, and monitored.

PM Tasks (continued)

3. Integrate the work elements into a logical system with a beginning and an end.

4. Present the sequence of tasks in a form that can be easily communicated to workers involved in the project.

Project Flow Chart

PM Tasks (continued)

5. Define the tasks at a level of detail appropriate for the length and complexity of the project.

6. Ensure that the completion of all tasks will result in achieving all project goals.

Developing the WBS… The WBS divides the total project into

“activities” or “work packages”.

Dividing the project into work packages makes it possible to assign task responsibility, and prepare project schedules and cost estimates.

Basic guidelines (continued) Work that will be performed by team

members should be clearly identified

WBS should define measurable tasks & deliverables

WBS should be flexible

Typical WBS for Senior Design

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4

Sub-task aSub-task b

Who When Pln Hr Act Hr Plan $ Act $ %Com

John 8/22/10 5 4 $500 $400 100Jane 8/28/10 8 6 $800 $600 50

WBS for Senior Design ProjectWBS for Senior Design

Activity or Task Duration Assigned Planned Actual Planned Actual Float % Done (hrs or days) person) Start Start Finish Finish Lag Comp

Phase-1 (5%) 1.10 Task 1 12 Mohammad 23-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 3-Sep 0 100 X1.20 Task 2 6 Kahlid 23-Aug 23-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep -5 90 1.30 Task 3 18 Phase-2 (15%) 2.10 Task 4 22 2.11 Subtask 4.1 35 2.12 Subtask 4.2 46 Phase-3 (50%) Phase-4 (95%) Phase-5 (100%)

Adding budget data…WBS for Senior Design + Budget

Activity or Task Duration Assigned Pay Rate Planned Actual Planned Actual Float Planned Actual Over % Done (hrs or days) person) $$$$ Start Start Finish Finish Lag $$$$ $$$$ Under Comp

Phase-1 (5%) 1.10 Task 1 12 Mohammad 125 23-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 3-Sep 0 $1,500 $1,500 $0 100 X1.20 Task 2 6 Kahlid 85 23-Aug 23-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep -5 $510 $561 $51 90 1.30 Task 3 18 Subtotal Phase-2 (15%) 2.10 Task 4 22 2.11 Subtask 4.1 35 2.12 Subtask 4.2 46 Subtotal Phase-3 (50%) Subtotal Phase-4 (95%) Subtotal Phase-5 (100%) Project Total $2,010 $2,061 $51

Bar Chart Schedule…

Task Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9

Excavate xxxxxFoundation xxx xxxxx

Slab xxxxxStructure xxxxxxx

Roof xxxxxx Walls xxxxxxxxxxDoors xxxx

Windows xx xx xx xxInterior Walls xxxxxxxxx

Ceilings xxxxxxxxPaint xxxxx

Floor Tile xxxxxxPlumbing xxx xxx xxxx

Mechanical xxx xxxx xxxElectrical xxx xxxx xxxFurniture xxxxx

Punch List xxClose out xxxx

Simple Bar Chart Schedule

Pyramid Schedule…

Project Execution…Owner

Quality Control

Superintendent Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Project Manager

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Design Manager

ProjectArchitect

StructuralEngineer

CivilEngineer

MechEngineer

ElectricalEngineer

A

B

C

Quality Assure

OfficeEngineer

TechnicalInspectors

A/E Const Staff

Resident Engineer

UsingAgency

Contractor or Construction Manager

ProjectProject LeadersLeaders

My Definition of Leadership…

Leadership is the process of accomplishing a task by clearly

specifying the intended outcome and then motivating and directing an

enthusiastic workforce to achieve an optimum result.


A Simpler Definition…

A leader is a person you will follow to a place

you wouldn’t go by yourself…

(author unknown)


In Conclusion…


Leadership is…

the vision to welcome chance,the courage to adjust to mistakes,and the confidence to stay out of step, when everyone else is… marching to the wrong tune!!

That’s all folks!!!!

leaderdship techniques for senior design project leadership overview & project management...

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